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Groll AN, Levin CS. Instrumentation and Methods to Combine Small-Animal PET With Other Imaging Modalities. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rahimi AM, Nabavizadeh F, Ashabi G, Halimi S, Rahimpour M, Vahedian J, Panahi M. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Supplementation Improved Capecitabine Protective Effect against Gastric Cancer Growth in Male BALB/c Mice. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2089-2099. [PMID: 33955797 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1832237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gastric cancer (GC) is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Herein, we studied the effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) on subcutaneous implantation of xenograft GC. Moreover, the effect of probiotics (L. rhamnosus) was compared with the capecitabine drug as known used drug against GC. Human GC tissue was obtained from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and grafted into mice armpit. Probiotic (L. rhamnosus) was given to animals by gavage 2 weeks prior to GC and 4 weeks after GC induction. Also, capecitabine was orally added through feeding tube at the last week of treatment procedure. All grafted animals received cyclosporine a day before the surgery and during the study period to prevent graft rejection. Capecitabine-probiotic complex reduced the size of the axillary implanted GC when compared with control group. Furthermore, combination of capecitabine and probiotic increased apoptotic and necrotic responses in the grafted tumor, blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts) in comparison with capecitabine. Probiotic (L. rhamnosus) administration effectively improved the therapeutic index and outcomes, and also, improved the therapeutic effects of the capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mustafa Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Electrophysiology Research Center, Neurosciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Halimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimpour
- Department of Physiology, Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Vahedian
- Department of Surgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Panahi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yin Y. Evaluation of GMI and PMI diffeomorphic-based demons algorithms for aligning PET and CT Images. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2015. [PMID: 26218993 PMCID: PMC5690013 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v16i4.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion of anatomic information in computed tomography (CT) and functional information in F18‐FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is crucial for accurate differentiation of tumor from benign masses, designing radiotherapy treatment plan and staging of cancer. Although current PET and CT images can be acquired from combined F18‐FDG PET/CT scanner, the two acquisitions are scanned separately and take a long time, which may induce potential positional errors in global and local caused by respiratory motion or organ peristalsis. So registration (alignment) of whole‐body PET and CT images is a prerequisite for their meaningful fusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of two multimodal registration algorithms for aligning PET and CT images. The proposed gradient of mutual information (GMI)‐based demons algorithm, which incorporated the GMI between two images as an external force to facilitate the alignment, was compared with the point‐wise mutual information (PMI) diffeomorphic‐based demons algorithm whose external force was modified by replacing the image intensity difference in diffeomorphic demons algorithm with the PMI to make it appropriate for multimodal image registration. Eight patients with esophageal cancer(s) were enrolled in this IRB‐approved study. Whole‐body PET and CT images were acquired from a combined F18‐FDG PET/CT scanner for each patient. The modified Hausdorff distance (dMH) was used to evaluate the registration accuracy of the two algorithms. Of all patients, the mean values and standard deviations (SDs) of dMH were 6.65 (± 1.90) voxels and 6.01 (± 1.90) after the GMI‐based demons and the PMI diffeomorphic‐based demons registration algorithms respectively. Preliminary results on oncological patients showed that the respiratory motion and organ peristalsis in PET/CT esophageal images could not be neglected, although a combined F18‐FDG PET/CT scanner was used for image acquisition. The PMI diffeomorphic‐based demons algorithm was more accurate than the GMI‐based demons algorithm in registering PET/CT esophageal images. PACS numbers: 87.57.nj, 87.57. Q‐, 87.57.uk
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Clark DP, Badea CT. Micro-CT of rodents: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Phys Med 2014; 30:619-34. [PMID: 24974176 PMCID: PMC4138257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) is an essential tool for phenotyping and for elucidating diseases and their therapies. This work is focused on preclinical micro-CT imaging, reviewing relevant principles, technologies, and applications. Commonly, micro-CT provides high-resolution anatomic information, either on its own or in conjunction with lower-resolution functional imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). More recently, however, advanced applications of micro-CT produce functional information by translating clinical applications to model systems (e.g., measuring cardiac functional metrics) and by pioneering new ones (e.g. measuring tumor vascular permeability with nanoparticle contrast agents). The primary limitations of micro-CT imaging are the associated radiation dose and relatively poor soft tissue contrast. We review several image reconstruction strategies based on iterative, statistical, and gradient sparsity regularization, demonstrating that high image quality is achievable with low radiation dose given ever more powerful computational resources. We also review two contrast mechanisms under intense development. The first is spectral contrast for quantitative material discrimination in combination with passive or actively targeted nanoparticle contrast agents. The second is phase contrast which measures refraction in biological tissues for improved contrast and potentially reduced radiation dose relative to standard absorption imaging. These technological advancements promise to develop micro-CT into a commonplace, functional and even molecular imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Clark
