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Surendar P, Pooventhiran T, Rajam S, Irfan A, Thomas R. Schiff Bases from α-ionone with Adenine, Cytosine, and l-leucine Biomolecules: Synthesis, Structural Features, Electronic Structure, and Medicinal Activities. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416522500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tea is a very important source of the terepenoid [Formula: see text]-ionone, which is much appreciated as a medicinal beverage. Schiff bases are a very important class of organic compounds usually formed by the condensation of carbonyl compounds with amines. [Formula: see text]-ionone is a carbonyl terpenoid obtained from Schiff bases on condensation with nucleobases like adenine and cytosine and the amino acid [Formula: see text]-leucine. We synthesized these three Schiff bases and characterized them using UV, FTIR, and H1 and C13-NMR spectra. The molecules were optimized using B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level followed by the simulation of FT-IR spectra, of which the simulated and experimental spectra showed complete agreement. The UV spectra were simulated using TD-DFT, and the electronic excitations were carefully analyzed. Natural bond orbitals provided an analysis of the stability of the compound, which is supplemented by the data from frontier molecular orbital analysis. Detailed wavefunction analysis is reported which predicts the active centers, reactivity profile, and the extent of non-covalent interactions. PASS indicated that compounds show antieczemic properties and antiarthritic properties, which is confirmed with the help of molecular docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Surendar
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 600017, Tamil Nadu, India
- UPASI Tea Research Institute Nirardam (BPO), Valparai 642127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Pooventhiran
- Department of Chemistry, St. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanaserry 686101, Kerala, India
| | - Shameela Rajam
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 600017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanaserry 686101, Kerala, India
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Mallis RJ, Brazin KN, Duke-Cohan JS, Hwang W, Wang JH, Wagner G, Arthanari H, Lang MJ, Reinherz EL. NMR: an essential structural tool for integrative studies of T cell development, pMHC ligand recognition and TCR mechanobiology. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2019; 73:319-332. [PMID: 30815789 PMCID: PMC6693947 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early studies of T cell structural biology using X-ray crystallography, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) focused on a picture of the αβT cell receptor (αβTCR) component domains and their cognate ligands (peptides bound to MHC molecules, i.e. pMHCs) as static interaction partners. Moving forward requires integrating this corpus of data with dynamic technologies such as NMR, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and real-time single molecule (SM) studies exemplified by optical tweezers (OT). NMR bridges relevant timescales and provides the potential for an all-atom dynamic description of αβTCR components prior to and during interactions with binding partners. SM techniques have opened up vistas in understanding the non-equilibrium nature of T cell signaling through the introduction of force-mediated binding measurements into the paradigm for T cell function. In this regard, bioforces consequent to T-lineage cell motility are now perceived as placing piconewton (pN)-level loads on single receptor-pMHC bonds to impact structural change and αβT-lineage biology, including peptide discrimination, cellular activation, and developmental progression. We discuss herein essential NMR technologies in illuminating the role of ligand binding in the preT cell receptor (preTCR), the αβTCR developmental precursor, and convergence of NMR, SM and MD data in advancing our comprehension of T cell development. More broadly we review the central hypothesis that the αβTCR is a mechanosensor, fostered by breakthrough NMR-based structural insights. Collectively, elucidating dynamic aspects through the integrative use of NMR, SM, and MD shall advance fundamental appreciation of the mechanism of T cell signaling as well as inform translational efforts in αβTCR and chimeric T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapies and T cell vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Mallis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristine N Brazin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia-Huai Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Ziegler H, Welker C, Sterk M, Haarer J, Rammensee HG, Handgretinger R, Schilbach K. Human Peripheral CD4(+) Vδ1(+) γδT Cells Can Develop into αβT Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:645. [PMID: 25709606 PMCID: PMC4329445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifelong generation of αβT cells enables us to continuously build immunity against pathogens and malignancies despite the loss of thymic function with age. Homeostatic proliferation of post-thymic naïve and memory T cells and their transition into effector and long-lived memory cells balance the decreasing output of naïve T cells, and recent research suggests that also αβT-cell development independent from the thymus may occur. However, the sites and mechanisms of extrathymic T-cell development are not yet understood in detail. γδT cells represent a small fraction of the overall T-cell pool, and are endowed with tremendous phenotypic and functional plasticity. γδT cells that express the Vδ1 gene segment are a minor population in human peripheral blood but predominate in epithelial (and inflamed) tissues. Here, we characterize a CD4+ peripheral Vδ1+ γδT-cell subpopulation that expresses stem-cell and progenitor markers and is able to develop into functional αβT cells ex vivo in a simple culture system and in vivo. The route taken by this process resembles thymic T-cell development. However, it involves the re-organization of the Vδ1+ γδTCR into the αβTCR as a consequence of TCR-γ chain downregulation and the expression of surface Vδ1+Vβ+ TCR components, which we believe function as surrogate pre-TCR. This transdifferentiation process is readily detectable in vivo in inflamed tissue. Our study provides a conceptual framework for extrathymic T-cell development and opens up a new vista in immunology that requires adaptive immune responses in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ziegler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Christian Welker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Marco Sterk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jan Haarer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Miyakawa H, Mason RP, Jiang J, Kadiiska MB. Lipid-derived free radical production in superantigen-induced interstitial pneumonia. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:241-9. [PMID: 19376221 PMCID: PMC2700201 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the free radical generation involved in the development of interstitial pneumonia (IP) in an animal model of autoimmune disease. We observed an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) radical adducts detected in the lipid extract of lungs in autoimmune-prone mice after intratracheal instillation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The POBN adducts detected by ESR were paralleled by infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To further investigate the mechanism of free radical generation, mice were pretreated with the macrophage toxicant gadolinium chloride, which significantly suppressed the radical generation. Free radical generation was also decreased by pretreatment with the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, the iron chelator Desferal, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W. Histopathologically, these drugs significantly reduced both the cell infiltration into the alveolar septal walls and the synthesis of pulmonary collagen fibers. Experiments with NADPH oxidase knockout mice showed that NADPH oxidase did not contribute to lipid radical generation. These results suggest that lipid-derived carbon-centered free radical production is important in the manifestation of IP and that a macrophage toxicant, an XO inhibitor, an iron chelator, and an iNOS inhibitor protect against both radical generation and the manifestation of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Miyakawa
- Free Radical Metabolite Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Ou Y, Tong C, Zhang Y, Cai P, Gu J, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang H, Chu B, Zhu P. An improved design of PCR primers for detection of human T cell receptor beta chain repertoire. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:145-52. [PMID: 18716897 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of T cell receptor beta variable region (TCRBV) gene rearrangement is useful for clonal assessment of abnormal T cell proliferations in various diseases. However, most primer panels previously used can only amplify the third complementarity-determining region. Following IMGT database we established a panel of primers, which can amplify entire sequences of all functional TCRBV families. To confirm the usefulness of this panel of primers, we detected different TCRBV repertoires. In 15 healthy donors, most of the BV families were expressed and appeared as a Gaussian distribution. 13 acute myeloid leukemia patients showed monoclonal or oligoclonal changes of BV15 family, and some of them also had monoclonal or oligoclonal expansion of BV2, BV4, BV6 or BV13 families. In one patient after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, monoclonal proliferation of BV10 family occurred during graft-versus-host disease. In conclusion, this panel of primers improves our abilities to analyze TCRBV repertoire changes in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ou
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
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Brown PH, Balbo A, Schuck P. Characterizing protein-protein interactions by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2008; Chapter 18:18.15.1-18.15.39. [PMID: 18491296 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1815s81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This unit introduces the basic principles and practice of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of reversible protein interactions, such as the characterization of self-association, heterogeneous association, multi-protein complexes, binding stoichiometry, and the determination of association constants. The analytical tools described include sedimentation coefficient and molar mass distributions, multi-signal sedimentation coefficient distributions, Gilbert-Jenkins theory, different forms of isotherms, and global Lamm equation modeling. Concepts for the experimental design are discussed, and a detailed step-by-step protocol guiding the reader through the experiment and the data analysis is available as an Internet resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Balbo
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Schuck
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Li Z, Guo Y, Jones LL, Kranz DM, Mourad W, Li H. Crystal structure of a complete ternary complex of TCR, superantigen and peptide-MHC. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:169-71. [PMID: 17220897 PMCID: PMC3923521 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
'Superantigens' (SAgs) trigger the massive activation of T cells by simultaneous interactions with MHC and TCR receptors, leading to human diseases. Here we present the first crystal structure, at 2.5-A resolution, of a complete ternary complex between a SAg and its two receptors, HLA-DR1/HA and TCR. The most striking finding is that the SAg Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen, unlike others, has direct contacts not only with TCR Vbeta but with TCR Valpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA
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