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Li Z, Fu Z, Keerthivasan M, Bilgin A, Johnson K, Galons JP, Vedantham S, Martin DR, Altbach MI. Rapid high-resolution volumetric T 1 mapping using a highly accelerated stack-of-stars Look Locker technique. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 79:28-37. [PMID: 33722634 PMCID: PMC8107135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a fast volumetric T1 mapping technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stack-of-stars (SOS) Look Locker technique based on the acquisition of undersampled radial data (>30× relative to Nyquist) and an efficient multi-slab excitation scheme is presented. A principal-component based reconstruction is used to reconstruct T1 maps. Computer simulations were performed to determine the best choice of partitions per slab and degree of undersampling. The technique was validated in phantoms against reference T1 values measured with a 2D Cartesian inversion-recovery spin-echo technique. The SOS Look Locker technique was tested in brain (n = 4) and prostate (n = 5). Brain T1 mapping was carried out with and without kz acceleration and results between the two approaches were compared. Prostate T1 mapping was compared to standard techniques. A reproducibility study was conducted in brain and prostate. Statistical analyses were performed using linear regression and Bland Altman analysis. RESULTS Phantom T1 values showed excellent correlations between SOS Look Locker and the inversion-recovery spin-echo reference (r2 = 0.9965; p < 0.0001) and between SOS Look Locker with slab-selective and non-slab selective inversion pulses (r2 = 0.9999; p < 0.0001). In vivo results showed that full brain T1 mapping (1 mm3) with kz acceleration is achieved in 4 min 21 s. Full prostate T1 mapping (0.9 × 0.9 × 4 mm3) is achieved in 2 min 43 s. T1 values for brain and prostate were in agreement with literature values. A reproducibility study showed coefficients of variation in the range of 0.18-0.2% (brain) and 0.15-0.18% (prostate). CONCLUSION A rapid volumetric T1 mapping technique was developed. The technique enables high-resolution T1 mapping with adequate anatomical coverage in a clinically acceptable time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Zhiyang Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Mahesh Keerthivasan
- Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Siemens Healthcare USA, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Ali Bilgin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | - Diego R Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Maria I Altbach
- Department of Medical Imaging, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Misaka T, Asato N, Ono Y, Ota Y, Kobayashi T, Umehara K, Ota J, Uemura M, Ashikaga R, Ishida T. Image quality improvement of single-shot turbo spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging of female pelvis using a convolutional neural network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23138. [PMID: 33217817 PMCID: PMC7676607 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a deep learning-based approach to improve image quality of single-shot turbo spin-echo (SSTSE) images of female pelvis. We aimed to compare the deep learning-based single-shot turbo spin-echo (DL-SSTSE) images of female pelvis with turbo spin-echo (TSE) and conventional SSTSE images in terms of image quality.One hundred five and 21 subjects were used as training and test sets, respectively. We performed 6-fold cross validation. In the training process, low-quality images were generated from TSE images as input. TSE images were used as ground truth images. In the test process, the trained convolutional neural network was applied to SSTSE images. The output images were denoted as DL-SSTSE images. Apart from DL-SSTSE images, classical filtering methods were adopted to SSTSE images. Generated images were denoted as F-SSTSE images. Contrast ratio (CR) of gluteal fat and myometrium and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of gluteal fat were measured for all images. Two radiologists graded these images using a 5-point scale and evaluated the image quality with regard to overall image quality, contrast, noise, motion artifact, boundary sharpness of layers in the uterus, and the conspicuity of the ovaries. CRs, SNRs, and image quality scores were compared using the Steel-Dwass multiple comparison tests.CRs and SNRs were significantly higher in DL-SSTSE, F-SSTSE, and TSE images than in SSTSE images. Scores with regard to overall image quality, contrast, noise, and boundary sharpness of layers in the uterus were significantly higher on DL-SSTSE and TSE images than on SSTSE images. There were no significant differences in the CRs, SNRs, and respective scores between DL-SSTSE and TSE images. The score with regard to motion artifacts was significantly higher on DL-SSTSE, F-SSTSE, and SSTSE images than on TSE images. The score with regard to the conspicuity of ovaries was significantly higher on DL-SSTSE images than on F-SSTSE, SSTSE, and TSE images (P < .001).DL-SSTSE images showed higher image quality as compared with SSTSE images. In comparison with conventional TSE images, DL-SSTSE images had acceptable image quality while keeping the advantage of the motion artifact-robustness and acquisition time efficiency in SSTSE imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara
