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Salazar FMV, Arcila IDP. In silico study about the influence of electroporation parameters on the cellular internalization, spatial uniformity, and cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs using the Method of Fundamental Solutions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:713-749. [PMID: 37989990 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Reversible electroporation is a suitable technique to aid the internalization of medicaments in cancer tissues without inducing permanent cellular damage, allowing the enhancement of cytotoxic effects without incurring in electric-driven necrotic or apoptotic processes by the presence of non-reversible aqueous pores. An adequate selection of electroporation parameters acquires relevance to reach these goals and avoid opposite effects. This work applies the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) for drug transport simulations in electroporated cancer tissues, using a continuum tumor cord approach and considering both electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction effects. The MFS algorithm is validated with published results, obtaining satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Then, MFS simulations are executed to study the influence of electric field magnitude [Formula: see text], number of electroporation treatments [Formula: see text], and electroporation time [Formula: see text] on three assessment parameters of electrochemotherapy: the internationalization efficacy accounting for the ability of the therapy to introduce moles into viable cells, cell-kill capacity indicating the faculty to reduce the survival fraction of cancer cells, and distribution uniformity specifying the competence to supply drug homogeneously through the whole tissue domain. According to numerical results, when [Formula: see text] is the reversibility threshold, a positive influence on the first two parameters is only possible once specific values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have been exceeded; when [Formula: see text] is just the irreversibility threshold, any combination of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is beneficial. On the other hand, the drug distribution uniformity is always adversely affected by the application of electric pulses, being this more noticeable as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Mauricio Vélez Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación E Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Iván David Patiño Arcila
- Grupo de Investigación E Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia.
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2
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Balantič K, Weiss VU, Pittenauer E, Miklavčič D, Kramar P. The role of lipid oxidation on electrical properties of planar lipid bilayers and its importance for understanding electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108498. [PMID: 37399652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a useful tool for the manipulation with the cell membrane permeability. Underlying physicochemical processes taking place at the molecular level during electroporation are relatively well studied. However, various processes remain unknown, one of them is lipid oxidation, a chain reaction that causes degradation of lipids, and might explain the long-lasting membrane permeability after the electric field has ceased. The aim of our study was to observe the differences in the electrical properties of planar lipid bilayers, as in vitro cell membrane models, due to lipid oxidation. Phospholipids were chemically oxidized and oxidation products were analysed using mass spectrometry. Electrical properties, resistance R (Ω) and capacitance C (F) were measured using an LCR meter. Using a previously developed measuring device, a linear increasing signal was applied to a stable bilayer in order to measure its breakdown voltage Ubr (V) and lifetime tbr (µs). We observed an increase in conductance and capacitance of the oxidized planar lipid bilayers when compared to their non-oxidized counterparts. With increasing lipid oxidation, the core of the bilayer becomes more polar, and consequently more permeable. Our findings can explain the long-lasting permeability of the cell membrane after electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Balantič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia
| | - Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kramar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia.
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Smirnova EY, Anosov AA. Bilayer Lipid Membrane as Memcapacitance: Capacitance-Voltage Pinched Hysteresis and Negative Insertion Conductance. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:97. [PMID: 36676904 PMCID: PMC9861822 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic (dissipative) effects of different natures in lipid bilayer membranes can lead to hysteresis phenomena. Early, it was shown that lipid bilayer membranes, under the action of a periodic sinusoidal voltage, demonstrate pinched-hysteresis loops in the experimental capacitance-voltage dependences and are almost the only example of the physical implementation of memcapacitance. Here, we propose an equivalent circuit and mathematical framework for analyzing the dynamic nonlinear current response of a lipid bilayer membrane as an externally controlled memcapacitance. Solving a nonlinear differential equation for the equivalent circuit of a membrane in the form of a parallel connection of a nonlinear viscoelastic capacitor and an active resistance using the small parameter method, we obtain explicit analytical dependences for the current response of the membrane and pinched-hysteresis loops. The explicit solutions and their comparison with experimental data allow us to identify the lumped equivalent circuit parameters that govern the memcapacitor behavior of the membrane and hence the magnitude of the hysteresis. We quantify the memcapacitance hysteresis in terms of negative work done by the control signal. An analysis of the formulas leads to the conclusion that the determining factor for the appearance of pinched hysteresis is the type of nonlinear dependence of the device capacitance on voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu. Smirnova
- The Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Anosov
- The Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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Wang F, Lin S, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Cao C, Wang Z, Cui D, Chen D. Recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation techniques for cell membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2624-2646. [PMID: 35775630 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a fundamental technique for applications in biotechnology. To date, the ongoing research on cell membrane electroporation has explored its mechanism, principles and potential applications. Therefore, in this review, we first discuss the primary electroporation mechanism to help establish a clear framework. Within the context of its principles, several critical terms are highlighted to present a better understanding of the theory of aqueous pores. Different degrees of electroporation can be used in different applications. Thus, we discuss the electric factors (shock strength, shock duration, and shock frequency) responsible for the degree of electroporation. In addition, finding an effective electroporation detection method is of great significance to optimize electroporation experiments. Accordingly, we summarize several primary electroporation detection methods in the following sections. Finally, given the development of micro- and nano-technology has greatly promoted the innovation of microfluidic-based electroporation devices, we also present the recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation devices. Also, the challenges and outlook of the electroporation technique for cell membrane electroporation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices (AEMD), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Visockis M, Bobinaitė R, Ruzgys P, Barakauskas J, Markevičius V, Viškelis P, Šatkauskas S. Assessment of plant tissue disintegration degree and its related implications in the pulsed electric field (PEF)–assisted aqueous extraction of betalains from the fresh red beetroot. