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Sacre L, Pontarelli A, Bahsoun Y, Wilds CJ. Influence of C5‐Substituents on Repair of
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‐Methyl Adducts of Pyrimidines by
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‐Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferases. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauralicia Sacre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Alexander Pontarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Yehya Bahsoun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Christopher J. Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
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Mejía-Almonte C, Busby SJW, Wade JT, van Helden J, Arkin AP, Stormo GD, Eilbeck K, Palsson BO, Galagan JE, Collado-Vides J. Redefining fundamental concepts of transcription initiation in bacteria. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:699-714. [PMID: 32665585 PMCID: PMC7990032 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in understanding the fundamentals of bacterial gene regulation, our knowledge remains limited when compared with the number of bacterial genomes and regulatory systems to be discovered. Derived from a small number of initial studies, classic definitions for concepts of gene regulation have evolved as the number of characterized promoters has increased. Together with discoveries made using new technologies, this knowledge has led to revised generalizations and principles. In this Expert Recommendation, we suggest precise, updated definitions that support a logical, consistent conceptual framework of bacterial gene regulation, focusing on transcription initiation. The resulting concepts can be formalized by ontologies for computational modelling, laying the foundation for improved bioinformatics tools, knowledge-based resources and scientific communication. Thus, this work will help researchers construct better predictive models, with different formalisms, that will be useful in engineering, synthetic biology, microbiology and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Mejía-Almonte
- Programa de Genómica Computacional, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Joseph T Wade
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jacques van Helden
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR S 1090, Theory and Approaches of Genome Complexity (TAGC), Marseille, France
- CNRS, Institut Français de Bioinformatique, IFB-core, UMS 3601, Evry, France
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gary D Stormo
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen Eilbeck
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James E Galagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julio Collado-Vides
- Programa de Genómica Computacional, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Kluska K, Adamczyk J, Krężel A. Metal binding properties, stability and reactivity of zinc fingers. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sacre L, Wilds CJ. Fluorine at the C5 Position of 2′-Deoxyuridine Enhances Repair of a O
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-Methyl Adduct by O
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-Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferases. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauralicia Sacre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics; Concordia University; 7141 Sherbrooke St. West H4B 1R6 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Christopher J. Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics; Concordia University; 7141 Sherbrooke St. West H4B 1R6 Montréal Québec Canada
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Casella LG, Weiss A, Pérez-Rueda E, Antonio Ibarra J, Shaw LN. Towards the complete proteinaceous regulome of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Genom 2017; 3:mgen000107. [PMID: 28663824 PMCID: PMC5382811 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with broad multidrug-resistance phenotypes and novel virulence factors unique to hypervirulent strains, presents a major threat to human health worldwide. Although a number of studies have described virulence-affecting entities for this organism, very few have identified regulatory elements controlling their expression. Previously, our group has documented the global identification and curation of regulatory RNAs in A. baumannii. As such, in the present study, we detail an extension of this work, the performance of an extensive bioinformatic analysis to identify regulatory proteins in the recently annotated genome of the highly virulent AB5075 strain. In so doing, 243 transcription factors, 14 two-component systems (TCSs), 2 orphan response regulators, 1 hybrid TCS and 5 σ factors were found. A comparison of these elements between AB5075 and other clinical isolates, as well as a laboratory strain, led to the identification of several conserved regulatory elements, whilst at the same time uncovering regulators unique to hypervirulent strains. Lastly, by comparing regulatory elements compiled in this study to genes shown to be essential for AB5075 infection, we were able to highlight elements with a specific importance for pathogenic behaviour. Collectively, our work offers a unique insight into the regulatory network of A. baumannii strains, and provides insight into the evolution of hypervirulent lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila G Casella
