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Hao J, High R, Siu KC. Gender-specific visual perturbation effects on muscle activation during incline treadmill walking: a virtual reality study. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:704-715. [PMID: 35965444 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different visual rotation speeds and types of visual perturbation in virtual reality (VR) on lower extremity muscle activation during incline treadmill walking. Twenty healthy young adults walked on an incline treadmill with six different visual perturbation paradigms in VR (normal VR, 10°/s rotation, 20°/s rotation, 30°/s rotation, 60°/s rotation, and random speed rotation). Muscle activation of the lower extremity was measured by surface electromyography. Results showed an increased visual rotation speed induced higher vastus lateralis and lateral gastrocnemius activation. Females and males had different responses to increased visual rotation speed in vastus lateralis. Random speed rotation induced higher medial hamstring activation than constant speed rotation, in which was more pronounced in females. In conclusion, the amount of visual perturbation should be taken into consideration when developing future VR training for astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robin High
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ka-Chun Siu
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Wang L, Huang M, Yang R, Liang HN, Han J, Sun Y. Survey of Movement Reproduction in Immersive Virtual Rehabilitation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023; 29:2184-2202. [PMID: 35015645 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3142198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a powerful tool for rehabilitation. Many effective VR applications have been developed to support motor rehabilitation of people affected by motor issues. Movement reproduction, which transfers users' movements from the physical world to the virtual environment, is commonly used in VR rehabilitation applications. Three major components are required for movement reproduction in VR: (1) movement input, (2) movement representation, and (3) movement modulation. Until now, movement reproduction in virtual rehabilitation has not yet been systematically studied. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review on this subject by focusing on existing literature on immersive motor rehabilitation using VR. In this review, we provided in-depth discussions on the rehabilitation goals and outcomes, technology issues behind virtual rehabilitation, and user experience regarding movement reproduction. Similarly, we present good practices and highlight challenges and opportunities that can form constructive suggestions for the design and development of fit-for-purpose VR rehabilitation applications and can help frame future research directions for this emerging area that combines VR and health.
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Doré B, Gaudreault A, Everard G, Ayena JC, Abboud A, Robitaille N, Batcho CS. Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Technologies to Promote Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2506. [PMID: 36904709 PMCID: PMC10007244 DOI: 10.3390/s23052506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This review aimed to synthesize the literature on the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive virtual technologies to promote physical exercise in older people. METHOD We performed a literature review, based on four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus; last search: 30 January 2023). Eligible studies had to use immersive technology with participants aged 60 years and over. The results regarding acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of immersive technology-based interventions in older people were extracted. The standardized mean differences were then computed using a random model effect. RESULTS In total, 54 relevant studies (1853 participants) were identified through search strategies. Concerning the acceptability, most participants reported a pleasant experience and a desire to use the technology again. The average increase in the pre/post Simulator Sickness Questionnaire score was 0.43 in healthy subjects and 3.23 in subjects with neurological disorders, demonstrating this technology's feasibility. Regarding the effectiveness, our meta-analysis showed a positive effect of the use of virtual reality technology on balance (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.75-1.36; p < 0.001) and gait outcomes (SMD = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.14-0.80; p < 0.001). However, these results suffered from inconsistency and the number of trials dealing with these outcomes remains low, calling for further studies. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality seems to be well accepted by older people and its use with this population is feasible. However, more studies are needed to conclude its effectiveness in promoting exercise in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doré
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alex Gaudreault
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gauthier Everard
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Johannes C. Ayena
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Abboud
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | | | - Charles Sebiyo Batcho
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
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Yuan J, Bai X, Driscoll B, Liu M, Huang H, Feng J. Standing and Walking Attention Visual Field (SWAVF) task: A new method to assess visuospatial attention during walking. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 104:103804. [PMID: 35635940 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visuospatial attention during walking has been associated with pedestrian safety and fall risks. However, visuospatial attention measures during walking remained under-explored. Current studies introduced a newly-developed Standing and Walking Visual Attention Field (SWAVF) task to assess visuospatial attention during walking and examined its reliability, validity, and stability. Thirty young adults completed a traditional computerized Attention Visual Field (AVF) task while sitting, and the SWAVF task under walking and standing settings. Nine participants also performed the SWAVF task under additional distraction conditions. Results showed good split-half reliability during standing (r = 0.70) and walking (r = 0.69), moderate concurrent validity with the sitting AVF task (r = 0.42), moderate convergent validity between the standing and walking settings (r = 0.69), good construct validity, and moderate rank-order stability (r = 0.53). Overall, the SWAVF task showed good psychometric properties. Potential applications to the evaluation of prosthetic and other exoskeleton devices, smart glasses, and ground-level traffic lights or signs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, NC, USA.
| | - Xiaolu Bai
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, NC, USA.
| | - Brendan Driscoll
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ming Liu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - He Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, NC, USA.