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C T Badea
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Daly SM, Leahy MJ. 'Go with the flow ': a review of methods and advancements in blood flow imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:217-55. [PMID: 22711377 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Physics has delivered extraordinary developments in almost every facet of modern life. From the humble thermometer and stethoscope to X-Ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and radiotherapy, our health has been transformed by these advances yielding both morphological and functional metrics. Recently high resolution label-free imaging of the microcirculation at clinically relevant depths has become available in the research domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on current imaging techniques, state-of-the-art advancements and applications, and general perspectives on the prospects for these modalities in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Daly
- Biophotonics Research Facility, Department of Physics & Energy, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Jin S, Li D, Wang H, Yin Y. Registration of PET and CT images based on multiresolution gradient of mutual information demons algorithm for positioning esophageal cancer patients. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2013; 14:3931. [PMID: 23318381 PMCID: PMC5713664 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v14i1.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate registration of 18F−FDG PET (positron emission tomography) and CT (computed tomography) images has important clinical significance in radiation oncology. PET and CT images are acquired from 18F−FDG PET/CT scanner, but the two acquisition processes are separate and take a long time. As a result, there are position errors in global and deformable errors in local caused by respiratory movement or organ peristalsis. The purpose of this work was to implement and validate a deformable CT to PET image registration method in esophageal cancer to eventually facilitate accurate positioning the tumor target on CT, and improve the accuracy of radiation therapy. Global registration was firstly utilized to preprocess position errors between PET and CT images, achieving the purpose of aligning these two images on the whole. Demons algorithm, based on optical flow field, has the features of fast process speed and high accuracy, and the gradient of mutual information‐based demons (GMI demons) algorithm adds an additional external force based on the gradient of mutual information (GMI) between two images, which is suitable for multimodality images registration. In this paper, GMI demons algorithm was used to achieve local deformable registration of PET and CT images, which can effectively reduce errors between internal organs. In addition, to speed up the registration process, maintain its robustness, and avoid the local extremum, multiresolution image pyramid structure was used before deformable registration. By quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing cases with esophageal cancer, the registration scheme proposed in this paper can improve registration accuracy and speed, which is helpful for precisely positioning tumor target and developing the radiation treatment planning in clinical radiation therapy application. PACS numbers: 87.57.nj, 87.57.Q‐, 87.57.uk
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jin
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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Automated analysis of small animal PET studies through deformable registration to an atlas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39:1807-20. [PMID: 22820650 PMCID: PMC3464388 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This work aims to develop a methodology for automated atlas-guided analysis of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) data through deformable registration to an anatomical mouse model. Methods A non-rigid registration technique is used to put into correspondence relevant anatomical regions of rodent CT images from combined PET/CT studies to corresponding CT images of the Digimouse anatomical mouse model. The latter provides a pre-segmented atlas consisting of 21 anatomical regions suitable for automated quantitative analysis. Image registration is performed using a package based on the Insight Toolkit allowing the implementation of various image registration algorithms. The optimal parameters obtained for deformable registration were applied to simulated and experimental mouse PET/CT studies. The accuracy of the image registration procedure was assessed by segmenting mouse CT images into seven regions: brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, bladder, skeleton and the rest of the body. This was accomplished prior to image registration using a semi-automated algorithm. Each mouse segmentation was transformed using the parameters obtained during CT to CT image registration. The resulting segmentation was compared with the original Digimouse atlas to quantify image registration accuracy using established metrics such as the Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance. PET images were then transformed using the same technique and automated quantitative analysis of tracer uptake performed. Results The Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance show fair to excellent agreement and a mean registration mismatch distance of about 6 mm. The results demonstrate good quantification accuracy in most of the regions, especially the brain, but not in the bladder, as expected. Normalized mean activity estimates were preserved between the reference and automated quantification techniques with relative errors below 10 % in most of the organs considered. Conclusion The proposed automated quantification technique is reliable, robust and suitable for fast quantification of preclinical PET data in large serial studies.