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
| | - Andy Weiss
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Rueda
- 2Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, UNAM, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,3Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- 4Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, CP, 11340 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Lindsey N Shaw
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ISA 2015, Tampa, FL 33620-5150, USA
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Denisov AY, McManus FP, O'Flaherty DK, Noronha AM, Wilds CJ. Structural basis of interstrand cross-link repair by O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8361-8370. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conformation of the alkylene lesion may play a role in interstrand cross-link repair by O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y. Denisov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Concordia University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Francis P. McManus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Concordia University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | | | - Anne M. Noronha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Concordia University
- Montréal
- Canada
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Classification of the treble clef zinc finger: noteworthy lessons for structure and function evolution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32070. [PMID: 27562564 PMCID: PMC4999995 DOI: 10.1038/srep32070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Treble clef (TC) zinc fingers constitute a large fold-group of structural zinc-binding protein domains that mediate numerous cellular functions. We have analysed the sequence, structure, and function relationships among all TCs in the Protein Data Bank. This led to the identification of novel TCs, such as lsr2, YggX and TFIIIC τ 60 kDa subunit, and prediction of a nuclease-like function for the DUF1364 family. The structural malleability of TCs is evident from the many examples with variations to the core structural elements of the fold. We observe domains wherein the structural core of the TC fold is circularly permuted, and also some examples where the overall fold resembles both the TC motif and another unrelated fold. All extant TC families do not share a monophyletic origin, as several TC proteins are known to have been present in the last universal common ancestor and the last eukaryotic common ancestor. We identify several TCs where the zinc-chelating site and residues are not merely responsible for structure stabilization but also perform other functions, such as being redox active in C1B domain of protein kinase C, a nucleophilic acceptor in Ada and catalytic in organomercurial lyase, MerB.
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Abstract
Virulence gene expression serves two main functions, growth in/on the host, and the acquisition of nutrients. Therefore, it is obvious that nutrient availability is important to control expression of virulence genes. In any cell, enzymes are the components that are best informed about the availability of their respective substrates and products. It is thus not surprising that bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to employ this information in the control of gene expression. Enzymes that have a second (so-called moonlighting) function in the regulation of gene expression are collectively referred to as trigger enzymes. Trigger enzymes may have a second activity as a direct regulatory protein that can bind specific DNA or RNA targets under particular conditions or they may affect the activity of transcription factors by covalent modification or direct protein-protein interaction. In this chapter, we provide an overview on these mechanisms and discuss the relevance of trigger enzymes for virulence gene expression in bacterial pathogens.
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Carrano CJ. A Family of Homo- and Heteroscorpionate Ligands: Applications to Bioinorganic Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Carrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; San Diego State University; 92182-1030 San Diego CA USA
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McManus FP, Wilds CJ. O(6) -alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase-mediated repair of O(4) -alkylated 2'-deoxyuridines. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1966-77. [PMID: 25087488 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
