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Ohno MK, Kirikae T, Yoshihara E, Kirikae F, Ishida I. Addition of L-cysteine to the N- or C-terminus of the all-D-enantiomer [ D(KLAKLAK) 2] increases antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10176. [PMID: 33335804 PMCID: PMC7713595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and are attracting attention as promising next-generation antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The all-d-enantiomer [D(KLAKLAK)2] has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to be resistant to protein degradation in bacteria because it is composed of D-enantiomer compounds. In this study, we demonstrated that modification of [D(KLAKLAK)2] by the addition of an L-cysteine residue to its N- or C- terminus markedly enhanced its antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria such as MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. METHODS The peptides [D(KLAKLAK)2] (DP), DP to which L-cysteine was added at the N-terminus C-DP, and DP to which L-cysteine was added at the C-terminus DP-C, were synthesized at >95% purity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of peptides and antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. The synergistic effects of the peptides and the antibiotics against MDR P. aeruginosa were evaluated using the checkerboard dilution method. In order to assess how these peptides affect the survival of human cells, cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8. RESULTS C-DP and DP-C enhanced the antimicrobial activities of the peptide against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of DP-C was greater than that of C-DP, with these peptides also having antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible P. aeruginosa and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa overexpressing the efflux pump components. C-DP and DP-C also showed antimicrobial activity against colistin-resistant E. coli harboring mcr-1, which encodes a lipid A modifying enzyme. DP-C showed synergistic antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa when combined with colistin. The LD50 of DP-C against a human cell line HepG2 was six times higher than the MIC of DP-C against MDR P. aeruginosa. The LD50 of DP-C was not altered by incubation with low-dose colistin. CONCLUSION Attachment of an L-cysteine residue to the N- or C-terminus of [D(KLAKLAK)2] enhanced its antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The combination of C-DP or DP-C and colistin had synergistic effects against MDR P. aeruginosa. In addition, DP-C and C-DP showed much stronger antimicrobial activity against MDR A. baumannii and E. coli than against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki K. Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Kirikae
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumiko Kirikae
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Ishida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Galloux M, Libersou S, Alves ID, Marquant R, Salgado GF, Rezaei H, Lepault J, Delmas B, Bouaziz S, Morellet N. NMR structure of a viral peptide inserted in artificial membranes: a view on the early steps of the birnavirus entry process. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19409-21. [PMID: 20385550 PMCID: PMC2885221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonenveloped virus must penetrate the cellular membrane to access the cytoplasm without the benefit of membrane fusion. For birnavirus, one of the peptides present in the virus capsid, pep46 for infectious bursal disease virus, is able to induce pores into membranes as an intermediate step of the birnavirus-penetration pathway. Using osmotic protection experiments, we demonstrate here that pep46 and its pore-forming N-terminal moiety (pep22) form pores of different diameters, 5-8 and 2-4 nm, respectively, showing that both pep46 moieties participate to pore formation. The solution structures of pep46, pep22, and pep24 (the pep46 C-terminal moiety) in different hydrophobic environments and micelles determined by (1)H NMR studies provide structural insights of the pep46 domain interaction. In CDCl(3)/CD(3)OH mixture and in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, the N-terminal domain of pep46 is structured in a long kinked helix, although the C terminus is structured in one or two helices depending upon the solvents used. We also show that the folding and the proline isomerization status of pep46 depend on the type of hydrophobic environment. NMR spectroscopy with labeled phospholipid micelles, differential scanning calorimetry, and plasmon waveguide resonance studies show the peptides lie parallel to the lipid-water interface, perturbing the fatty acid chain packing. All these data lead to a model in which the two domains of pep46 interact with the membrane to form pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Galloux
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Sonia Libersou
- the CNRS UMR 2472, INRA 1157, Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- the UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769, Case Courier 182, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, and
| | - Rodrigue Marquant
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
| | - Gilmar F. Salgado
- the UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, FR 2769, Case Courier 182, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, and
| | - Human Rezaei
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Jean Lepault
- the CNRS UMR 2472, INRA 1157, Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- the Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Bâtiment de Biotechnologies, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
| | - Nelly Morellet
- From the Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, F-75270 Cedex 06
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Ellerby HM, Bredesen DE, Fujimura S, John V. Hunter-killer peptide (HKP) for targeted therapy. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5887-92. [PMID: 18828573 DOI: 10.1021/jm800495u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Michael Ellerby
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Mare Island, Vallejo, California 94592, USA