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Water Pores in Planar Lipid Bilayers at Fast and Slow Rise of Transmembrane Voltage. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040263. [PMID: 33916447 PMCID: PMC8067013 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basic understanding of the barrier properties of biological membranes can be obtained by studying model systems, such as planar lipid bilayers. Here, we study water pores in planar lipid bilayers in the presence of transmembrane voltage. Planar lipid bilayers were exposed to fast and slow linearly increasing voltage and current signals. We measured the capacitance, breakdown voltage, and rupture time of planar lipid bilayers composed of 1-pamitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-pamitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS), and a mixture of both lipids in a 1:1 ratio. Based on the measurements, we evaluated the change in the capacitance of the planar lipid bilayer corresponding to water pores, the radius of water pores at membrane rupture, and the fraction of the area of the planar lipid bilayer occupied by water pores.planar lipid bilayer capacitance, which corresponds to water pores, water pore radius at the membrane rupture, and a fraction of the planar lipid bilayer area occupied by water pores. The estimated pore radii determining the rupture of the planar lipid bilayer upon fast build-up of transmembrane voltage are 0.101 nm, 0.110 nm, and 0.106 nm for membranes composed of POPC, POPS, and POPC:POPS, respectively. The fraction of the surface occupied by water pores at the moment of rupture of the planar lipid bilayer The fraction of an area that is occupied by water pores at the moment of planar lipid bilayer rupture is in the range of 0.1–1.8%.
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Vélez Salazar FM, Patiño Arcila ID, Ruiz Villa CA. Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3304. [PMID: 31899585 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a widely used method consisting of application of high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses to increase cell membrane permeability, allowing cellular internalization of medications. In this work, the influence of two primary parameters, voltage level (V) and pulse spacing (N), on electroporation efficiency, uniformity and aggressiveness, as quantified by the total mass transport to viable cells, intracellular concentration gradients and an aggressiveness factor introduced here, is studied by means of numerical simulations of drug transport in electroporated tissues. The global method of approximate particular solutions (Global MAPS) is used to solve the governing equations, together with domain scaling, singular value decomposition and smoothing algorithms, to address the ill-conditioning of the final system and suppress small scale oscillations. The accuracy of Global MAPS is evaluated by comparing the initial extracellular concentration, Ce , and final intracellular concentration, Ci , with previous finite volume method results, obtaining similar behavior of Ce and Ci along the tissue domain, with some differences for Ci in high-gradient zones. According to the Global MAPS results, the influence of V and N on Ci is only significant over a certain range, within which the largest drug transport to viable cells occurs. In general, both electroporation efficiency and aggressiveness change in nonuniform manner with V and decrease with N, whereas the electroporation uniformity decreases as V increases and N decreases. The contour plots obtained here can be considered useful tools to compare electroporation-based treatments in terms of their efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity, assisting in the selection of a suitable treatment plan for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián M Vélez Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Ambiental - GIIAM, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo - IU Pascual Bravo, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Iván D Patiño Arcila
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Ambiental - GIIAM, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo - IU Pascual Bravo, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Ruiz Villa
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación, Desarrollo y Transferencia de Tecnología - CI2DT2, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Informática y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia
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8
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Kotnik T, Rems L, Tarek M, Miklavčič D. Membrane Electroporation and Electropermeabilization: Mechanisms and Models. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:63-91. [PMID: 30786231 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of biological cells to high-voltage, short-duration electric pulses causes a transient increase in their plasma membrane permeability, allowing transmembrane transport of otherwise impermeant molecules. In recent years, large steps were made in the understanding of underlying events. Formation of aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer is now a widely recognized mechanism, but evidence is growing that changes to individual membrane lipids and proteins also contribute, substantiating the need for terminological distinction between electroporation and electropermeabilization. We first revisit experimental evidence for electrically induced membrane permeability, its correlation with transmembrane voltage, and continuum models of electropermeabilization that disregard the molecular-level structure and events. We then present insights from molecular-level modeling, particularly atomistic simulations that enhance understanding of pore formation, and evidence of chemical modifications of membrane lipids and functional modulation of membrane proteins affecting membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to our full understanding of electroporation and electropermeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Kotnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Lea Rems
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
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9
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Batista Napotnik T, Miklavčič D. In vitro electroporation detection methods – An overview. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 120:166-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Jiang C, Davalos RV, Bischof JC. A review of basic to clinical studies of irreversible electroporation therapy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:4-20. [PMID: 25389236 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2367543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) for cancer treatment has increased sharply over the past decade. As a nonthermal therapy, IRE offers several potential benefits over other focal therapies, which include 1) short treatment delivery time, 2) reduced collateral thermal injury, and 3) the ability to treat tumors adjacent to major blood vessels. These advantages have stimulated widespread interest in basic through clinical studies of IRE. For instance, many in vitro and in vivo studies now identify treatment planning protocols (IRE threshold, pulse parameters, etc.), electrode delivery (electrode design, placement, intraoperative imaging methods, etc.), injury evaluation (methods and timing), and treatment efficacy in different cancer models. Therefore, this study reviews the in vitro, translational, and clinical studies of IRE cancer therapy based on major experimental studies particularly within the past decade. Further, this study provides organized data and facts to assist further research, optimization, and clinical applications of IRE.