O(6) -Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases (AGTs) are responsible for the removal of O(6) -alkyl 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and O(4) -alkyl thymidine (dT) adducts from the genome. Unlike the E. coli OGT (O(6) -alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase) protein, which can repair a range of O(4) -alkyl dT lesions, human AGT (hAGT) only removes methyl groups poorly. To uncover the influence of the C5 methyl group of dT on AGT repair, oligonucleotides containing O(4) -alkyl 2'-deoxyuridines (dU) were prepared. The ability of E. coli AGTs (Ada-C and OGT), human AGT, and an OGT/hAGT chimera to remove O(4) -methyl and larger adducts (4-hydroxybutyl and 7-hydroxyheptyl) from dU were examined and compared to those relating to the corresponding dT species. The absence of the C5 methyl group resulted in an increase in repair observed for the O(4) -methyl adducts by hAGT and the chimera. The chimera was proficient at repairing larger adducts at the O(4) atom of dU. There was no observed correlation between the binding affinities of the AGT homologues to adduct-containing oligonucleotides and the amounts of repair measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P McManus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6 (Canada)
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Yu F, Cangelosi VM, Zastrow ML, Tegoni M, Plegaria JS, Tebo AG, Mocny CS, Ruckthong L, Qayyum H, Pecoraro VL. Protein design: toward functional metalloenzymes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3495-578. [PMID: 24661096 PMCID: PMC4300145 DOI: 10.1021/cr400458x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Yu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alison G. Tebo
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Leela Ruckthong
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hira Qayyum
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Moser F, Horwitz A, Chen J, Lim WA, Voigt CA. Genetic sensor for strong methylating compounds. ACS Synth Biol 2013; 2:614-24. [PMID: 24032656 DOI: 10.1021/sb400086p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylating chemicals are common in industry and agriculture and are often toxic, partly due to their propensity to methylate DNA. The Escherichia coli Ada protein detects methylating compounds by sensing aberrant methyl adducts on the phosphoester backbone of DNA. We characterize this system as a genetic sensor and engineer it to lower the detection threshold. By overexpressing Ada from a plasmid, we improve the sensor’s dynamic range to 350-fold induction and lower its detection threshold to 40 μM for methyl iodide. In eukaryotes, there is no known sensor of methyl adducts on the phosphoester backbone of DNA. By fusing the N-terminal domain of Ada to the Gal4 transcriptional activation domain, we built a functional sensor for methyl phosphotriester adducts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This sensor can be tuned to variable specifications by altering the expression level of the chimeric sensor and changing the number of Ada operators upstream of the Gal4-sensitive reporter promoter. These changes result in a detection threshold of 28 μM and 5.2-fold induction in response to methyl iodide. When the yeast sensor is exposed to different SN1 and SN2 alkylating compounds, its response profile is similar to that observed for the native Ada protein in E. coli, indicating that its native function is retained in yeast. Finally, we demonstrate that the specifications achieved for the yeast sensor are suitable for detecting methylating compounds at relevant concentrations in environmental samples. This work demonstrates the movement of a sensor from a prokaryotic to eukaryotic system and its rational tuning to achieve desired specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Moser
- Synthetic Biology
Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Horwitz
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jacinto Chen
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Wendell A. Lim
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Christopher A. Voigt
- Synthetic Biology
Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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McManus FP, Wilds CJ. Engineering of a O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase chimera and repair of O4-alkyl thymidine adducts and O6-alkylene-2′-deoxyguanosine cross-linked DNA. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Stewart MD, Igumenova TI. Reactive cysteine in the structural Zn(2+) site of the C1B domain from PKCα. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7263-77. [PMID: 22913772 DOI: 10.1021/bi300750w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural cysteine-rich Zn(2+) sites that stabilize protein folds are considered to be unreactive. In this article, we identified a reactive cysteine residue, Cys151, in a treble-clef zinc finger with a Cys(3)His coordination sphere. The protein in question is the C1B domain of Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα). Mass-tagging cysteine assays of several C1B variants were employed to ascertain the site specificity of the covalent modification. The reactivity of Cys151 in C1B also manifests itself in the structural dynamics of the Zn(2+) coordination sphere where the Sγ of Cys151 alternates between the Zn(2+)-bound thiolate and free thiol states. We used NMR-detected pH titrations, ZZ-exchange spectroscopy, and residual dipolar coupling (RDC)-driven structure refinement to characterize the two exchanging conformations of C1B that differ in zinc coordination. Our data suggest that Cys151 serves as an entry point for the reactive oxygen species that activate PKCα in a process involving Zn(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela D Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States