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Sandoval CM, Salzameda B, Reyes K, Williams T, Hohman VS, Plesniak LA. Anti-obesity and anti-tumor pro-apoptotic peptides are sufficient to cause release of cytochrome c from vesicles. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5464-8. [PMID: 17983599 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides that target tissue for an apoptotic death have potential as therapeutics in a variety of disease conditions. The class of peptides described herein enters the cell through a specific receptor-mediated interaction. Once inside the cell, the peptide migrates toward the mitochondria, where the membrane barrier is disrupted. These experiments demonstrate that upon treatment with these short peptides large unilamellar vesicles are not lysed, a graded mode of leakage is observed and the transient pores formed by these peptides are large enough to release entrapped cytochrome c from the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
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Grant CV, Sit SL, De Angelis AA, Khuong KS, Wu CH, Plesniak LA, Opella SJ. An efficient (1)H/(31)P double-resonance solid-state NMR probe that utilizes a scroll coil. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 188:279-84. [PMID: 17719813 PMCID: PMC2097957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The construction and performance of a scroll coil double-resonance probe for solid-state NMR on stationary samples is described. The advantages of the scroll coil at the high resonance frequencies of (1)H and (31)P include: high efficiency, minimal perturbations of tuning by a wide range of samples, minimal RF sample heating of high dielectric samples of biopolymers in aqueous solution, and excellent RF homogeneity. The incorporation of a cable tie cinch for mechanical stability of the scroll coil is described. Experimental results obtained on a Hunter Killer Peptide 1 (HKP1) interacting with phospholipid bilayers of varying lipid composition demonstrate the capabilities of this probe on lossy aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V. Grant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0307
| | - Siu-Ling Sit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0307
| | - Anna A. De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0307
| | - Kelli S. Khuong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110
| | - Chin H. Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0307
| | - Leigh A. Plesniak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110
| | - Stanley J. Opella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0307
- * Corresponding Author. , 858.822.4820
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Sandoval CM, Geierstanger BH, Fujimura S, Balatbat C, Williams T, de Unamuno J, Whiles-Lillig JA, Ellerby LM, Ellerby HM, Jennings P, Plesniak LA. Structural Evaluation of a Novel Pro-apoptotic Peptide Coupled to CNGRC Tumor Homing Sequence by NMR. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:417-24. [PMID: 16882316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hunter-killer peptides (HKPs) are synthetic peptides that target specific cell types for apoptosis. These studies report functional and structural characteristics of HKP9, an hunter-killer peptide that specifically targets tumor vasculature with a new apoptotic sequence. Vesicle leakage experiments were performed as a model for membrane perturbing activity. Placement of the homing sequence reduces both cell toxicity and vesicle leakage activity. NMR studies elucidate the conformation and orientation of HKP9 in micelles. The positively charged end of the HKP9 killing sequence is solvent exposed; however, the central portion of the peptide is helical and buried in dodecylphosphorylcholine micelles. The homing sequence is less solvent exposed than in a previously reported tumor-homing peptide. The results suggest that solvent accessibility of the homing sequence should be considered in design of future peptides.
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Epand RM, Rychnovsky SD, Belani JD, Epand RF. Role of chirality in peptide-induced formation of cholesterol-rich domains. Biochem J 2006; 390:541-8. [PMID: 15929726 PMCID: PMC1198934 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chiral specificity of the interactions of peptides that induce the formation of cholesterol-rich domains has not been extensively investigated. Both the peptide and most lipids are chiral, so there is a possibility that interactions between peptide and lipid could require chiral recognition. On the other hand, in our models with small peptides, the extent of folding of the peptide to form a specific binding pocket is limited. We have determined that replacing cholesterol with its enantiomer, ent-cholesterol, alters the modulation of lipid organization by peptides. The phase-transition properties of SOPC (1-stearoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine):cholesterol [in a 6:4 ratio with 0.2 mol% PtdIns(4,5)P2] are not significantly altered when ent-cholesterol replaces cholesterol. However, in the presence of 10 mol% of a 19-amino-acid, N-terminally myristoylated fragment (myristoyl-GGKLSKKKKGYNVNDEKAK-amide) of the protein NAP-22 (neuronal axonal membrane protein), the lipid mixture containing cholesterol undergoes separation into cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-depleted domains. This does not occur when ent-cholesterol replaces cholesterol. In another example, when N-acetyl-Leu-Trp-Tyr-Ile-Lys-amide (N-acetyl-LWYIK-amide) is added to SOPC:cholesterol (7:3 ratio), there is a marked increase in the transition enthalpy of the phospholipid, indicating separation of a cholesterol-depleted domain of SOPC. This phenomenon completely disappears when ent-cholesterol replaces cholesterol. The all-D-isomer of N-acetyl-LWYIK-amide also induces the formation of cholesterol-rich domains with natural cholesterol, but does so to a lesser extent with ent-cholesterol. Thus specific peptide chirality is not required for interaction with cholesterol-containing membranes. However, a specific chirality of membrane lipids is required for peptide-induced formation of cholesterol-rich domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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