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Li X, He B, Deng Z, Chen Y, Wang D, Fan Y, Su H, Yu H. A Center of Mass Estimation and Control Strategy for Body-Weight-Support Treadmill Training. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2388-2398. [PMID: 34748495 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Walking disorders are common in post-stroke. Body weight support (BWS) systems have been proposed and proven to enhance gait training systems for recovering in individuals with hemiplegia. However, the fixed weight support and walking speed increase the risk of falling and decrease the active participation of the subjects. This paper proposes a strategy to enhance the efficiency of BWS treadmill training. It consists in regulating the height of the BWS system to track the height of the subject's center of mass (CoM), whereby the CoM is estimated through a long-short term memory (LSTM) network and a locomotion recognition system. The LSTM network takes the walking speed, body-height to leg-length ratio, hip and knee joint angles of the hemiplegic subjects' non-paretic side from the locomotion recognition system as input signals and outputs the CoM height to a BWS treadmill training robot. Besides, the hip and knee joints' ranges of motion are increased by 34.54% and 25.64% under the CoM height regulation compared to the constant weight support, respectively. With the CoM height regulation strategy, the stance phase duration of the paretic side is significantly increased by 14.6% of the gait cycle, and the symmetry of the gait is also promoted. The CoM height kinematics by adjustment strategy is in good agreement with the mean values of the 14 non-disabled subjects, which demonstrated that the adjustment strategy improves the stability of CoM height during the training.
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Liu S, Liu Z, Alfred Daniel J, Deepa Thilak K. AI with Robotics for leg support to skiers and snowboarders. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-219012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In general, Robotics is the area concerned with the linking of perception to action, and AI must have a central role in Robotics if the association is to be intelligent. Skiing and Snowboarding are famous winter games worldwide, enjoyed by participants of all ages and skill levels. Leg dominance has been recounted as a probable risk factor in downhill skiers for lower-limb injuries. Furthermore, snowboarders are more likely to injure their ankles than alpine skiers. To overcome these issues, in this paper, the Artificial Intelligence assisted Statistical model (AIASM) has been proposed to the smart robotic supporting leg for skiers and snowboarders. This paper introduces the concept and study of a robotic modular leg (RML) system with a reduced degree of freedom (DOF). The RML gives a perspective on physics that uses dynamic skiing methods and strategies to produce functional ski movements. Kinematic and dynamic models for the leg system are developed and used for modeling tendency, angle, and measurement, unweighting technique to create balanced and realistic curvature turns and peaks. The experimental results show that the suggested system has a performance rate of 95.31% with different ski movements at various intervals, curves, diameters, and peak shapes for tracking the desired footpath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Department of Ice and Snow Sports, Hebei Institute of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Soltani P, Andrade R. The Influence of Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays on Balance Outcomes and Training Paradigms: A Systematic Review. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 2:531535. [PMID: 33634259 PMCID: PMC7902044 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.531535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Falls are the leading causes of (non)fatal injuries in older adults. Recent research has developed interventions that aim to improve balance in older adults using virtual reality (VR). Purpose: We aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, safety, feasibility, and efficacy of head mounted display (HMD) systems for assessing and training balance in older adults. Methods: We searched EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases until 1 September 2020 to find studies that used HMD systems for assessing or training balance. The methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of Downs and Black. We also appraised the risk of bias using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS). Results: A total of 19 articles (637 participants) were included for review. Despite heterogenous age ranges and clinical conditions across studies, VR HMD systems were valid to assess balance and could be useful for fall prevention and for improving postural control and gait patterns. These systems also have the capacity to differentiate healthy and balance-impaired individuals. During VR versions of traditional balance tests, older adults generally acquire a cautious behavior and take more time to complete the tasks. Conclusion: VR HMD systems can offer ecologically valid scenarios to assess and train functional balance and can be used alone or in addition to other interventions. New norms and protocols should be defined according to participants' age, health status, and severity of their illness when using VR HMD systems for balance assessment and training. For safe and feasible training, attention must be given to display type, VR elements and scenarios, duration of exposure, and system usability. Due to high risk of bias and overall poor quality of the studies, further research is needed on the effectiveness of HMD VR training in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Soltani
- Department of Computer Science, Department of Health, Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications (CAMERA), University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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