| | - Nobuyuki Asato
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara
| | - Yukihiko Ono
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara
| | - Yukino Ota
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka
| | - Takuma Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka
| | - Kensuke Umehara
- Medical Informatics Section, QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
- Applied MRI Research Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junko Ota
- Medical Informatics Section, QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
- Applied MRI Research Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uemura
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara
| | - Ryuichiro Ashikaga
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, Nara
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka
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Luo H, Zhu A, Wiens CN, Starekova J, Shimakawa A, Reeder SB, Johnson KM, Hernando D. Free-breathing liver fat and R 2 ∗ quantification using motion-corrected averaging based on a nonlocal means algorithm. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:653-666. [PMID: 32738089 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a motion-robust chemical shift-encoded (CSE) method with high signal-to-noise (SNR) for accurate quantification of liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R 2 ∗ . METHODS A free-breathing multi-repetition 2D CSE acquisition with motion-corrected averaging using nonlocal means (NLM) was proposed. PDFF and R 2 ∗ quantified with 2D CSE-NLM were compared to two alternative 2D techniques: direct averaging and single acquisition (2D 1ave) in a digital phantom. Further, 2D NLM was compared in patients to 3D techniques (standard breath-hold, free-breathing and navigated), and the alternative 2D techniques. A reader study and quantitative analysis (Bland-Altman, correlation analysis, paired Student's t-test) were performed to evaluate the image quality and assess PDFF and R 2 ∗ measurements in regions of interest. RESULTS In simulations, 2D NLM resulted in lower standard deviations (STDs) of PDFF (2.7%) and R 2 ∗ (8.2 s - 1 ) compared to direct averaging (PDFF: 3.1%, R 2 ∗ : 13.6 s - 1 ) and 2D 1ave (PDFF: 8.7%, R 2 ∗ : 33.2 s - 1 ). In patients, 2D NLM resulted in fewer motion artifacts than 3D free-breathing and 3D navigated, less signal loss than 2D direct averaging, and higher SNR than 2D 1ave. Quantitatively, the STDs of PDFF and R 2 ∗ of 2D NLM were comparable to those of 2D direct averaging (p>0.05). 2D NLM reduced bias, particularly in R 2 ∗ (-5.73 to -0.36 s - 1 ) that arises in direct averaging (-3.96 to 11.22 s - 1 ) in the presence of motion. CONCLUSIONS 2D CSE-NLM enables accurate mapping of PDFF and R 2 ∗ in the liver during free-breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Luo
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ante Zhu
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Curtis N Wiens
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jitka Starekova
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ann Shimakawa
- Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Rabanillo-Viloria I, Zhu A, Aja-Fernández S, Alberola-López C, Hernando D. Computation of exact g-factor maps in 3D GRAPPA reconstructions. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1353-1367. [PMID: 30229566 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the noise distributions in 3D-MRI accelerated acquisitions reconstructed with GRAPPA using an exact noise propagation analysis that operates directly in k-space. THEORY AND METHODS We exploit the extensive symmetries and separability in the reconstruction steps to account for the correlation between all the acquired k-space samples. Monte Carlo simulations and multi-repetition phantom experiments were conducted to test both the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method; a high-resolution in-vivo experiment was performed to assess the applicability of our method to clinical scenarios. RESULTS Our theoretical derivation shows that the direct k-space analysis renders an exact noise characterization under the assumptions of stationarity and uncorrelation in the original k-space. Simulations and phantom experiments provide empirical support to the theoretical proof. Finally, the high-resolution in-vivo experiment demonstrates the ability of the proposed method to assess the impact of the sub-sampling pattern on the overall noise behavior. CONCLUSIONS By operating directly in the k-space, the proposed method is able to provide an exact characterization of noise for any Cartesian pattern sub-sampled along the two phase-encoding directions. Exploitation of the symmetries and separability into independent blocks through the image reconstruction procedure allows us to overcome the computational challenges related to the very large size of the covariance matrices involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ante Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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