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Ueda T. [Modulation of Aggregation and Immunogenicity of a Protein: Based on the Study of Hen Lysozyme]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:299-310. [PMID: 38432940 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the modulation of protein aggregation and immunogenicity. As a starting point for investigating long-range interactions within a non-native protein, the effects of perturbing denatured protein states on their aggregation, including the formation of amyloid fibrils, were evaluated. The effects of adducts, sugar modifications, and stabilization on protein aggregation were then examined. We also investigated how protein immunogenicity was affected by enhancing protein conformational stability and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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2
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Jansens KJA, Lambrecht MA, Rombouts I, Monge Morera M, Brijs K, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Delcour JA. Conditions Governing Food Protein Amyloid Fibril Formation-Part I: Egg and Cereal Proteins. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1256-1276. [PMID: 33336994 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conditions including heating mode, time, temperature, pH, moisture and protein concentration, shear, and the presence of alcohols, chaotropic/reducing agents, enzymes, and/or salt influence amyloid fibril (AF) formation as they can affect the accessibility of amino acid sequences prone to aggregate. As some conditions applied on model protein resemble conditions in food processing unit operations, we here hypothesize that food processing can lead to formation of protein AFs with a compact cross β-sheet structure. This paper reviews conditions and food constituents that affect amyloid fibrillation of egg and cereal proteins. While egg and cereal proteins often coexist in food products, their impact on each other's fibrillation remains unknown. Hen egg ovalbumin and lysozyme form AFs when subjected to moderate heating at acidic pH separately. AFs can also be formed at higher pH, especially in the presence of alcohols or chaotropic/reducing agents. Tryptic wheat gluten digests can form fibrillar structures at neutral pH and maize and rice proteins do so in aqueous ethanol or at acidic pH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen J A Jansens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Nutrex NV, Achterstenhoek 5, B-2275, Lille, Belgium
| | - Marlies A Lambrecht
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Rombouts
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, ECOVO, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margarita Monge Morera
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Brijs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, and Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, and Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Dyawanapelly S, Jagtap DD, Dandekar P, Ghosh G, Jain R. Assessing safety and protein interactions of surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for potential use in biomedical areas. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:408-420. [PMID: 28388527 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the electrostatic interaction between bare iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) or low molecular weight chitosan coated iron oxide nanoparticles (LMWC-IONPs) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) at different pH values using protein-nanoparticle reverse charge parity model. Physicochemical characterization of both IONPs and LMWC-IONPs were carried out using DLS, TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, TGA, XPS and VSM analysis. DLS, TEM and FE-SEM results indicated that both IONPs were monodispersed, with size ranging from 8 to 20nm. The coating of LMWC on IONPs was confirmed using zeta potential, TGA, XRD and XPS measurements. The cytotoxicity of both IONPs and LMWC-IONPs was studied in vitro in A549 human lung alveolar epithelial cells to assess their use in biomedical applications. Furthermore, the interactions between protein-nanoparticles were investigated by UV-visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. The present study suggests that water soluble LMWC surface modified IONPs are the promising nanomaterials. The safety and biocompatibility of these nanoparticles render them suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, NP Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Dhanashree D Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, NP Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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4
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Zhu W, Silvers R, Schwalbe H, Keiderling TA. Reduced and mutant lysozyme refolding with lipid vesicles. Model study of disulfide impact on equilibria and dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1083-1092. [PMID: 27240304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of secondary structure in disordered, disulfide-reduced hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) upon interaction with lipid vesicles was studied using circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence and infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques. Lipid vesicles having negative head groups, such as DMPG, interact with reduced HEWL to induce formation of more helical structure than in native HEWL, but no stable tertiary structure was evident. Changes in tertiary structure, as evidenced by local environment of the tryptophan residues, were monitored by fluorescence. Spectra for oxidized HEWL, reduced HEWL and mutants with no or just one disulfide bond developed variable degrees of increased helicity when added to negatively charged lipid vesicles, mostly depending on packing of tails. When mixed with zwitterionic lipid vesicles, reduced HEWL developed β-sheet structure with no change in helicity, indicating an altered interaction mechanism. Stopped flow CD and fluorescence dynamics, were fit to multi-exponential forms, consistent with refolding to metastable intermediates of increasing helicity for HEWL interacting with lipid vesicles. Formation of an intermediate after rapid interaction of the lipid vesicles and the protein is supported by the correlation of faster steps in CD and fluorescence kinetics, and largely appears driven by electrostatic interaction. In subsequent slower steps, the partially refolded intermediate further alters structure, gaining helicity and modifying tryptophan packing, as driven by hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., m/c 111, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA
| | - Robert Silvers
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt,, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt,, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Timothy A Keiderling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., m/c 111, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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5