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Young BD, Weiss DI, Zurita-Lopez CI, Webb KJ, Clarke SG, McBride AE. Identification of methylated proteins in the yeast small ribosomal subunit: a role for SPOUT methyltransferases in protein arginine methylation. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5091-104. [PMID: 22650761 DOI: 10.1021/bi300186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the posttranslational methylation of Rps2, Rps3, and Rps27a, three small ribosomal subunit proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis. We found that Rps2 is substoichiometrically modified at arginine-10 by the Rmt1 methyltransferase. We demonstrated that Rps3 is stoichiometrically modified by ω-monomethylation at arginine-146 by mass spectrometric and site-directed mutagenic analyses. Substitution of alanine for arginine at position 146 is associated with slow cell growth, suggesting that the amino acid identity at this site may influence ribosomal function and/or biogenesis. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Rps3 in S. cerevisiae shows that arginine-146 makes contacts with the small subunit rRNA. Screening of deletion mutants encoding potential yeast methyltransferases revealed that the loss of the YOR021C gene results in the absence of methylation of Rps3. We demonstrated that recombinant Yor021c catalyzes ω-monomethylarginine formation when incubated with S-adenosylmethionine and hypomethylated ribosomes prepared from a YOR021C deletion strain. Interestingly, Yor021c belongs to the family of SPOUT methyltransferases that, to date, have only been shown to modify RNA substrates. Our findings suggest a wider role for SPOUT methyltransferases in nature. Finally, we have demonstrated the presence of a stoichiometrically methylated cysteine residue at position 39 of Rps27a in a zinc-cysteine cluster. The discovery of these three novel sites of protein modification within the small ribosomal subunit will now allow for an analysis of their functional roles in translation and possibly other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Computer-based annotation of putative AraC/XylS-family transcription factors of known structure but unknown function. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:103132. [PMID: 22505803 PMCID: PMC3312330 DOI: 10.1155/2012/103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, about 20 crystal structures per day are released and deposited in the Protein Data Bank. A significant fraction of these structures is produced by research groups associated with the structural genomics consortium. The biological function of many of these proteins is generally unknown or not validated by experiment. Therefore, a growing need for functional prediction of protein structures has emerged. Here we present an integrated bioinformatics method that combines sequence-based relationships and three-dimensional (3D) structural similarity of transcriptional regulators with computer prediction of their cognate DNA binding sequences. We applied this method to the AraC/XylS family of transcription factors, which is a large family of transcriptional regulators found in many bacteria controlling the expression of genes involved in diverse biological functions. Three putative new members of this family with known 3D structure but unknown function were identified for which a probable functional classification is provided. Our bioinformatics analyses suggest that they could be involved in plant cell wall degradation (Lin2118 protein from Listeria innocua, PDB code 3oou), symbiotic nitrogen fixation (protein from Chromobacterium violaceum, PDB code 3oio), and either metabolism of plant-derived biomass or nitrogen fixation (protein from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, PDB code 3mn2).
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Quintal SM, dePaula QA, Farrell NP. Zinc finger proteins as templates for metal ion exchange and ligand reactivity. Chemical and biological consequences. Metallomics 2011; 3:121-39. [PMID: 21253649 DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger reactions with inorganic ions and coordination compounds are as diverse as the zinc fingers themselves. Use of metal ions such as Co(2+) and Cd(2+) has given structural, thermodynamic and kinetic information on zinc fingers and zinc-finger-DNA/RNA interactions. It is a general truism that alteration of the coordination sphere in the finger environment will disrupt the recognition with DNA/RNA and this has implications for mechanism of toxicity and carcinogenesis of metal ions. Structural zinc fingers are susceptible to electrophilic attack and the recognition that the coordination sphere of inorganic compounds may be modulated for control of electrophilic attack on zinc fingers raises the possibility of systematic studies of zinc fingers as drug targets using inorganic chemistry. Some inorganic compounds such as those of As(III) and Au(I) may exert their biological effects through inactivation of zinc fingers and novel approaches to specifically attack the zinc-bound ligands using Co(III)-Schiff bases and Platinum(II)-Nucleobase compounds have been proposed. The genomic importance of zinc fingers suggests that the "coordination chemistry" of zinc fingers themselves is ripe for exploration to design new targets for medicinal inorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Quintal
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main St., Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA
