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Fang L, Zhang B, Li B, Zhang X, Zhou X, Yang J, Li A, Shi X, Liu Y, Kreissl M, D'Ascenzo N, Xiao P, Xie Q. Development and evaluation of a new high-TOF-resolution all-digital brain PET system. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:025019. [PMID: 38100841 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Time-of-flight (TOF) capability and high sensitivity are essential for brain-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, as they improve the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enabling a precise localization of functional mechanisms in the different brain regions.Approach.We present a new brain PET system with transverse and axial field-of-view (FOV) of 320 mm and 255 mm, respectively. The system head is an array of 6 × 6 detection elements, each consisting of a 3.9 × 3.9 × 20 mm3lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystal coupled with a 3.93 × 3.93 mm2SiPM. The SiPMs analog signals are individually digitized using the multi-voltage threshold (MVT) technology, employing a 1:1:1 coupling configuration.Main results.The brain PET system exhibits a TOF resolution of 249 ps at 5.3 kBq ml-1, an average sensitivity of 22.1 cps kBq-1, and a noise equivalent count rate (NECR) peak of 150.9 kcps at 8.36 kBq ml-1. Furthermore, the mini-Derenzo phantom study demonstrated the system's ability to distinguish rods with a diameter of 2.0 mm. Moreover, incorporating the TOF reconstruction algorithm in an image quality phantom study optimizes the background variability, resulting in reductions ranging from 44% (37 mm) to 75% (10 mm) with comparable contrast. In the human brain imaging study, the SNR improved by a factor of 1.7 with the inclusion of TOF, increasing from 27.07 to 46.05. Time-dynamic human brain imaging was performed, showing the distinctive traits of cortex and thalamus uptake, as well as of the arterial and venous flow with 2 s per time frame.Significance.The system exhibited a good TOF capability, which is coupled with the high sensitivity and count rate performance based on the MVT digital sampling technique. The developed TOF-enabled brain PET system opens the possibility of precise kinetic brain PET imaging, towards new quantitative predictive brain diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Kreissl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Deprtment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Innovation in Engineering and Physics, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Innovation in Engineering and Physics, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy
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Huang Y, Lei D. Multisource data acquisition based on single-chip microcomputer and sensor technology. OPEN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/comp-2022-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Today, data and information are flooded every day. Data are a reliable basis for scientific research. Their function is not only to clearly show real problems in various fields, but also to guide people to find the key factors that cause problems. The emergence of big data responds to this era of information explosion, and it is precisely by virtue of the accumulation of quantity that it presents the rules more clearly. No matter political, economic, cultural, and other fields are closely related to data. The application of microcontroller and sensor technology can help explore new branches of multisource data. However, the collection and analysis of multisource data only stays in the aspects of computer and communication technology. In view of the earlier problems, this article carried out scientific data collection and analysis of multisource data based on single-chip microcomputer and sensor technology. The research results showed that based on two algorithms, random early detection and weighted fair queuing, the analysis algorithm according to the Genetic Algorithm had a higher successful conversion rate. The power consumption of a node with better antenna performance was 9–10% lower than that of a node with poor antenna performance, which provided a basis for multisource data collection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Huang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Hunan College of Information , Changsha 410200 , Hunan , China
| | - Daozhong Lei
- School of Electronic Engineering, Hunan College of Information , Changsha 410200 , Hunan , China
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Li A, Xie Q, Huang J, Xiao P. Evaluation of applying space-variant resolution modeling to attenuation correction in PET. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8:045009. [PMID: 35623332 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Attenuation correction aims to recover the underestimated tracer uptake and improve the image contrast recovery in positron emission tomography (PET). However, traditional ray-tracing-based projection of attenuation maps is inaccurate as some physical effects are not considered, such as finite crystal size, inter-crystal penetration and inter-crystal scatter. In this study, we evaluated the effects of applying resolution modeling (RM) to attenuation correction by implementing space-variant RM to complement physical effects which are usually omitted in the traditional projection model. We verified this method on a brain PET scanner developed by our group, in both Monte Carlo simulation and real-world data, in comparison with space-invariant Gaussian RM, average-depth-of-interaction, and multi-ray tracing methods. The results indicate that the space-variant RM is superior in terms of artifacts reduction and contrast recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- College of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, Wuhan, 430074, CHINA
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, CHINA
| | - Jing Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, Wuhan, 430074, CHINA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, CHINA
