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Liu CW, Tsutsui H. Sample-to-answer sensing technologies for nucleic acid preparation and detection in the field. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:302-323. [PMID: 37302751 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sample preparation and accurate disease diagnosis under field conditions are of great importance for the early intervention of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. However, in-field preparation of high-quality nucleic acids from various specimens for downstream analyses, such as amplification and sequencing, is challenging. Thus, developing and adapting sample lysis and nucleic acid extraction protocols suitable for portable formats have drawn significant attention. Similarly, various nucleic acid amplification techniques and detection methods have also been explored. Combining these functions in an integrated platform has resulted in emergent sample-to-answer sensing systems that allow effective disease detection and analyses outside a laboratory. Such devices have a vast potential to improve healthcare in resource-limited settings, low-cost and distributed surveillance of diseases in food and agriculture industries, environmental monitoring, and defense against biological warfare and terrorism. This paper reviews recent advances in portable sample preparation technologies and facile detection methods that have been / or could be adopted into novel sample-to-answer devices. In addition, recent developments and challenges of commercial kits and devices targeting on-site diagnosis of various plant diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Vernon J, Canyelles-Pericas P, Torun H, Binns R, Ng WP, Wu Q, Fu YQ. Breath monitoring, sleep disorder detection, and tracking using thin-film acoustic waves and open-source electronics. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0013471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Apnoea, a major sleep disorder, affects many adults and causes several issues, such as fatigue, high blood pressure, liver conditions, increased risk of type II diabetes, and heart problems. Therefore, advanced monitoring and diagnosing tools of apnoea disorders are needed to facilitate better treatment, with advantages such as accuracy, comfort of use, cost effectiveness, and embedded computation capabilities to recognise, store, process, and transmit time series data. In this work we present an adaptation of our apnoea-Pi open-source surface acoustic wave (SAW) platform (Apnoea-Pi) to monitor and recognise apnoea in patients. The platform is based on a thin-film SAW device using bimorph ZnO and Al structures, including those fabricated as Al foils or plates, to achieve breath tracking based on humidity and temperature changes. We applied open-source electronics and provided embedded computing characteristics for signal processing, data recognition, storage, and transmission of breath signals. We show that the thin-film SAW device out-performed standard and off-the-shelf capacitive electronic sensors in terms of their response and accuracy for human breath-tracking purposes. This in combination with embedded electronics makes a suitable platform for human breath monitoring and sleep disorder recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jethro Vernon
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Pep Canyelles-Pericas
- Department of Integrated Devices and Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Binns
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Wai Pang Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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