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Torosyan A, Arakelyan V. Influence of H2TOEtPyP4 porphyrin on the stability and conductivity of bilayer lipid membranes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:745-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Monovalent ions and water dipoles in contact with dipolar zwitterionic lipid headgroups-theory and MD simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2846-61. [PMID: 23434651 PMCID: PMC3588018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid bilayer is a basic building block of biological membranes and can be pictured as a barrier separating two compartments filled with electrolyte solution. Artificial planar lipid bilayers are therefore commonly used as model systems to study the physical and electrical properties of the cell membranes in contact with electrolyte solution. Among them the glycerol-based polar phospholipids which have dipolar, but electrically neutral head groups, are most frequently used in formation of artificial lipid bilayers. In this work the electrical properties of the lipid layer composed of zwitterionic lipids with non-zero dipole moments are studied theoretically. In the model, the zwitterionic lipid bilayer is assumed to be in contact with aqueous solution of monovalent salt ions. The orientational ordering of water, resulting in spatial variation of permittivity, is explicitly taken into account. It is shown that due to saturation effect in orientational ordering of water dipoles the relative permittivity in the zwitterionic headgroup region is decreased, while the corresponding electric potential becomes strongly negative. Some of the predictions of the presented mean-field theoretical consideration are critically evaluated using the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
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Kramar P, Delemotte L, Maček Lebar A, Kotulska M, Tarek M, Miklavčič D. Molecular-level characterization of lipid membrane electroporation using linearly rising current. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:651-9. [PMID: 22886207 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present experimental and theoretical results of electroporation of small patches of planar lipid bilayers by means of linearly rising current. The experiments were conducted on ~120-μm-diameter patches of planar phospholipid bilayers. The steadily increasing voltage across the bilayer imposed by linearly increasing current led to electroporation of the membrane for voltages above a few hundred millivolts. This method shows new molecular mechanisms of electroporation. We recorded small voltage drops preceding the breakdown of the bilayer due to irreversible electroporation. These voltage drops were often followed by a voltage re-rise within a fraction of a second. Modeling the observed phenomenon by equivalent electric circuits showed that these events relate to opening and closing of conducting pores through the bilayer. Molecular dynamics simulations performed under similar conditions indicate that each event is likely to correspond to the opening and closing of a single pore of about 5 nm in diameter, the conductance of which ranges in the 100-nS scale. This combined experimental and theoretical investigation provides a better quantitative characterization of the size, conductance and lifetime of pores created during lipid bilayer electroporation. Such a molecular insight should enable better control and tuning of electroporation parameters for a wide range of biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kramar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dumas C, El Zein R, Dallaporta H, Charrier AM. Autonomic self-healing lipid monolayer: a new class of ultrathin dielectric. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13643-7. [PMID: 21967619 DOI: 10.1021/la202333n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The electrical performance of stabilized lipid monolayers on H-terminated silicon is reported for the first time. We show that these 2.7 nm thick only ultrathin layers present extremely low current leakage at high electric field and high breakdown voltage that both compare favorably with the best data reported on organic thin film dielectrics. We demonstrate a very unique property of autonomic self-healing of the layer at room temperature with the total recovery of its performance after electrical breakdown. The mechanisms involved in breakdown and self-healing are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Dumas
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM, UPR CNRS 3118, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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15
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Kramar P, Miklavčič D, Kotulska M, Lebar AM. Voltage- and Current-Clamp Methods for Determination of Planar Lipid Bilayer Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(10)11002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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