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Suh JW, Kwon OK, Scheinost D, Sinusas AJ, Cline GW, Papademetris X. CT-PET weighted image fusion for separately scanned whole body rat. Med Phys 2012; 39:533-42. [PMID: 22225323 PMCID: PMC3266828 DOI: 10.1118/1.3672167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The limited resolution and lack of spatial information in positron emission tomography (PET) images require the complementary anatomic information from the computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, multimodality image fusion techniques such as PET/CT are critical in mapping the functional images to structural images and thus facilitate the interpretation of PET studies. In our experimental situation, the CT and PET images are acquired in separate scanners at different times and the inherent differences in the imaging protocols produce significant nonrigid changes between the two acquisitions in addition to dissimilar image characteristics. The registration conditions are also poor because CT images have artifacts due to the limitation of current scanning settings, while PET images are very blurry (in transmission-PET) and have vague anatomical structure boundaries (in emission-PET). METHODS The authors present a new method for whole body small animal multimodal registration. In particular, the authors register whole body rat CT image and PET images using a weighted demons algorithm. The authors use both the transmission-PET and the emission-PET images in the registration process emphasizing particular regions of the moving transmission-PET image using the emission-PET image. After a rigid transformation and a histogram matching between the CT and the transmission-PET images, the authors deformably register the transmission-PET image to the CT image with weights based on the intensity-normalized emission-PET image. For the deformable registration process, the authors develop a weighted demons registration method that can give preferences to particular regions of the input image using a weight image. RESULTS The authors validate the results with nine rat image sets using the M-Hausdorff distance (M-HD) similarity measure with different outlier-suppression parameters (OSP). In comparison with standard methods such as the regular demons and the normalized mutual information (NMI)-based nonrigid free-form deformation (FFD) registration, the proposed weighted demons registration method shows average M-HD errors: 3.99 ± 1.37 (OSP = 10), 5.04 ± 1.59 (OSP = 20) and 5.92 ± 1.61 (OSP = ∞) with statistical significance (p < 0.0003) respectively, while NMI-based nonrigid FFD has average M-HD errors: 5.74 ± 1.73 (OSP = 10), 7.40 ± 7.84 (OSP = 20) and 9.83 ± 4.13 (OSP = ∞), and the regular demons has average M-HD errors: 6.79 ± 0.83 (OSP = 10), 9.19 ± 2.39 (OSP = 20) and 11.63 ± 3.99 (OSP = ∞), respectively. In addition to M-HD comparisons, the visual comparisons on the faint-edged region between the CT and the aligned PET images also show the encouraging improvements over the other methods. CONCLUSIONS In the whole body multimodal registration between CT and PET images, the utilization of both the transmission-PET and the emission-PET images in the registration process by emphasizing particular regions of the transmission-PET image using an emission-PET image is effective. This method holds promise for other image fusion applications where multiple (more than two) input images should be registered into a single informative image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung W Suh
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Similarity-based multimodality image fusion with shiftable complex directional pyramid. Pattern Recognit Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Suh JW, Kwon OK, Scheinost D, Sinusas AJ, Cline GW, Papademetris X. WHOLE BODY NONRIGID CT-PET REGISTRATION USING WEIGHTED DEMONS. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2011:1223-1226. [PMID: 23377533 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2011.5872622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a new registration method for whole-body rat computed tomography (CT) image and positron emission tomography (PET) images using a weighted demons algorithm. The CT and PET images are acquired in separate scanners at different times and the inherent differences in the imaging protocols produced significant nonrigid changes between the two acquisitions in addition to heterogeneous image characteristics. In this situation, we utilized both the transmission-PET and the emission-PET images in the deformable registration process emphasizing particular regions of the moving transmission-PET image using the emission-PET image. We validated our results with nine rat image sets using M-Hausdorff distance similarity measure. We demonstrate improved performance compared to standard methods such as Demons and normalized mutual information-based non-rigid FFD registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Suh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