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Sénèque O, Latour JM. Coordination Properties of Zinc Finger Peptides Revisited: Ligand Competition Studies Reveal Higher Affinities for Zinc and Cobalt. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17760-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sénèque
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CEA/iRTSV/LCBM, UMR 5249 CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier/CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CEA/iRTSV/LCBM, UMR 5249 CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier/CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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Nguyen TTH, Eiamphungporn W, Mäder U, Liebeke M, Lalk M, Hecker M, Helmann JD, Antelmann H. Genome-wide responses to carbonyl electrophiles in Bacillus subtilis: control of the thiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase AdhA and cysteine proteinase YraA by the MerR-family regulator YraB (AdhR). Mol Microbiol 2008; 71:876-94. [PMID: 19170879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quinones and alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls are naturally occurring electrophiles that target cysteine residues via thiol-(S)-alkylation. We analysed the global expression profile of Bacillus subtilis to the toxic carbonyls methylglyoxal (MG) and formaldehyde (FA). Both carbonyl compounds cause a stress response characteristic for thiol-reactive electrophiles as revealed by the induction of the Spx, CtsR, CymR, PerR, ArsR, CzrA, CsoR and SigmaD regulons. MG and FA triggered also a SOS response which indicates DNA damage. Protection against FA is mediated by both the hxlAB operon, encoding the ribulose monophosphate pathway for FA fixation, and a thiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (AdhA) and DJ-1/PfpI-family cysteine proteinase (YraA). The adhA-yraA operon and the yraC gene, encoding a gamma-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase, are positively regulated by the MerR-family regulator, YraB(AdhR). AdhR binds specifically to its target promoters which contain a 7-4-7 inverted repeat (CTTAAAG-N4-CTTTAAG) between the -35 and -10 elements. Activation of adhA-yraA transcription by AdhR requires the conserved Cys52 residue in vivo. We speculate that AdhR is redox-regulated via thiol-(S)-alkylation by aldehydes and that AdhA and YraA are specifically involved in reduction of aldehydes and degradation or repair of damaged thiol-containing proteins respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Fu Y, Pastushok L, Xiao W. DNA damage-induced gene expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:908-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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21
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Sénèque O, Bourlès E, Lebrun V, Bonnet E, Dumy P, Latour JM. Cyclic peptides bearing a side-chain tail: a tool to model the structure and reactivity of protein zinc sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6888-91. [PMID: 18651686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sénèque
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CNRS UMR 5249, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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Picot D, Ohanessian G, Frison G. The Alkylation Mechanism of Zinc-Bound Thiolates Depends upon the Zinc Ligands. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8167-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800697s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Picot
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Ohanessian
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Sénèque O, Bourlès E, Lebrun V, Bonnet E, Dumy P, Latour JM. Cyclic Peptides Bearing a Side-Chain Tail: A Tool to Model the Structure and Reactivity of Protein Zinc Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Penner-Hahn J. Zinc-promoted alkyl transfer: a new role for zinc. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2007; 11:166-71. [PMID: 17376731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The roles of zinc in biology are often thought to be limited to activating water, as in hydrolytic enzymes, and conferring structure, as in the zinc finger proteins. Over the past 15 years, it has been shown that there are many zinc-containing proteins that have 'structural-like' zinc sites with multiple cysteine ligands but in which the site promotes the alkylation of a zinc-bound thiolate. Recent work continues to extend the range of proteins showing zinc-promoted alkytransfer activity, and has refined the structural details of these sites. Of particular interest are recent crystal structures suggesting that in most cases the endogenous ligand that is displaced when the substrate thiol bind is an endogenous amino acid and not water, as had been previously thought. Despite extensive study, it remains unclear whether these enzymes function via an associative mechanism (direct alkylation of a zinc-bound thiolate) or a dissociate mechanism (nucleophilic attack by a free thiolate that has dissociated from the zinc).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Research Division, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055 USA.
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