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Physicochemical study of the interaction of lysozyme with surface active ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate [BMIM] [OS] in aqueous and buffer media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Luan B, Lyle N, Pappu RV, Raleigh DP. Denatured state ensembles with the same radii of gyration can form significantly different long-range contacts. Biochemistry 2013; 53:39-47. [PMID: 24280003 DOI: 10.1021/bi4008337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Defining the structural, dynamic, and energetic properties of the unfolded state of proteins is critical for an in-depth understanding of protein folding, protein thermodynamics, and protein aggregation. Here we analyze long-range contacts and compactness in two apparently fully unfolded ensembles of the same protein: the acid unfolded state of the C-terminal domain of ribosomal protein L9 in the absence of high concentrations of urea as well as the urea unfolded state at low pH. Small angle X-ray scattering reveals that the two states are expanded with values of Rg differing by <7%. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) nuclear magnetic resonance studies, however, reveal that the acid unfolded state samples conformations that facilitate contacts between residues that are distant in sequence while the urea unfolded state ensemble does not. The experimental PRE profiles for the acid unfolded state differ significantly from these predicted using an excluded volume limit ensemble, but these long-range contacts are largely eliminated by the addition of 8 M urea. The work shows that expanded unfolded states can sample very different distributions of long-range contacts yet still have similar radii of gyration. The implications for protein folding and for the characterization of unfolded states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowu Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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7
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Chong SH, Ham S. Conformational Entropy of Intrinsically Disordered Protein. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5503-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Ho Chong
- Department
of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul
140-742, Korea
| | - Sihyun Ham
- Department
of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul
140-742, Korea
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8
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Meng W, Luan B, Lyle N, Pappu RV, Raleigh DP. The Denatured State Ensemble Contains Significant Local and Long-Range Structure under Native Conditions: Analysis of the N-Terminal Domain of Ribosomal Protein L9. Biochemistry 2013; 52:2662-71. [DOI: 10.1021/bi301667u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
| | - Bowu Luan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
| | - Nicholas Lyle
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive,
Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Rohit V. Pappu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive,
Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Daniel P. Raleigh
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry
and Structural Biology and Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794,
United States
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9
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Abe M, Abe Y, Ohkuri T, Mishima T, Monji A, Kanba S, Ueda T. Mechanism for retardation of amyloid fibril formation by sugars in Vλ6 protein. Protein Sci 2013; 22:467-74. [PMID: 23389799 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sugars, which function as osmolytes within cells, retard the amyloid fibril formation of the amyloidosis peptides and proteins. To examine the mechanism of this retardation in detail, we analyzed the effect of sugars (trehalose, sucrose, and glucose) on the polypeptide chains in 3Hmut Wil, which is formed by the mutation of three His residues in Wil mutant as a cause of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, at pH 2, a pH condition under which 3Hmut Wil was almost denatured. Sugars caused the folding of 3Hmut Wil so that its polypeptide chains adopted a native-like rather than a denatured conformation, as suggested by tryptophan fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, and heteronuclear NMR. Furthermore, these sugars promoted the folding to a native-like conformation according to the effect of preferential hydration rather than direct interaction. However, the type of sugar had no effect on the elongation of amyloid fibrils. Therefore, it was concluded that sugar affected the thermodynamic stability of 3Hmut Wil but not the elongation of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abe
- Department of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sugimoto Y, Kamada Y, Tokunaga Y, Shinohara H, Matsumoto M, Kusakabe T, Ohkuri T, Ueda T. Aggregates with lysozyme and ovalbumin show features of amyloid-like fibrils. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:533-44. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of egg-white lysozyme with N-ovalbumin, the native form of egg-white ovalbumin with the denaturation temperature, Tm, of 78 °C, was investigated by the inhibition of lysozyme muramidase activity, differential scanning calorimetry, and circular dichroism assay as indicators. Signals for the interaction were the most prominent when the mixture of lysozyme and N-ovalbumin was co-heated at 72 °C, slightly lower than the Tm of N-ovalbumin. The interaction was also marked when unheated lysozyme was mixed with N-ovalbumin preheated at 72 °C. Moreover, the mixture rapidly formed fibrous precipitates, which were positive for thioflavin T fluorescent emission, a marker for the amyloid fibril formation. Also electron microscopic observation exhibited features of fibrils. The interaction potency of ovalbumin was ascribed to the tryptic fragment ILELPFASGT MSMLVLLPDE VSGLEQLESIINFEK (residues 229–263), derived from the 2B strands 2 and 3 of ovalbumin. From lysozyme, on the other hand, the chymotryptic peptide RNRCKGTDVQAW (residues 112–123), including cluster 6, and the chymotryptic/tryptic peptide GILQINSRW (residues 54–62), including cluster 3, were responsible for the interaction with N-ovalbumin. Interestingly, this nonamer peptide was found to have the ability to self-aggregate. To the authors knowledge, this may be the first report to document the possible involvement of dual proteins in the formation of amyloid-like fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sugimoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kamada
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Yuhei Tokunaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinohara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ohkuri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
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11
