CMOS Image Sensor and System for Imaging Hemodynamic Changes in Response to Deep Brain Stimulation

A Wireless Fiber Photometry System Based on a High-Precision CMOS Biosensor With Embedded Continuous-Time Modulation

Fluorescence biophotometry measurements require wide dynamic range (DR) and high-sensitivity laboratory apparatus. Indeed, it is often very challenging to accurately resolve the small fluorescence variations in presence of noise and high-background tissue autofluorescence. There is a great need for smaller detectors combining high linearity, high sensitivity, and high-energy efficiency. This paper presents a new biophotometry sensor merging two individual building blocks, namely a low-noise sensing front-end and a order continuous-time modulator (CTSDM), into a single module for enabling high-sensitivity and high energy-efficiency photo-sensing. In particular, a differential CMOS photodetector associated with a differential capacitive transimpedance amplifier-based sensing front-end is merged with an incremental order 1-bit CTSDM to achieve a large DR, low hardware complexity, and high-energy efficiency. The sensor leverages a hardware sharing strategy to simplify the implementation and reduce power consumption. The proposed CMOS biosensor is integrated within a miniature wireless head mountable prototype for enabling biophotometry with a single implantable fiber in the brain of live mice. The proposed biophotometry sensor is implemented in a 0.18- CMOS technology, consuming from a 1.8- supply voltage, while achieving a peak dynamic range of over a 50- input bandwidth, a sensitivity of 24 mV/nW, and a minimum detectable current of 2.46- at a 20- sampling rate.

Enhanced CMOS image sensor by flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection film

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) are being widely used in digital video cameras, web cameras, digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR), smart phones and so on, owing to their high level of integration, random accessibility, and low-power operation. It needs to be installed with the cover glass in practical applications to protect the sensor from damage, mechanical issues, and environmental conditions, which, however, limits the accuracy and usability of the sensor due to the reflection in the optical path from air-to-cover glass-to-air. In this work, the flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection (AR) film with controlled aspect ratio was firstly employed to reduce the light reflection at air/cover glass/air interfaces by directly attaching onto the front and rear sides of the CIS cover glass. As both the front and rear sides of cover glass were coated by the AR film, the output image quality was found to be improved with external quantum efficiency increased by 7%, compared with that without AR film. The mean digital data value, root-mean-square contrast, and dynamic range are increased by 45.14%, 38.61% and 57, respectively, for the output image with AR films. These results provide a novel and facile pathway to improve the CIS performance and also could be extended to rational design of other image sensors and optoelectronic devices.