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Scholtz V, Vaňková E, Kašparová P, Premanath R, Karunasagar I, Julák J. Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of ESKAPE Pathogens: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737635. [PMID: 34712211 PMCID: PMC8546340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronym ESKAPE refers to a group of bacteria consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. They are important in human medicine as pathogens that show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics; thus, the search for new effective bactericidal agents is still topical. One of the possible alternatives is the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partially ionized gas with the energy stored particularly in the free electrons, which has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects. Its mechanism of action includes the formation of pores in the bacterial membranes; therefore, resistance toward it is not developed. This paper focuses on the current overview of literature describing the use of NTP as a new promising tool against ESKAPE bacteria, both in planktonic and biofilm forms. Thus, it points to the fact that NTP treatment can be used for the decontamination of different types of liquids, medical materials, and devices or even surfaces used in various industries. In summary, the use of diverse experimental setups leads to very different efficiencies in inactivation. However, Gram-positive bacteria appear less susceptible compared to Gram-negative ones, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Kašparová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ramya Premanath
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Muraca GS, Soler-Arango J, Castro GR, Islan GA, Brelles-Mariño G. Improving ciprofloxacin antimicrobial activity through lipid nanoencapsulation or non-thermal plasma on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Non-Thermal Methods for Ensuring the Microbiological Quality and Safety of Seafood. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A literature search and systematic review were conducted to present and discuss the most recent research studies for the past twenty years on the application of non-thermal methods for ensuring the microbiological safety and quality of fish and seafood. This review presents the principles and reveals the potential benefits of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HHP), ultrasounds (US), non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), and electrolyzed water (EW) as alternative methods to conventional heat treatments. Some of these methods have already been adopted by the seafood industry, while others show promising results in inactivating microbial contaminants or spoilage bacteria from solid or liquid seafood products without affecting the biochemical or sensory quality. The main applications and mechanisms of action for each emerging technology are being discussed. Each of these technologies has a specific mode of microbial inactivation and a specific range of use. Thus, their knowledge is important to design a practical application plan focusing on producing safer, qualitative seafood products with added value following today’s consumers’ needs.
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Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilm on implanted devices or damaged tissues leads to biomaterial-associated infections often resulting in life-threatening diseases and implant failure. It is a challenging process to eradicate biofilms as they are resistant to antimicrobial treatments. Conventional techniques, such as high heat and chemicals exposure, may not be suitable for biofilm removal in nosocomial settings. These techniques create surface degradation on the treated materials and lead to environmental pollution due to the use of toxic chemicals. A novel technique known as non-thermal plasma has a great potential to decontaminate or sterilize those nosocomial biofilms. This article aims to provide readers with an extensive review of non-thermal plasma and biofilms to facilitate further investigations. A brief introduction summarizes the problem caused by biofilms in hospital settings with current techniques used for biofilm inactivation followed by the literature review strategy. The remainder of the review discusses plasma and its generation, the role played by plasma reactive species, various factors affecting the antimicrobial efficacy of non-thermal plasma and summarizes many studies published in the field.