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Accurate Coregistration between Ultra-High-Resolution Micro-SPECT and Circular Cone-Beam Micro-CT Scanners. Int J Biomed Imaging 2010; 2010:654506. [PMID: 20976260 PMCID: PMC2952907 DOI: 10.1155/2010/654506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Spatially registering SPECT with CT makes it possible to anatomically localize SPECT tracers. In this study, an accurate method for the coregistration of ultra-high-resolution SPECT volumes and multiple cone-beam CT volumes is developed and validated, which does not require markers during animal scanning. Methods. Transferable animal beds were developed with an accurate mounting interface. Simple calibration phantoms make it possible to obtain both the spatial transformation matrix for stitching multiple CT scans of different parts of the animal and to register SPECT and CT. The spatial transformation for image coregistration is calculated once using Horn's matching algorithm. Animal images can then be coregistered without using markers. Results. For mouse-sized objects, average coregistration errors between SPECT and CT in X, Y, and Z directions are within 0.04 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.19 mm, respectively. For rat-sized objects, these numbers are 0.22 mm, 0.14 mm, and 0.28 mm. Average 3D coregistration errors were within 0.24 mm and 0.42 mm for mouse and rat imaging, respectively. Conclusion. Extending the field-of-view of cone-beam CT by stitching is improved by prior registration of the CT volumes. The accuracy of registration between SPECT and CT is typically better than the image resolution of current ultra-high-resolution SPECT.
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Abstract
Multimodality small-animal molecular imaging has become increasingly important as transgenic and knockout mice are produced to model human diseases. With the ever-increasing number and importance of human disease models, particularly in rodents (mice and rats), the ability of high-resolution multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation to contribute unique information is becoming more common and necessary. Multimodality imaging with high spatial resolution and good sensitivity, which combines modalities and records sequentially or simultaneously complementary information, offers many advantages in certain research experiments. This article discusses the current trends and new horizons in preclinical multimodality imaging in-vivo and its role in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Stout
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI Building, Room 2151, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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The Role of High Frequency Ultrasound in Multimodality Small Animal Imaging for Cancer Research. J Med Ultrasound 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6441(09)60115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Badea CT, Drangova M, Holdsworth DW, Johnson GA. In vivo small-animal imaging using micro-CT and digital subtraction angiography. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:R319-50. [PMID: 18758005 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/19/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small-animal imaging has a critical role in phenotyping, drug discovery and in providing a basic understanding of mechanisms of disease. Translating imaging methods from humans to small animals is not an easy task. The purpose of this work is to review in vivo x-ray based small-animal imaging, with a focus on in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We present the principles, technologies, image quality parameters and types of applications. We show that both methods can be used not only to provide morphological, but also functional information, such as cardiac function estimation or perfusion. Compared to other modalities, x-ray based imaging is usually regarded as being able to provide higher throughput at lower cost and adequate resolution. The limitations are usually associated with the relatively poor contrast mechanisms and potential radiation damage due to ionizing radiation, although the use of contrast agents and careful design of studies can address these limitations. We hope that the information will effectively address how x-ray based imaging can be exploited for successful in vivo preclinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Badea
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Medina-Franco H, Soto-Germes S, Ulloa-Gómez JL, Romero-Trejo C, Uribe N, Ramirez-Alvarado CA, Robles-Vidal C. Radiofrequency Ablation of Invasive Breast Carcinomas: A Phase II Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:1689-1695. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-9875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Christian N, Lee JA, Bol A, De Bast M, Gallez B, Grégoire V. Immobilization device for in vivo and in vitro multimodality image registration of rodent tumors. Radiother Oncol 2008; 87:147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bahadur AN, Wu IQ, Weinstein DM, Davis MD, Lewis DA, Kochunov P, Keller C. Multimodality Chamber for coregistered anatomical and molecular imaging of small animals. Lab Anim (NY) 2007; 36:29-35. [PMID: 17721530 DOI: 10.1038/laban0907-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern imaging methods are applied extensively in translational animal research, and combined analysis of anatomical and functional imaging results is of increasing importance. Many imaging centers handle multiple independent animal colonies and use several imaging modalities, often in combination. The authors have developed and successfully tested a two-piece acrylic Multimodality Chamber that enables investigators to coregister images from two or more modalities, including microMR, microCT, microPET and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N Bahadur
