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Sheng B, Li P, Zhang Y, Mao L, Chen CLP. GreenSea: Visual Soccer Analysis Using Broad Learning System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS 2021; 51:1463-1477. [PMID: 32452777 DOI: 10.1109/tcyb.2020.2988792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern soccer increasingly places trust in visual analysis and statistics rather than only relying on the human experience. However, soccer is an extraordinarily complex game that no widely accepted quantitative analysis methods exist. The statistics collection and visualization are time consuming which result in numerous adjustments. To tackle this issue, we developed GreenSea, a visual-based assessment system designed for soccer game analysis, tactics, and training. The system uses a broad learning system (BLS) to train the model in order to avoid the time-consuming issue that traditional deep learning may suffer. Users are able to apply multiple views of a soccer game, and visual summarization of essential statistics using advanced visualization and animation that are available. A marking system trained by BLS is designed to perform quantitative analysis. A novel recurrent discriminative BLS (RDBLS) is proposed to carry out long-term tracking. In our RDBLS, the structure is adjusted to have better performance on the binary classification problem of the discriminative model. Several experiments are carried out to verify that our proposed RDBLS model can outperform the standard BLS and other methods. Two studies were conducted to verify the effectiveness of our GreenSea. The first study was on how GreenSea assists a youth training coach to assess each trainee's performance for selecting most potential players. The second study was on how GreenSea was used to help the U20 Shanghai soccer team coaching staff analyze games and make tactics during the 13th National Games. Our studies have shown the usability of GreenSea and the values of our system to both amateur and expert users.
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Harper G, Sommerville R, Kendrick E, Driscoll L, Slater P, Stolkin R, Walton A, Christensen P, Heidrich O, Lambert S, Abbott A, Ryder K, Gaines L, Anderson P. Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. Nature 2019; 575:75-86. [PMID: 31695206 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Harper
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Roberto Sommerville
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Kendrick
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Driscoll
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Slater
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rustam Stolkin
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,National Centre for Nuclear Robotics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Allan Walton
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Christensen
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Oliver Heidrich
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.,Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Simon Lambert
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrew Abbott
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Materials Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Karl Ryder
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Materials Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Linda Gaines
- ReCell Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Faraday Institution, ReLiB Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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