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Soler-Arango J, Figoli C, Muraca G, Bosch A, Brelles-Mariño G. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix and cells are drastically impacted by gas discharge plasma treatment: A comprehensive model explaining plasma-mediated biofilm eradication. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216817. [PMID: 31233528 PMCID: PMC6590783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities encased in a protective matrix composed of exopolymeric substances including exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA. Biofilms cause undesirable effects such as biofouling, equipment damage, prostheses colonization, and disease. Biofilms are also more resilient than free-living cells to regular decontamination methods and therefore, alternative methods are needed to eradicate them. The use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas is a good alternative as plasmas contain reactive species, free radicals, and UV photons well-known for their decontamination potential against free microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms colonize catheters, indwelling devices, and prostheses. Plasma effects on cell viability have been previously documented for P. aeruginosa biofilms. Nonetheless, the effect of plasma on the biofilm matrix has received less attention and there is little evidence regarding the changes the matrix undergoes. The aim of this work was to study the effect plasma exerts mostly on the P. aeruginosa biofilm matrix and to expand the existing knowledge about its effect on sessile cells in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanism/s underlying plasma-mediated biofilm inactivation. We report a reduction in the amount of the biofilm matrix, the loss of its tridimensional structure, and morphological changes in sessile cells at long exposure times. We show chemical and structural changes on the biofilm matrix (mostly on carbohydrates and eDNA) and cells (mostly on proteins and lipids) that are more profound with longer plasma exposure times. We also demonstrate the presence of lipid oxidation products confirming cell membrane lipid peroxidation as plasma exposure time increases. To our knowledge this is the first report providing detailed evidence of the variety of chemical and structural changes that occur mostly on the biofilm matrix and sessile cells as a consequence of the plasma treatment. Based on our results, we propose a comprehensive model explaining plasma-mediated biofilm inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Soler-Arango
- Biofilm Eradication Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINDEFI, CCT-LA PLATA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Figoli
- Bioespectroscopy Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINDEFI, CCT-LA PLATA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Muraca
- Biofilm Eradication Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINDEFI, CCT-LA PLATA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Bosch
- Bioespectroscopy Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINDEFI, CCT-LA PLATA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (AB); (GBM)
| | - Graciela Brelles-Mariño
- Biofilm Eradication Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CINDEFI, CCT-LA PLATA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (AB); (GBM)
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Julák J, Scholtz V, Vaňková E. Medically important biofilms and non-thermal plasma. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:178. [PMID: 30456518 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the non-thermal plasma, i.e. partially or completely ionized gas produced by electric discharges at ambient temperature, has become of interest for its microbiocidal properties with potential of use in the food industry or medicine. Recently, this interest focuses not only on the planktonic forms of microorganisms but also on their biofilms. The works in this interdisciplinary field are summarized in this review. The wide range of biofilm-plasma interactions is divided into studies of general plasma action on bacteria, on biofilm and on its oral and dental application; a short overview of plasma instrumentation is also included. In addition, not only biofilm combating but also an important area of biofilm prevention is discussed. Various DC discharges of the point-to-plane type. Author's photograph, published in Khun et al. (Plasma Sources Sci Technol 27:065002, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Julák
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Studničkova 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Cold plasma effect on the proteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Role for bacterioferritin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206530. [PMID: 30365553 PMCID: PMC6203385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is a relatively new method used for bacterial inactivation. CAP is ionized gas that can be generated by applying an electric current to air or a feeding gas. It contains reactive species and emits UV radiation, which have antibacterial activity. Previous data suggests that CAP is effective in microbial inactivation and can decontaminate and sterilize surfaces, but its exact mode of action is still under debate. This study demonstrates the effect of CAP on the whole proteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms, which is a dominant pathogen in cystic fibrosis and medical device-related infections. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify differentially regulated proteins of whole cell P. aeruginosa extracts. A total of 16 proteins were identified to be affected by plasma treatment compared to the control. Eight of the identified proteins have functions in transcription and translation and their expression changes are likely to be part of a general physiological response instead of a CAP-specific adaptation. However, CAP also affected bacterioferritin (Bfr), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), Trigger factor (Tig) and a chemotaxis protein, which may be involved in P. aeruginosa’s specific response to CAP. We confirm that bacterioferritin B plays a role in the bacterial response to CAP because ΔbfrB mutants of both PAO1 and PA14 are more susceptible to plasma-induced cell-death than their corresponding wild-type strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the effect of plasma on the whole proteome of a pathogenic microorganism. It will help our understanding of the mode of action of CAP-mediated bacterial inactivation and thus support a safe and effective routine use of CAP in clinical and industrial settings.