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Liao AH, Chen LY, Cheng WF, Li PC. A three-dimensional registration method for microUS/ microPET multimodality small-animal imaging. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2007; 29:155-166. [PMID: 18092672 DOI: 10.1177/016173460702900302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Small-animal models are used extensively in disease research, genomics research, drug development and developmental biology. The development of noninvasive small-animal imaging techniques with adequate spatial resolution and sensitivity is therefore of prime importance. In particular, multimodality small-animal imaging can provide complementary information. This paper presents a method for registering high-frequency ultrasonic (microUS) images with small-animal positron-emission tomography (microPET) images. Registration is performed using six external multimodality markers, each being a glass bead with a diameter of 0.43-0.60 mm, with 0.1 microl of [18F]FDG placed in each marker holder. A small-animal holder is used to transfer mice between the microPET and microUS systems. Multimodality imaging was performed on C57BL/6J black mice bearing WF-3 ovary cancer cells in the second week after tumor implantation and rigid-body image registration of the six markers was also performed. The average registration error was 0.31 mm when all six markers were used and increased as the number of markers decreased. After image registration, image segmentation and fusion are performed on the tumor. Our multimodality small-animal imaging method allows structural information from microUS to be combined with functional information from microPET, with the preliminary results showing it to be an effective tool for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ho Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Badea CT, Hedlund LW, De Lin M, Boslego Mackel JF, Johnson GA. Tumor imaging in small animals with a combined micro-CT/micro-DSA system using iodinated conventional and blood pool contrast agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2007; 1:153-64. [PMID: 17193692 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray based micro-computed tomography (CT) and micro-digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are important non-invasive imaging modalities for following tumorogenesis in small animals. To exploit these imaging capabilities further, the two modalities were combined into a single system to provide both morphological and functional data from the same tumor in a single imaging session. The system is described and examples are given of imaging implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in rats using two types of contrast media: (a) a new generation of blood pool contrast agent containing iodine with a concentration of 130 mg/mL (Fenestratrade mark VC, Alerion Biomedical, San Diego, CA, USA) for micro-CT and (b) a conventional iodinated contrast agent (Isovue(R)-370 mg/mL iodine, trademark of Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ, USA) for micro-DSA. With the blood pool contrast agent, the 3D vascular architecture is revealed in exquisite detail at 100 microm resolution. Micro-DSA images, in perfect registration with the 3D micro-CT datasets, provide complementary functional information such as mean transit times and relative blood flow through the tumor. This imaging approach could be used to understand tumor angiogenesis better and be the basis for evaluating anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian T Badea
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Khatri VP, McGahan JP, Ramsamooj R, Griffey S, Brock J, Cronan M, Wilkendorf S. A phase II trial of image-guided radiofrequency ablation of small invasive breast carcinomas: use of saline-cooled tip electrode. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:1644-52. [PMID: 17508251 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-006-9315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local ablative therapy of breast cancer represents the next frontier in the evolution of minimally-invasive breast conservation therapy. We performed this Phase II trial to determine the efficacy and safety of Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of small invasive breast carcinomas. METHODS Seventeen patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer, < or = 1.5 cm in diameter were enrolled in this trial. Under ultrasound guidance, the tumor and a 5 mm margin of surrounding breast tissue were ablated with saline-cooled RF electrode followed by surgical resection. Pathologic and immunohistochemical stains were performed to assess tumor viability. We examined whether loss of ER, PR receptor and pancytokeratin expression following RF ablation would correlate with non-viability. RESULTS