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Singh S, Singh S, Mehta H, Chatterjee D, Jindal AK, Vinay K. Unravelling the mystery: severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome with a novel homozygous mutation in DSG1. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:624-626. [PMID: 38240109 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We describe a rare case of a patient with severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome with a novel mutation in DSG1 with histology showing a psoriasiform pattern. The article underscores the importance of genetic testing for conclusive diagnosis. Treatment challenges, including unresponsiveness to acitretin and subsequent use of ciclosporin, highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing SAM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ankur Kumar Jindal
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Chong AC, Visitsunthorn K, Ong PY. Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1681-1700. [PMID: 36447957 PMCID: PMC9701514 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s293900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions in humans. AD affects up to 20% of children worldwide and results in morbidity for both patients and their caregivers. The basis of AD is an interplay between genetics and the environment characterized by immune dysregulation. A myriad of mutations that compromise the skin barrier and/or immune function have been linked to AD. Of these, filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations are the most evidenced. Many other mutations have been implicated in isolated studies that are often unreplicated, creating an archive of genes with potential but unconfirmed relevance to AD. Harnessing big data, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may provide a more practical strategy for identifying the genetic signatures of AD. Epigenetics may also play a role. Staphylococcus aureus is the most evidenced microbial contributor to AD. Cutaneous dysbiosis may result in over-colonization by pathogenic strains and aberrant skin immunity and inflammation. Aeroallergens, air pollution, and climate are other key environmental contributors to AD. The right climate and/or commensals may improve AD for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Chong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peck Y Ong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pan C, Zhao A, Li M. Atopic Dermatitis-like Genodermatosis: Disease Diagnosis and Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092177. [PMID: 36140582 PMCID: PMC9498295 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eczema is a classical characteristic not only in atopic dermatitis but also in various genodermatosis. Patients suffering from primary immunodeficiency diseases such as hyper-immunoglobulin E syndromes, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, STAT5B deficiency, Omenn syndrome, atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome; metabolic disorders such as acrodermatitis enteropathy, multiple carboxylase deficiency, prolidase deficiency; and other rare syndromes like severe dermatitis, multiple allergies and metabolic wasting syndrome, Netherton syndrome, and peeling skin syndrome frequently perform with eczema-like lesions. These genodermatosis may be misguided in the context of eczematous phenotype. Misdiagnosis of severe disorders unavoidably affects appropriate treatment and leads to irreversible outcomes for patients, which underlines the importance of molecular diagnosis and genetic analysis. Here we conclude clinical manifestations, molecular mechanism, diagnosis and management of several eczema-related genodermatosis and provide accessible advice to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2125078571
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4
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Cardiac features in a patient with erythrokeratodermia cardiomyopathy syndrome. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:993-995. [PMID: 34629121 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121004108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Patients with erythrokeratodermia cardiomyopathy syndrome exhibit congenital, generalised erythrokeratoderma and dilated cardiomyopathy during early childhood. We report a case of erythrokeratodermia cardiomyopathy syndrome in a 15-year-old male patient and focus this report on cardiac features that were present.
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Zheng Y, Xu Q, Lai W. Novel Point Mutation of EBSS Gene Coexisted with 1p36 Deletion. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:463-466. [PMID: 34616129 PMCID: PMC8460473 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
EBSS (epidermolysis bullosa simplex superficialis) is mainly caused by gene mutations which targeted protein as plakophilin1, desmoplakin and keratins. 1p36 gene deleted could cause typical clinical manifestations and might also affect the expression of functional genes in other regions. Here we reported the first case of PKP1 gene and DSP gene mutation coexisted with 1p36 deletion presented as serious EBSS and 1p36 deletion syndromes and identified a new homozygous mutation in the PKP1 gene (chr1:201292246 c.1672 T>C) and in the DSP gene (chr6:7580346 c.3923C>T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Stadler PC, Renner ED, Milner J, Wollenberg A. Inborn Error of Immunity or Atopic Dermatitis: When to be Concerned and How to Investigate. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:1501-1507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Petersen LH, Lange S. Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function, and Gene Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32411128 PMCID: PMC7198796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alligators are crocodilians and among few species that endured the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. With long life spans, low metabolic rates, unusual immunological characteristics, including strong antibacterial and antiviral ability, and cancer resistance, crocodilians may hold information for molecular pathways underlying such physiological traits. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of calcium-activated enzymes that cause posttranslational protein deimination/citrullination in a range of target proteins contributing to protein moonlighting functions in health and disease. PADs are phylogenetically conserved and are also a key regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical part of cellular communication. As little is known about PAD-mediated mechanisms in reptile immunology, this study was aimed at profiling EVs and protein deimination in Alligator mississippiensis. Alligator plasma EVs were found to be polydispersed in a 50-400-nm size range. Key immune, metabolic, and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be posttranslationally deiminated in plasma and plasma EVs, with some overlapping hits, while some were unique to either plasma or plasma EVs. In whole plasma, 112 target proteins were identified to be deiminated, while 77 proteins were found as deiminated protein hits in plasma EVs, whereof 31 were specific for EVs only, including proteins specific for gene regulatory functions (e.g., histones). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed KEGG pathways specific to deiminated proteins in whole plasma related to adipocytokine signaling, while KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins specific to EVs included ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as core histones. This highlights roles for EV-mediated export of deiminated protein cargo with roles in metabolism and gene regulation, also related to cancer. The identification of posttranslational deimination and EV-mediated communication in alligator plasma revealed here contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in these ancient reptiles, providing novel insight into their unusual immune systems and physiological traits. In addition, our findings may shed light on pathways underlying cancer resistance, antibacterial and antiviral resistance, with translatable value to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galvestone, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Magnadóttir B, Uysal-Onganer P, Kraev I, Svansson V, Hayes P, Lange S. Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles - Novel serum biomarkers in whales and orca. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 34:100676. [PMID: 32114311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of phylogenetically conserved calcium-dependent enzymes which cause post-translational protein deimination. This can result in neoepitope generation, affect gene regulation and allow for protein moonlighting via functional and structural changes in target proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo proteins and genetic material and are released from cells as part of cellular communication. EVs are found in most body fluids where they can be useful biomarkers for assessment of health status. Here, serum-derived EVs were profiled, and post-translationally deiminated proteins and EV-related microRNAs are described in 5 ceataceans: minke whale, fin whale, humpback whale, Cuvier's beaked whale and orca. EV-serum profiles were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. EV profiles varied between the 5 species and were identified to contain deiminated proteins and selected key inflammatory and metabolic microRNAs. A range of proteins, critical for immune responses and metabolism were identified to be deiminated in cetacean sera, with some shared KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins relating to immunity and physiology, while some KEGG pathways were species-specific. This is the first study to characterise and profile EVs and to report deiminated proteins and putative effects of protein-protein interaction networks via such post-translationald deimination in cetaceans, revealing key immune and metabolic factors to undergo this post-translational modification. Deiminated proteins and EVs profiles may possibly be developed as new biomarkers for assessing health status of sea mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Vilhjálmur Svansson
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Polly Hayes
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Lange S. Deiminated proteins in extracellular vesicles and serum of llama (Lama glama)-Novel insights into camelid immunity. Mol Immunol 2020; 117:37-53. [PMID: 31733447 PMCID: PMC7112542 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved calcium-dependent enzymes which post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner, causing functional and structural changes in target proteins. Protein deimination causes generation of neo-epitopes, affects gene regulation and also allows for protein moonlighting. Furthermore, PADs have been found to be a phylogenetically conserved regulator for extracellular vesicle (EVs) release. EVs are found in most body fluids and participate in cellular communication via transfer of cargo proteins and genetic material. In this study, post-translationally deiminated proteins in serum and serum-EVs are described for the first time in camelids, using the llama (Lama glama L. 1758) as a model animal. We report a poly-dispersed population of llama serum EVs, positive for phylogenetically conserved EV-specific markers and characterised by TEM. In serum, 103 deiminated proteins were overall identified, including key immune and metabolic mediators including complement components, immunoglobulin-based nanobodies, adiponectin and heat shock proteins. In serum, 60 deiminated proteins were identified that were not in EVs, and 25 deiminated proteins were found to be unique to EVs, with 43 shared deiminated protein hits between both serum and EVs. Deiminated histone H3, a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, was also detected in llama serum. PAD homologues were identified in llama serum by Western blotting, via cross reaction with human PAD antibodies, and detected at an expected 70 kDa size. This is the first report of deiminated proteins in serum and EVs of a camelid species, highlighting a hitherto unrecognized post-translational modification in key immune and metabolic proteins in camelids, which may be translatable to and inform a range of human metabolic and inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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