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Ding G, Wang J, Wang Y, Li C, Li R, Wen J, Luo J, Yu Q, Zhou J, Geng X. A film-linked electrostatic self-assembly microfluidic chip. Analyst 2023; 148:6350-6358. [PMID: 37966221 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes a film-linked electrostatic self-assembly microfluidic chip for the first time, designed to be ready-to-use. Barrier films are used to isolate the gas/liquid path microchannels and the pre-stored reagents of the chip before use. Through the linkage design between the film materials, the motion of barrier films is linked to the structural changes inside the chip. Under the combined action of the rebound force of the elastic substrate, the electrostatic adsorption force between the substrates, and the reaction force of the elastic film, the elastic substrate and the liquid storage substrate are instantly bonded, and the self-assembly of the chip is completed within 1 s. By using six independently output programmable sequences to perform the sequential quantitative pumping of pre-stored reagents, the transfer and mixing of samples and pre-stored reagents are automatically driven in a confined space, which greatly reduces the contamination risk and loss rate of samples/reagents, and improves the accuracy and reproducibility of test results. In addition, the microfluidic multi-step reaction driven in parallel can avoid liquid reflux, accurately control the amount of reactant transfer, and realize the quantitative detection of samples. Multiple reactions can be performed synchronously without interference, saving the test time. Since each gas path is independently controllable, the chip can be extended to a variety of biochemical reactions and has the potential to detect a variety of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Ding
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
- Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | | | - Yuezhu Wang
- Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chunxu Li
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Runze Li
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jie Wen
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jianan Luo
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qiaochan Yu
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiongfei Geng
- China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
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Abiha U, Banerjee DS, Mandal S. Demystifying non-invasive approaches for screening jaundice in low resource settings: a review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1292678. [PMID: 38054187 PMCID: PMC10694303 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1292678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All national and international pediatric guidelines universally prescribe meticulous bilirubin screening for neonates as a critical measure to mitigate the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and Kernicterus. The prevailing gold standard for jaundice detection in neonates necessitates invasive blood collection, followed by subsequent biochemical testing. While the invasive procedure provides dependable bilirubin measurements and continues to be the sole gold standard diagnostic method for assessing bilirubin concentration. There exists a pressing need to innovate non-invasive screening tools that alleviate the sampling stress endured by newborns, mitigate iatrogenic anemia, and expedite the turnaround time for obtaining results. The exploration of non-invasive modalities for bilirubin measurements is gaining momentum, driven by the overarching goal of minimizing the number of pricks inflicted upon neonates, thereby rendering screening a swift, efficient, comfortable, and dependable process. This comprehensive review article delves extensively into the array of non-invasive approaches and digital solutions that have been proposed, implemented, and utilized for neonatal bilirubin screening, with a particular emphasis on their application in low-resource settings. Within this context, the review sheds light on the existing methodologies and their practical applications, with a specific focus on transcutaneous bilirubin meters. Moreover, it underscores the prevailing open challenges in this domain and outlines potential directions for future research endeavors. Notably, the review underscores the imperative need for robust educational programs targeted at both families and healthcare personnel to expedite the process of seeking timely care for neonatal jaundice. Additionally, it underscores the necessity for the development of enhanced screening and diagnostic tools that can offer greater accuracy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Abiha
- Department of Smart Healthcare, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
- All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dip Sankar Banerjee
- Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, India
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Manwar R, Gelovani JG, Avanaki K. Bilirubin-biliverdin concentration measurement using photoacoustic spectroscopic analysis for determining hemorrhage age. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202200316. [PMID: 36995028 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The onset of intracerebral hemorrhage and its progression toward acute brain injury have been correlated with the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin (BR). In addition, BR has been considered a novel predictor of outcome from intracranial hemorrhage. Since the existing invasive approach for determining localized BR and biliverdin (BV) concentration within the hemorrhagic brain lesion is not feasible, the predictive capability of BR in terms of determining the onset of hemorrhage and understanding the consequences of its progression (age) is unknown. In this study, we have demonstrated a photoacoustic (PA) approach to the noninvasive measurement of BR-BV ratio that can be utilized longitudinally to approximate the onset of the hemorrhage. The PA imaging-based measurements of BV and BR in tissues and fluids can potentially be used to determine hemorrhage "age," quantitatively evaluate the hemorrhage resorption or detect a rebleeding, and assess responses to therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Manwar
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ye ZT, Kuo HC, Tseng SF, Chung SR, Tsou SX. Using Blue Mini-LEDs as a Light Source Designed a Miniaturized Optomechanical Device for the Detection of Direct Bilirubin. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:111. [PMID: 36417033 PMCID: PMC9684399 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a miniaturized optomechanical device (MOD) for the feasibility study of direct bilirubin in urine using high-collimation blue mini-light-emitting diodes (Mini-LEDs) as the light source. The constructed MOD used optical spectroscopy to analyze different concentrations of direct bilirubin using the absorbance spectrum to achieve a noninvasive method for detection. The experimental results showed that between the absorbance and different concentrations of direct bilirubin at the blue Mini-LEDs central wavelength (462 nm) was the optimum fitting wavelength; in the direct bilirubin concentration range from 0.855 to 17.1 μmol/L, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9999, the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.171 μmol/L, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.570 μmol/L. Therefore, we propose using blue Mini-LEDs as a light source to design a MOD to replace the invasive blood sampling method with a spectroscopic detection of direct bilirubin concentration corresponding to absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ting Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ching Kuo