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Puligundla P, Mok C. Potential applications of nonthermal plasmas against biofilm-associated micro-organisms in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1134-1148. [PMID: 28106311 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms as complex microbial communities attached to surfaces pose several challenges in different sectors, ranging from food and healthcare to desalination and power generation. The biofilm mode of growth allows microorganisms to survive in hostile environments and biofilm cells exhibit distinct physiology and behaviour in comparison with their planktonic counterparts. They are ubiquitous, resilient and difficult to eradicate due to their resistant phenotype. Several chemical-based cleaning and disinfection regimens are conventionally used against biofilm-dwelling micro-organisms in vitro. Although such approaches are generally considered to be effective, they may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and environmental pollution. Consequently, advanced green technologies for biofilm control are constantly emerging. Disinfection using nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) is one of the novel strategies having a great potential for control of biofilms of a broad spectrum of micro-organisms. This review discusses several aspects related to the inactivation of biofilm-associated bacteria and fungi by different types of NTPs under in vitro conditions. A brief introduction summarizes prevailing methods in biofilm inactivation, followed by introduction to gas discharge plasmas, active plasma species and their inactivating mechanism. Subsequently, significance and aspects of NTP inactivation of biofilm-associated bacteria, especially those of medical importance, including opportunistic pathogens, oral pathogenic bacteria, foodborne pathogens and implant bacteria, are discussed. The remainder of the review discusses majorly about the synergistic effect of NTPs and their activity against biofilm-associated fungi, especially Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puligundla
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - C Mok
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Corona discharges with water electrospray for Escherichia coli biofilm eradication on a surface. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Du C, Liu Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Men R, Men Y, Tang J. Qualitation and Quantitation on Microplasma Jet for Bacteria Inactivation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18838. [PMID: 26732987 PMCID: PMC4702173 DOI: 10.1038/srep18838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a self-made microplasma jet system was used to conduct the qualitation and quantitation of inactivation with Escherichia coli as the target bacteria. The logarithmic concentration and the size of antimicrobial rings served as the evaluation parameters, respectively. The effect of various parameters on inactivation effect was studied. The results showed that the majority of bacteria had been inactivated in 30 s. The inactivation effect enhanced and then weakened with the increase of air flow rate, and receded as the extension of treatment distance. The effect with different carrier gases showed as follows: oxygen > air > nitrogen > argon. Meanwhile, the effect of different components of microplasma was studied in the optimum conditions (The flow rate was 5 L/min; inactivation distance was 2 cm). The results showed that electrically neutral active species was the main factor of inactivation rather than heating effect, ultraviolet radiation and charged particles. Finally the experiments of thallus change proved that microplasma jet had etching effect on cell membrane. It also found that microplasma could degrade organic material like protein. Furthermore, the images of scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the change of cell morphology step by step in the whole process of inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangMing Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - YaNi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - ZiMing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Men
- Guangdong Experimental High School, GuangZhou, 510375, China
| | - Yue Men
- Guangdong Experimental High School, GuangZhou, 510375, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Vandervoort KG, Brelles-Mariño G. Plasma-mediated inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on borosilicate surfaces under continuous culture system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108512. [PMID: 25302815 PMCID: PMC4193768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities attached to a surface and embedded in a matrix composed of exopolysaccharides and excreted nucleic acids. Bacterial biofilms are responsible for undesirable effects such as disease, prostheses colonization, biofouling, equipment damage, and pipe plugging. Biofilms are also more resilient than free-living cells to regular sterilization methods and therefore it is indispensable to develop better ways to control and remove them. The use of gas discharge plasmas is a good alternative since plasmas contain a mixture of reactive agents well-known for their decontamination potential against free microorganisms. We have previously reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were inactivated after a 1-min plasma exposure. We determined that the adhesiveness and the thickness of Pseudomonas biofilms grown on borosilicate were reduced. We also reported sequential morphological changes and loss of viability upon plasma treatment. However, the studies were carried out in batch cultures. The use of a continuous culture results in a more homogenous environment ensuring reproducible biofilm growth. The aim of this work was to study plasma-mediated inactivation of P. aeruginosa biofilms grown on borosilicate in a continuous culture system. In this paper we show that biofilms grown on glass under continuous culture can be inactivated by using gas discharge plasma. Both biofilm architecture and cell culturability are impacted by the plasma treatment. The inactivation kinetics is similar to previously described ones and cells go through sequential changes ranging from minimal modification without loss of viability at short plasma exposure times, to major structure and viability loss at longer exposure times. We report that changes in biofilm structure leading to the loss of culturability and viability are related to a decrease of the biofilm matrix adhesiveness. To our knowledge, there has been no attempt to evaluate the inactivation/sterilization of biofilms grown in a continuous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt G. Vandervoort
