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Li J, Huang Y, Li J, Shi B, Cheng X. A Novel Rat Model for Muscle Regeneration and Fibrosis Studies in Surgical Lip Repair. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:678-687. [PMID: 36341784 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221136171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lip muscle undergoes suboptimal regeneration after surgical repair, but the mechanism underlying this observation remains obscure. This study provided a rat model to investigate lip muscle regeneration after surgical intervention. DESIGN This work provided a detailed description of the rat orbicularis oris muscle anatomy, and a surgically injured model was established based on the muscle anatomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Morphological and histological features of the rat orbicularis oris muscle were characterized. The processes of myogenesis and fibrogenesis were examined between the untreated and surgically injured groups. RESULTS Rat orbicularis oris muscle is encapsulated by the vermilion and oral mucosa. Although it remains a thin layer of flat muscle with tight myocutaneous and myomucosal junctions, if accessed properly, the rat orbicularis oris muscle could be isolated as a cylindrical muscle bundle with considerable size, facilitating further surgical manipulations of the muscle fibers. Muscles in steady state and after surgical intervention demonstrated distinct molecular features in the myogenesis and fibrogenesis processes, which were quantifiable in tissue section analysis. CONCLUSION The orbicularis oris muscle dissection procedures and injury model provided in this work clarify the rat lip muscle anatomy. The injury model offered a platform to analyze the effects of surgical interventions commonly used in lip repair on orbicularis oris muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggui Li
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Owayda AM. The Effectiveness of Plasma Skin Regeneration (PSR) in the Treatment of Chronic Cleft Lip Scars in an Adult Syrian Sample: A Cohort Study on a Novel Technique. Cureus 2022; 14:e32989. [PMID: 36712709 PMCID: PMC9879585 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma skin regeneration (PSR) in the treatment of cleft lip scars in cleft lip patients. Materials and methods Twenty patients, 10 females and 10 males, with a mean age of 19 years and who had a cleft lip scar, were included in the current study. All patients were treated with a plasma skin regeneration pen device in one treatment session. The thickness, relief, and pliability of the scars were assessed by external observers using a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Results The thickness, relief, and pliability of the scar were significantly improved according to the observers' opinions (51.67%, 50.25%, and 46.33%, respectively). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the PSR appeared to be safe and effective for treating cleft lip scars with minimal complications.
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Huang W, Li YH, Guo KL, Zhou YC, Li XJ. [Finite element analysis of the comprehensive impact of scar and maxillary expansion combined with protraction on the development of maxilla with cleft lip and palate after repair operation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:642-646. [PMID: 33377340 PMCID: PMC7738921 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the comprehensive impact of scar and maxillary expansion combined with protraction on the development of maxilla with cleft lip and palate after repair operation. METHODS In the original finite element model of the maxilla with cleft palate, a finite element model of the maxilla with cleft lip and palate was established by using Boolean operation in ANSYS. Scar force after cleft lip and palate repair and maxillary expansion force combined with protraction were added simultaneously to process the stress analysis. RESULTS Maxillary deformation occurred in the three-dimensional direction. The comparison of displacements was as follows: X-axis>Z-axis>Y-axis. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary growth is significantly inhibited in the three-dimensional direction under the comprehensive impact of scar and maxillary expansion combined with protraction after repair operation, especially transverse and sagittal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- Dept. of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Kai-Li Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yong-Chuan Zhou
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Li
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Hayashi-Sakai S, Kobayashi T, Sakamoto M, Hayashi T, Morise Y, Nikkuni Y, Takamura M, Sakai J, Shimomura-Kuroki J, Ike M, Nishiyama H. Quantitative evaluation of elasticity of lower orbicularis oris muscle during the lip closing measurement using sonographic elastography. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 31:361-371. [PMID: 33252057 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lip closing functions have never been evaluated from the viewpoint of elastic properties. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to investigate the behavior of the lower orbicularis oris muscle during a button-pull exercise to measure lip closing force and quantitatively evaluate its elastic properties using sonographic elastography. METHODS Appropriate compression loads for elastography were randomly measured on one of three types of acoustic couplers on three examiners. Compression tests were performed on three types of acoustic couplers within the appropriate compression load. Using the acoustic coupler with the lowest elastic modulus, the strain ratio of the lower orbicularis oris muscle during lip closing was measured, and elastography was performed on six males under tension loads of 0-8 N. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient (1, 3) for the tension load of 0 N was 0.81. Elastography showed that the strain ratio values increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the tension load increased. CONCLUSIONS Combining the data obtained from lip closing test devices and sonographic elastography enabled the muscle performance to be evaluated objectively and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taichi Kobayashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hayashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morise
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nikkuni
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Takamura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Sakai
- Department of System and Automotive Engineering, Niigata College of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makiko Ike
