Yu L, Yang GB. Progress in research on C-chemokine XCL1.
Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017;
25:602-609. [DOI:
10.11569/wcjd.v25.i7.602]
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Abstract
XCL1, also known as lymphotactin, is the only known member of the C-type-chemokine family, which is produced mainly by CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. XCL1 has a unique amino acid sequence feature and two interchangeable conformations, which makes XCL1 different from other chemokines in structure and function. The XCL1-specific receptor, XCR1, is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family and plays an important role in the negative selection of T cells in the thymus and in the initiation of cross-antigen presentation and mediation of cytotoxic immune responses. XCL1 can regulate the balance of the immune system and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, and it is involved in a variety of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, nephritis, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In recent years, the selective expression of XCR1 on CD8+ DCs with strong cross antigen-presention ability has been proved, which has led to studies using XCL1 for mucosal immunization, antitumor immunotherapy and targeted vaccine development.
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