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Antonecchia E, Bäcker M, Cafolla D, Ciardiello M, Kühl C, Pagnani G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhou F, D'Ascenzo N, Gialanella L, Pisante M, Rose G, Xie Q. Design Study of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography System for Plant Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:736221. [PMID: 35116047 PMCID: PMC8805640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography is a non-disruptive and high-sensitive digital imaging technique which allows to measure in-vivo and non invasively the changes of metabolic and transport mechanisms in plants. When it comes to the early assessment of stress-induced alterations of plant functions, plant PET has the potential of a major breakthrough. The development of dedicated plant PET systems faces a series of technological and experimental difficulties, which make conventional clinical and preclinical PET systems not fully suitable to agronomy. First, the functional and metabolic mechanisms of plants depend on environmental conditions, which can be controlled during the experiment if the scanner is transported into the growing chamber. Second, plants need to be imaged vertically, thus requiring a proper Field Of View. Third, the transverse Field of View needs to adapt to the different plant shapes, according to the species and the experimental protocols. In this paper, we perform a simulation study, proposing a novel design of dedicated plant PET scanners specifically conceived to address these agronomic issues. We estimate their expected sensitivity, count rate performance and spatial resolution, and we identify these specific features, which need to be investigated when realizing a plant PET scanner. Finally, we propose a novel approach to the measurement and verification of the performance of plant PET systems, including the design of dedicated plant phantoms, in order to provide a standard evaluation procedure for this emerging digital imaging agronomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Antonecchia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Markus Bäcker
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Cafolla
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte Kühl
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Pagnani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jiale Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lucio Gialanella
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georg Rose
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Gao M, Chen HH, Chen FH, Hong JH, Hsiao IT, Yen TC, Mao J, Lu JJ, Wang W, D'Ascenzo N, Xie Q. First Results From All-Digital PET Dual Heads for In-Beam Beam-On Proton Therapy Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3041857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chaudhari AJ, Badawi RD. Application-specific nuclear medical in vivoimaging devices. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33770765 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abf275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medical imaging devices, such as those enabling photon emission imaging (gamma camera, single photon emission computed tomography, or positron emission imaging), that are typically used in today's clinics are optimized for assessing large portions of the human body, and are classified as whole-body imaging systems. These systems have known limitations for organ imaging, therefore application-specific devices have been designed, constructed and evaluated. These devices, given their compact nature and superior technical characteristics, such as their higher detection sensitivity and spatial resolution for organ imaging compared to whole-body imaging systems, have shown promise for niche applications. Several of these devices have further been integrated with complementary anatomical imaging devices. The objectives of this review article are to (1) provide an overview of such application-specific nuclear imaging devices that were developed over the past two decades (in the twenty-first century), with emphasis on brain, cardiac, breast, and prostate imaging; and (2) discuss the rationale, advantages and challenges associated with the translation of these devices for routine clinical imaging. Finally, a perspective on the future prospects for application-specific devices is provided, which is that sustained effort is required both to overcome design limitations which impact their utility (where these exist) and to collect the data required to define their clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Ramsey D Badawi
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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Kim H, Kao CM, Hua Y, Xie Q, Chen CT. Multiplexing Readout for Time-of-Flight (TOF) PET Detectors Using Striplines. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 5:662-670. [PMID: 34541433 PMCID: PMC8445371 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A recent trend in PET instrumentation is the use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for high-resolution and time-of-flight (TOF) detection. Due to its small size, a PET system can use a large number of SiPMs and hence effective and scalable multiplexing readout methods become important. Unfortunately, multiplexing readout generally degrades the fast timing properties necessary for TOF, especially at high channel reduction. Previously, we developed a stripline (SL) based readout method for PET that uses a time-based multiplexing mechanism. This method maintains fast timing by design and has been successfully used for TOF PET detectors. In this paper, we present a more systematic study in which we examine how two important design parameters of the readout - the number of inputs on an SL (n SL) and the pathlength between adjacent input positions (Δℓ) - affect its detection performance properties for PET. Our result shows that, up to n SL = 32 the readout can achieve accurate pixel discrimination and causes little degradation in the energy resolution. The TOF resolution is compromised mildly and a coincidence resolving time on the order of 300 ps FWHM can be achieved for LYSO- and SiPM-based detectors. We also discuss strategies in using the readout to further reduce the number of electronic channels that a PET system would otherwise need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejong Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Chien-Min Kao
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yuexuan Hua
- Raycan Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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