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Nishiyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Bartkowska P, Roszak J, Ostrowski H, Komisarek O. Botulinum toxin type A as a novel method of preventing cleft lip scar hypertrophy-A literature review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2188-2193. [PMID: 32654297 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip is a congenital development defect. Primary cleft lip repair leads to cleft scar formation. The resulting scar often undergoes hypertrophy, which negatively affects the facial esthetics, function, and patient's mental health. One of the methods used in scar therapy described in recent years is botulinum toxin injections The aim of this work is to present current knowledge about the impact of botulinum toxin A on cleft lip scar appearance and its effect on scar hypertrophy. METHODS The literature search was conducted in the English language via the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS The results show injections seem to be a promising method in cleft lip scar management. However, future studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are necessary to assess the effect of BoNT-A compared with placebo and to determine the optimal dosages and injection schemes for BoNT-A treatment in cleft lip patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bartkowska
- Students Scientific Society of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Roszak
- Students Scientific Society of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Ostrowski
- Students Scientific Society of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oskar Komisarek
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Bartkowska P, Komisarek O. Scar management in patients after cleft lip repair–Systematic review Cleft lip scar management. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1866-1876. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bartkowska
- Students Research Group of Chair and Clinic of Maxillofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics Poznan Medical University Poznan Poland
| | - Oskar Komisarek
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics Poznan Medical University Poznan Poland
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Komisarek O, Bartkowska P, Matthews-Brzozowska T. Li-hong P, Shi-jie T, Qin L. Intense pulsed light and laser treatment regimen improves scar evolution after cleft lip repair surgery. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;1-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12684. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:2050. [PMID: 31021027 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Komisarek
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, Poznań, 61-733, Polska.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bartkowska
- Students Research Group of Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthognathic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teresa Matthews-Brzozowska
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, Poznań, 61-733, Polska
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Xu Y, Bai X, Chen Y, Jiang L, Hu B, Hu B, Yu L. Application of Real-time Elastography Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10234. [PMID: 29980694 PMCID: PMC6035225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological status of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) plays a critical role in the staging and treatment of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, differential diagnosis of metastatic ALN is highly desirable in the clinic. We used real-time elastography (RTE) and gray-scale ultrasound to generate a new scoring system for determining ALN status and estimate their performance of this system. Ninety-seven ALNs were examined by both gray-scale ultrasound and RTE. The performance of gray-scale ultrasound was evaluated by the sum of scores according to its features. RTE images were determined by a modulated scoring system based on the percentage and distribution of hypoechoic cortex regions in the ALNs. Strain ratio was also calculated. Diagnostic performance was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with pathologic findings used as the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 92%, 73% and 83%, respectively, for gray-scale ultrasound; 78%, 93%, 86%, respectively, for RTE; 88%, 96% and 92%, respectively, for the combined evaluation (AUC = 0.963), and 87%, 76% and 81%, respectively, for strain ratio. Gray-scale ultrasonography had a better sensitivity than RTE (92% vs 78%, P = 0.039), while the specificity for RTE was superior to that of gray-scale ultrasonography (93% vs 73%, P = 0.012). In conclusion, RTE showed a high specificity for evaluating the ALN status and may improve the diagnostic accuracy when combined with gray-scale ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yini Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Suri S, Disthaporn S, Ross B, Tompson B, Baena D, Fisher D, Lou W. Permanent maxillary central incisor and first molar rotations in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and their relationship with absence of teeth in their vicinity. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:567-574. [PMID: 29799271 DOI: 10.2319/121117-856.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe qualitatively and quantitatively the directions and magnitudes of rotations of permanent maxillary central incisors and first molars in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and study their associations with absence of teeth in their vicinity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental casts and orthodontic records taken prior to orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting of 74 children with repaired UCLP (53 male, 21 female; aged 8.9 ± 1.0 years) were studied. Directions and magnitudes of permanent maxillary central incisor and first molar rotations were recorded. Tooth absence was confirmed from longitudinal radiographic records. Incisor and molar rotations were analyzed in relation to the absence of teeth in their vicinity. RESULTS Distolabial rotation of the permanent maxillary central incisor was noted in 77.14% on the cleft side, while distopalatal rotation was noted in 82.19% on the noncleft side. Incisor rotation was greater when a permanent tooth was present distal to the cleft side central incisor, in the greater segment. The permanent maxillary first molar showed mesiopalatal rotation, which was greater on the cleft side and when there was absence of one or more teeth in the buccal segment. CONCLUSIONS Presence and absence of teeth were associated with the severity of incisor and molar rotations in UCLP. Crowding of anterior teeth in the greater segment was associated with a greater magnitude of rotation of the cleft side permanent central incisor. Absence of one or more buccal segment teeth was associated with greater magnitude of rotation of the molar.