Fifteen patients completed the treatment. The mean tumor size was 1.28 cm. The mean ablation time was 21 minutes using a mean power of 35.5 watts. During ablation, the tumors became progressively echogenic that corresponded with the region of severe electrocautery injury at pathological examination. Of the 15 treated patients, NADPH viability staining was available for 14 patients and in 13 (92.8%), there was no evidence of viable malignant cells. ER, PR expression and pancytokeratin immunohistochemistry analysis were unreliable surrogates for determining non-viability. Following RF ablation, 2 patients developed skin puckering. CONCLUSIONS RF ablation is a promising minimally invasive treatment of small breast carcinomas, as it can achieve effective cell killing with a low complication rate. Further research is necessary to optimize this image-guided technique and evaluate its future role as the sole local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P Khatri
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA.
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Stinchcombe TE, Fried D, Morris DE, Socinski MA. Combined modality therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist 2006; 11:809-23. [PMID: 16880240 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-7-809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. among both men and women. Approximately 45% of patients present with stage III disease. A proportion of these patients is amenable to surgical resection; however, the majority are "unresectable." For patients with unresectable stage IIIA/B disease, thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) was considered the standard of care until the late 1980s despite a very poor 5-year survival rate. Several clinical trials demonstrated that the combination of chemotherapy and TRT was superior to TRT alone. Based on these data, combined modality therapy became the standard of care for patients with good performance status. Recent trials have shown that concurrent chemoradiotherapy offers a significant survival advantage over sequential chemoradiotherapy. Despite a substantial number of clinical trials, important questions on the optimal treatment paradigm remain. The most effective chemotherapy combination, the use of induction or consolidation chemotherapy in addition to the concurrent portion of therapy, and the optimal dose of chemotherapy with concurrent TRT have yet to be determined. The optimal total dose, fractionation, acceleration, treatment volume, and tumor targeting remain questions related to the TRT portion of therapy. Although significant progress has been made, the majority of patients experience locoregional or distant progression of their disease and die within 5 years of diagnosis. Thus, continued development and participation in clinical trials is crucial to further improvements in the treatment of patients with stage III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Stinchcombe
- Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7305, USA.
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Chow PL, Stout DB, Komisopoulou E, Chatziioannou AF. A method of image registration for small animal, multi-modality imaging. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:379-90. [PMID: 16394345 PMCID: PMC3005360 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/2/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many research institutions have a full suite of preclinical tomographic scanners to answer biomedical questions in vivo. Routine multi-modality imaging requires robust registration of images generated by various tomographs. We have implemented a hardware registration method for preclinical imaging that is similar to that used in the combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners in the clinic. We designed an imaging chamber which can be rigidly and reproducibly mounted on separate microPET and microCT scanners. We have also designed a three-dimensional grid phantom with 1288 lines that is used to generate the spatial transformation matrix from software registration using a 15-parameter perspective model. The imaging chamber works in combination with the registration phantom synergistically to achieve the image registration goal. We verified that the average registration error between two imaging modalities is 0.335 mm using an in vivo mouse bone scan. This paper also estimates the impact of image misalignment on PET quantitation using attenuation corrections generated from misregistered images. Our technique is expected to produce PET quantitation errors of less than 5%. The methods presented are robust and appropriate for routine use in high throughput animal imaging facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Chow
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Vaska P, Rubins DJ, Alexoff DL, Schiffer WK. Quantitative Imaging with the Micro‐pet Small‐Animal Pet Tomograph. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2006; 73:191-218. [PMID: 16737905 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(06)73006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vaska
- Medical Department and Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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