- Physics and Astronomy Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Graciela Brelles-Mariño
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States of America
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Pathak M, Devi A, Sarma HK, Lal B. Application of bioflocculating property of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IASST201 in treatment of oil-field formation water. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:658-69. [PMID: 24740803 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201301011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A bioflocculating activity of 89.8% was depicted by an activated sludge-borne bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IASST201 with a yield of bioflocculant of 2.68 g L(-1) obtained from production media broth after optimization of different parameters. The highest bioflocculation efficiency was found at the pre-stationary phase of the bacterial growth period in the production media broth at 96th hour examined from a growth-flocculation kinetics study. 85.67% of bioflocculation was observed in oil-field formation water, with a separation of 68.7% of aliphatic hydrocarbon contents of the formation water after the application of the bacterial bioflocculant by entrapment mechanism with formation of flocs which was analyzed and examined comparatively through gas-chromatography. Extensive removal of heavy metal contents of the oil-field formation water due to bioflocculation was estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The SEM and AFM studies declare the extracellular polymeric nature of the bioflocculant produced by this bacterium clumped within bacterial biofilm supported with FTIR study of the extracted bioflocculant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihirjyoti Pathak
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Resource Management and Environment Section, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Mai-Prochnow A, Murphy AB, McLean KM, Kong MG, Ostrikov KK. Atmospheric pressure plasmas: infection control and bacterial responses. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:508-17. [PMID: 24637224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) is a recent, cutting-edge antimicrobial treatment. It has the potential to be used as an alternative to traditional treatments such as antibiotics and as a promoter of wound healing, making it a promising tool in a range of biomedical applications with particular importance for combating infections. A number of studies show very promising results for APP-mediated killing of bacteria, including removal of biofilms of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the mode of action of APP and the resulting bacterial response are not fully understood. Use of a variety of different plasma-generating devices, different types of plasma gases and different treatment modes makes it challenging to show reproducibility and transferability of results. This review considers some important studies in which APP was used as an antibacterial agent, and specifically those that elucidate its mode of action, with the aim of identifying common bacterial responses to APP exposure. The review has a particular emphasis on mechanisms of interactions of bacterial biofilms with APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mai-Prochnow
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Anthony B Murphy
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Keith M McLean
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael G Kong
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Suite 422, 4211 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
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Ercan UK, Joshi SS, Yost A, Gogotsi N, O’Toole S, Paff M, Melchior E, Joshi SG. Inhibition of Biofilms by Non-Thermal Plasma Treated Novel Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.416128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vandervoort K, Brelles-Mariño G. Cal Poly Pomona NUE Project: Implementing Microscale and Nanoscale Investigations Throughout the Undergraduate Curriculum. JOURNAL OF NANO EDUCATION (PRINT) 2013; 5. [PMID: 24163716 DOI: 10.1166/jne.2013.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NUE funded work at California State Polytechnic University involved development and implementation of nanotechnology modules for physics courses spanning all levels of the undergraduate curriculum, from freshman service courses to senior level laboratories and independent research projects. These modules demonstrate the application of fundamental physics at the nanoscale that complement macroscopic investigations. The introductory level and some of the advanced level modules have been described previously in journal papers and will be outlined briefly here. The main focus of this article, however, is to describe some newer work involving nanoscale experiments that have been developed for senior level laboratories and independent research. These experiments involve applications as diverse as tunneling diodes, gas discharge plasmas for biofilm inactivation, and quantized conductance in gold nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Vandervoort
- Physics and Astronomy Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91786
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Zelaya A, Vandervoort K, Brelles-Mariño G. Battling Bacterial Biofilms with Gas Discharge Plasma. PLASMA FOR BIO-DECONTAMINATION, MEDICINE AND FOOD SECURITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2852-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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