Neural network implementation using bit streams

Deep learning tackles single-cell analysis-a survey of deep learning for scRNA-seq analysis

Since its selection as the method of the year in 2013, single-cell technologies have become mature enough to provide answers to complex research questions. With the growth of single-cell profiling technologies, there has also been a significant increase in data collected from single-cell profilings, resulting in computational challenges to process these massive and complicated datasets. To address these challenges, deep learning (DL) is positioned as a competitive alternative for single-cell analyses besides the traditional machine learning approaches. Here, we survey a total of 25 DL algorithms and their applicability for a specific step in the single cell RNA-seq processing pipeline. Specifically, we establish a unified mathematical representation of variational autoencoder, autoencoder, generative adversarial network and supervised DL models, compare the training strategies and loss functions for these models, and relate the loss functions of these models to specific objectives of the data processing step. Such a presentation will allow readers to choose suitable algorithms for their particular objective at each step in the pipeline. We envision that this survey will serve as an important information portal for learning the application of DL for scRNA-seq analysis and inspire innovative uses of DL to address a broader range of new challenges in emerging multi-omics and spatial single-cell sequencing.

The correspondence between deterministic and stochastic digital neurons: analysis and methodology

This paper analyzes the criteria for the direct correspondence between a deterministic neural network and its stochastic counterpart, and presents the guidelines that have been derived to establish such a correspondence during the design of a neural network application. In particular, the role of the slope and bias of the neuron activation function and that of the noise of its output have been addressed, thus filling a specific literature gap. This paper presents the results that have been theoretically derived in this regard, together with the simulations of few relevant application examples that have been performed to support them.