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Devadiga S, Desai AK, Joshi S, Gopalakrishnan K. Quantitative assessment of healthy and reconstructed cleft lip using ultrasonography. Indian J Dent 2016; 7:6-10. [PMID: 27134448 PMCID: PMC4836101 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.179377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is conducted to investigate the feasibility of echographic imaging of tissue thickness of healthy and reconstructed cleft lip. Design: Prospective study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in SDM Craniofacial Unit, Dharwad and was approved by Local Institutional Review Board. A total of 30 patients, age group ranging from 4 to 25 years, of which 15 postoperative unilateral cleft lip constituted the test group. The remaining 15 with no cleft deformities, no gross facial asymmetry, constituted the control group. The thickness of the mucosa, submucosa, muscle and full thickness of the upper lip were measured with the transversal images using ultrasonography at midpoint of philtrum, right and left side philtral ridges and vermillion border, at 1, 3, 6 months interval. Results: There was an increase in muscle thickness at the vermillion border (mean = 6.9 mm) and philtral ridge (5.9 mm). Equal muscle thickness were found between the normal and test group at 6 months follow-up in a relaxed position, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0404). Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of thickness and echo levels of various lip tissues are done with proper echographic calibration. Diagnostic potentials of this method for noninvasive evaluation of cleft lip reconstructions were achieved by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Devadiga
- Department of Oral Surgery, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Kumar Desai
- Department of Oral Surgery, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamsunder Joshi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - K Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Oral Surgery, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Volk GF, Sauer M, Pohlmann M, Guntinas-Lichius O. Reference values for dynamic facial muscle ultrasonography in adults. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:348-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Jena University Hospital; Lessingstrasse 2 D-07740 Jena Germany
- The Facial Nerve Center; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - Maik Sauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Jena University Hospital; Lessingstrasse 2 D-07740 Jena Germany
| | - Martin Pohlmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Jena University Hospital; Lessingstrasse 2 D-07740 Jena Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Jena University Hospital; Lessingstrasse 2 D-07740 Jena Germany
- The Facial Nerve Center; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
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Electrophysiological method to examine muscle fiber architecture in the upper lip in cleft-lip patients. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:51-61. [PMID: 24442556 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The upper lip's musculature comprises several muscle fiber groups with different spatial orientations for various lip movements. In the past, it has not been possible to describe these various groups and their motor units in detail with traditional methods of electromyography (EMG). The purpose of this investigation was to create a viable method for studying the architecture of upper-lip muscle fibers in patients with surgically closed cleft lip by refining the design of a flexible electrode array for multichannel EMG. METHODS Calibrated perioral photographs of 36 adult subjects were used to determine the basic geometry of an electrode array for use on different facial shapes. A total of 256 chloride silver electrodes, 1 mm in diameter, were distributed over this geometry to form a grid with interelectrode distances of 2.5 mm. Technical implementation of the electrode array was based on a modified technique used for flexible printed circuit boards. A double-sided adhesive tape with perforations was used to apply the array to the skin in the upper-lip area. Surface EMG signals were recorded while the subjects were performing various lip movements and exerting specific lip forces. The latter were recorded with a specially developed transducer. RESULTS Despite an extremely dense grid of electrodes associated with downsized contacts, the electrode array could be precisely applied to the perforated adhesive tape. The electrode array remained firmly attached to the skin even during extensive lip movements. The recorded EMG signals offered high baseline stability and a strong signal-to-noise ratio, thus, allowing us to extract individual motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). Spatiotemporal tracking of MUAPs succeeded in demonstrating the course of muscle fibers belonging to individual motor units. Pilot measurements taken on subjects with surgically closed unilateral cleft lip revealed an asymmetric distribution of muscle activity surrounding the closed cleft-lip segments. CONCLUSION Our refined noninvasive electrophysiological method is capable of providing detailed information about muscle fiber architecture and the position, size, and organization of motor units in the lip area. It is thus feasible to conduct further studies to analyze differences in muscle morphology and motor control between surgically treated cleft-lip patients and noncleft individuals.
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Grefte S, Kuijpers MAR, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW. Myogenic capacity of muscle progenitor cells from head and limb muscles. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:38-45. [PMID: 22288919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of muscles in the soft palate of patients with cleft lip and/or palate is accompanied by fibrosis, which leads to speech and feeding problems. Treatment strategies that improve muscle regeneration have only been tested in limb muscles. Therefore, in the present study the myogenic potential of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) isolated from head muscles was compared with that of limb muscles. Muscle progenitor cells were isolated from the head muscles and limb muscles of rats and cultured. The proliferation of MPCs was analysed by DNA quantification. The differentiation capacity was analysed by quantifying the numbers of fused cells, and by measuring the mRNA levels of differentiation markers. Muscle progenitor cells were stained to quantify the expression of paired box protein Pax 7 (Pax-7), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and myogenin. Proliferation was similar in the head MPCs and the limb MPCs. Differentiating head and limb MPCs showed a comparable number of fused cells and mRNA expression levels of myosin-1 (Myh1), myosin-3 (Myh3), and myosin-4 (Myh4). During proliferation and differentiation, the number of Pax-7(+), MyoD(+), and myogenin(+) cells in head and limb MPCs was equal. It was concluded that head and limb MPCs show similar myogenic capacities in vitro. Therefore, in vivo myogenic differences between those muscles might rely on the local microenvironment. Thus, regenerative strategies for limb muscles might also be used for head muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Grefte
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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