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Fu Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ru Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd., Huwei Township, 632 Yunlin County Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Xuan Tsou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102 Taiwan, ROC
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Vasudevan V, Narayanan Unni S. Quantification of soft tissue parameters from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance finite element models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3546. [PMID: 34719121 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (SRDRS) is a non-invasive optical technique that helps in clinical diagnosis of various tissue microcirculation and skin pigmentation disorders based on collected backscattered light from multi-layered tissue. The extraction of the optical properties from the reflectance spectrum using analytical solutions is laborious. Model-based light tissue interaction studies help in quantifying the optical properties. This work presents the use of finite element models of light tissue interaction for this purpose. A bilayer model mimicking human skin was considered and the diffused reflectance spectra at multiple detector points were generated using finite element modelling for varying melanin concentration, epidermal thickness, blood volume fraction, oxygen saturation and scattering components. The reflectance value based on varying optical parameters from multiple detection points lead to the generation of a look-up table (LUT), which is further used for finding the tissue parameters that contribute to the spatially resolved reflectance values. The tissue parameters estimated after inverse modelling showed a high degree of agreement with the expected tissue parameters for a test dataset different from the training dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vysakh Vasudevan
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan Unni
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Munkholm SB, Krøgholt T, Ebbesen F, Szecsi PB, Kristensen SR. The smartphone camera as a potential method for transcutaneous bilirubin measurement. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197938. [PMID: 29856793 PMCID: PMC5983497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in neonates that can progress into kernicterus. Suspected neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common reason for contact with the healthcare system. The severity and management of jaundice are determined based on estimated bilirubin levels. However, no easy and accessible tool for self-assessing neonatal jaundice is currently available. Smartphones could potentially be transformed into a medical device that could be used by both patients and practitioners. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a digital image produced by a camera embedded on a smartphone can be a used as a screening tool for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. STUDY DESIGN A total of 64 randomly selected newborns were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were healthy Caucasians, gestational age >35 weeks, age >24 hours and ≤14 days old, and parental informed consent. The exclusion criteria were facial skin lesions and light treatment. Images of the glabella were obtained with an iPhone 6 via i) directly applied pressure, ii) a dermatoscope, or iii) a dermatoscope equipped with a Wratten No. 11 filter. The red, green and blue colour intensities of each image were compared to bilirubin levels. RESULTS Only the dermatoscope-acquired intensities of the green and blue channels were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with bilirubin measurements (Pearson's r: 0.59 and 0.48, respectively). For the green and blue channels, discrimination limits of 212 and 190, respectively, revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 62.5%, respectively, for green and 90.9% and 60%, respectively, for blue for a plasma bilirubin above 205 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that a smartphone equipped with a consistent light source in the form of a dermatoscope may be a simple screening tool for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, the method requires some improvement before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Munkholm
- Department of Acute Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | | | - Finn Ebbesen
- Department of Paediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pal B. Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Søren R. Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract
Although the modern era of transcutaneous bilirubin monitoring (TcB) began only about 35 years ago, this screening tool is now widely used in newborn nurseries and outpatient clinics, offices, and emergency departments to obtain a rapid and non-invasive estimate of the degree of hyperbilirubinemia. TcB devices have become more sophisticated, and major breakthroughs include the following: (a) ability to report a bilirubin value rather than an index value, (b) enhanced correction for chromophores other than bilirubin, and (c) technologic improvements including interface with electronic medical records. Good agreement with laboratory bilirubin measurement has been demonstrated, and the ability of TcB screening to predict and decrease the incidence of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia has been well-documented. To date, it has not been shown that this screening results in improved long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Engle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9063.
| | - Gregory L Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9063
| | - Nancy G Engle
- College of Nursing, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX
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Zhou Y, Zhang C, Yao DK, Wang LV. Photoacoustic microscopy of bilirubin in tissue phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:126019. [PMID: 23235894 PMCID: PMC3521055 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.12.126019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining both bilirubin's concentration and its spatial distribution are important in disease diagnosis. Here, for the first time, we applied quantitative multiwavelength photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to detect bilirubin concentration and distribution simultaneously. By measuring tissue-mimicking phantoms with different bilirubin concentrations, we showed that the root-mean-square error of prediction has reached 0.52 and 0.83 mg/dL for pure bilirubin and for blood-mixed bilirubin detection (with 100% oxygen saturation), respectively. We further demonstrated the capability of the PAM system to image bilirubin distribution both with and without blood. Finally, by underlaying bilirubin phantoms with mouse skins, we showed that bilirubin can be imaged with consistent accuracy down to >400 μm in depth. Our results show that PAM has potential for noninvasive bilirubin monitoring in vivo, as well as for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Chi Zhang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Da-Kang Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
- Address all correspondence to: Lihong V. Wang, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130. Tel: 314-935-9586; Fax: 314-935-7448; E-mail:
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