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Swaminathan R, Ravi VK, Kumar S, Kumar MVS, Chandra N. Lysozyme: a model protein for amyloid research. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2011; 84:63-111. [PMID: 21846563 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386483-3.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since lysozyme was discovered by Fleming in 1922, this protein has emerged as a model for investigations on protein structure and function. Over the years, several high-resolution structures have yielded a wealth of structural data on this protein. Extensive studies on folding of lysozyme have shown how different regions of this protein dynamically interact with one another. Data is also available from numerous biotechnological studies wherein lysozyme has been employed as a model protein for recovering active recombinant protein from inclusion bodies using small molecules like l-arginine. A variety of conditions have been developed in vitro to induce fibrillation in hen lysozyme. They include (a) acidic pH at elevated temperature, (b) concentrated solutions of ethanol, (c) moderate concentrations of guanidinium hydrochloride at moderate temperature, and (d) alkaline pH at room temperature. This review aims to bring together similarities and differences in aggregation mechanisms, morphology of aggregates, and related issues that arise using the different conditions mentioned above to improve our understanding. The alkaline pH condition (pH 12.2), discovered and studied extensively in our lab, shall receive special attention. More than a decade ago, it was revealed that mutations in human lysozyme can cause accumulation of large quantities of amyloid in liver, kidney, and other regions of gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the mechanism of lysozyme aggregation will probably have therapeutic implications for the treatment of systemic nonneuropathic amyloidosis. Numerous studies have begun to focus attention on inhibition of lysozyme aggregation using antibody or small molecules. The enzymatic activity of lysozyme presents a convenient handle to quantify the native population of lysozyme in a sample where aggregation has been inhibited. The rich information available on lysozyme coupled with the multiple conditions that have been successful in inducing/inhibiting its aggregation in vitro makes lysozyme an ideal model protein to investigate amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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12
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Zhang X, Yuan J, Niu L, Liang A. Quantitative analysis and functional evaluation of zinc ion in the D-hydantoinase from Pseudomonas putida YZ-26. Biometals 2009; 23:71-81. [PMID: 19890726 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
D-hydantoinase (HDT) is a metal-dependent enzyme that is widely used in industrial bioconversion to D-amino acids as valuable intermediates in the fields of food, pharmaceutical industry and agriculture. In this report, we prepared apo-HDT (metal-removed HDT) and Zn(2+)-HDT (Zn(2+)-added HDT) in vitro from a recombinant HDT (re-HDT) expressed in E. coli. The Zn(2+)-HDT and re-HDT contain 2.17 and 0.95 mol Zn(2+) per mol subunit, respectively, and they have comparable enzymatic activities. In contrast, the apo-HDT only retains 0.04 mol Zn(2+) per mol subunit with less than 10% activity, compared with the re-HDT. When the apo-HDT was reconstituted with ZnCl(2), the enzymatic activity recovery was about 75%. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity, circular dichroism spectra and thermo-stability of the apo-HDT and Zn(2+)-HDT are quite different from those of the re-HDT. These data suggest that the re-HDT may have two Zn(2+)-binding sites, one is an intrinsic or tight-binding site (zinc-alpha) essential for its activity and the other is a vacant or loose-binding site (zinc-beta) possibly non-essential for the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, 92 Wu-cheng Road, 030006 Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Mishima T, Ohkuri T, Monji A, Kanemaru T, Abe Y, Ueda T. Residual Structures in the Acid-Unfolded States of Vλ6 Proteins Affect Amyloid Fibrillation. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:1033-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Jahn TR, Radford SE. Folding versus aggregation: polypeptide conformations on competing pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 469:100-17. [PMID: 17588526 PMCID: PMC2706318 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation has now become recognised as an important and generic aspect of protein energy landscapes. Since the discovery that numerous human diseases are caused by protein aggregation, the biophysical characterisation of misfolded states and their aggregation mechanisms has received increased attention. Utilising experimental techniques and computational approaches established for the analysis of protein folding reactions has ensured rapid advances in the study of pathways leading to amyloid fibrils and amyloid-related aggregates. Here we describe recent experimental and theoretical advances in the elucidation of the conformational properties of dynamic, heterogeneous and/or insoluble protein ensembles populated on complex, multidimensional protein energy landscapes. We discuss current understanding of aggregation mechanisms in this context and describe how the synergy between biochemical, biophysical and cell-biological experiments are beginning to provide detailed insights into the partitioning of non-native species between protein folding and aggregation pathways.
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15
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Mishima T, Ohkuri T, Monji A, Imoto T, Ueda T. A particular hydrophobic cluster in the residual structure of reduced lysozyme drastically affects the amyloid fibrils formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:769-72. [PMID: 17382294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Six hydrophobic clusters involved in long-range interaction have been identified in the residual structure of reduced lysozyme at pH 2. Recently, it was found that modulation in the residual structure affected amyloid formation. In this paper, we examined the effect of the hydrophobic cluster containing W111 (cluster 5) on amyloid fibril formation of reduced lysozyme. The reduced W62G lysozyme, in which most of the hydrophobic clusters except for cluster 5 are disrupted, formed hardly any amyloid fibrils in comparison with the reduced wild-type. However, the disruption of cluster 5 by the mutation of Trp111 to Gly allowed significant amyloid fibril formation of reduced W62G lysozyme. Moreover, the extent of amyloid formation in the reduced W62G/W111G lysozyme was greater than that of the reduced wild-type lysozyme. From the above results, it became clear that cluster 5 contributed to retarding the amyloid fibrils formation of the W62G lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Mishima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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