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Mattiucci A, Girolomoni G, Cassina M, Zoller T, Antoniazzi F, Schena D. Cantú syndrome: A new case and evolution of clinical conditions during first 2-year follow-up. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6928. [PMID: 36873080 PMCID: PMC9979969 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantú syndrome, or hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, characteristic dysmorphisms, skeletal abnormalities and cardiomegaly. We report on a 7-year-old girl with congenital generalized hypertrichosis, coarse facial appearance and cardiac involvement, with a de novo heterozygous mutation (c.3461G > A) in the ABCC9 gene. During the annual cardiac follow-up at the age of nine the echocardiogram showed mild left ventricular dilatation in consideration of which she started ramipril treatment. The progression of the clinical manifestations of Cantú syndrome highlights the relevance of an early diagnosis, including genetic analysis, and a multidisciplinary approach with long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mattiucci
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Pediatric Clinic, Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and PediatricsUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and PediatricsUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Donatella Schena
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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2
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Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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3
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Trüeb RM, Caballero-Uribe N. Minoxidil-induced hypertrichosis in a breastfed infant. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e224-e225. [PMID: 34657321 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Trüeb
- Center for Dermatology and Hair Diseases Professor Trüeb, Zurich-Wallisellen, Switzerland
| | - N Caballero-Uribe
- Department of Dermatology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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4
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Jackson A, Banka S, Stewart H, Robinson H, Lovell S, Clayton-Smith J. Recurrent KCNT2 missense variants affecting p.Arg190 result in a recognizable phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3083-3091. [PMID: 34061450 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
KCNT2 variants resulting in substitutions affecting the Arg190 residue have been shown to cause epileptic encephalopathy and a recognizable facial gestalt. We report two additional individuals with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypertrichosis, macrocephaly and the same de novo KCNT2 missense variants affecting the Arg190 residue as previously described. Notably, neither patient has epilepsy. Homology modeling of these missense variants revealed that they are likely to disrupt the stabilization of a closed channel conformation of KCNT2 resulting in a constitutively open state. This is the first report of pathogenic variants in KCNT2 causing a developmental phenotype without epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Hospital, Oxford, UK
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- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Department of Peninsula Clinical Genetics, Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Simon Lovell
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gripp KW, Smithson SF, Scurr IJ, Baptista J, Majumdar A, Pierre G, Williams M, Henderson LB, Wentzensen IM, McLaughlin H, Leeuwen L, Simon MEH, van Binsbergen E, Dinulos MBP, Kaplan JD, McRae A, Superti-Furga A, Good JM, Kutsche K. Syndromic disorders caused by gain-of-function variants in KCNH1, KCNK4, and KCNN3-a subgroup of K + channelopathies. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1384-1395. [PMID: 33594261 PMCID: PMC8440610 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased or increased activity of potassium channels caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function (GOF) variants in the corresponding genes, respectively, underlies a broad spectrum of human disorders affecting the central nervous system, heart, kidney, and other organs. While the association of epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) with variants affecting function in genes encoding potassium channels is well known, GOF missense variants in K+ channel encoding genes in individuals with syndromic developmental disorders have only recently been recognized. These syndromic phenotypes include Zimmermann–Laband and Temple–Baraitser syndromes, caused by dominant variants in KCNH1, FHEIG syndrome due to dominant variants in KCNK4, and the clinical picture associated with dominant variants in KCNN3. Here we review the presentation of these individuals, including five newly reported with variants in KCNH1 and three additional individuals with KCNN3 variants, all variants likely affecting function. There is notable overlap in the phenotypic findings of these syndromes associated with dominant KCNN3, KCNH1, and KCNK4 variants, sharing developmental delay and/or ID, coarse facial features, gingival enlargement, distal digital hypoplasia, and hypertrichosis. We suggest to combine the phenotypes and define a new subgroup of potassium channelopathies caused by increased K+ conductance, referred to as syndromic neurodevelopmental K+ channelopathies due to dominant variants in KCNH1, KCNK4, or KCNN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sarah F Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingrid J Scurr
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia Baptista
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anirban Majumdar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Germaine Pierre
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisette Leeuwen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Beth P Dinulos
- Section of Genetics and Child Development, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Anne McRae
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Good
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Aguayo‐Orozco TA, Ríos‐González BE, Castro‐Martínez AG, Ruiz‐Ramírez AV, Figuera LE. Generalized hypertrichosis syndromes in Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thania Alejandra Aguayo‐Orozco
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | | | | | - Andrea Virginia Ruiz‐Ramírez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
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Kortüm F, Niceta M, Magliozzi M, Dumic Kubat K, Robertson SP, Moresco A, Dentici ML, Baban A, Leoni C, Onesimo R, Obregon MG, Digilio MC, Zampino G, Novelli A, Tartaglia M, Kutsche K. Cantú syndrome versus Zimmermann-Laband syndrome: Report of nine individuals with ABCC9 variants. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103996. [PMID: 32622958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cantú syndrome (CS) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by a coarse facial appearance, macrocephaly, hypertrichosis, skeletal and cardiovascular anomalies and caused by heterozygous gain-of-function variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8, encoding subunits of heterooctameric ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. CS shows considerable clinical overlap with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS), a rare condition with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, gingival overgrowth, intellectual disability of variable degree, and hypoplasia or aplasia of terminal phalanges and/or nails. ZLS is caused by heterozygous gain-of-function variants in KCNH1 or KCNN3, and gain-of-function KCNK4 variants underlie the clinically similar FHEIG (facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual disability/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth) syndrome; KCNH1, KCNN3 and KCNK4 encode potassium channels. Within our research project on ZLS, we performed targeted Sanger sequencing of ABCC9 in 15 individuals tested negative for a mutation in the ZLS-associated genes and found two individuals harboring a heterozygous pathogenic ABCC9 missense variant. Through a collaborative effort, we identified a total of nine individuals carrying a monoallelic ABCC9 variant: five sporadic patients and four members of two unrelated families. Among the six detected ABCC9 missense variants, four [p.(Pro252Leu), p.(Thr259Lys), p.(Ala1064Pro), and p.(Arg1197His)] were novel. Systematic assessment of the clinical features in the nine cases with an ABCC9 variant highlights the significant clinical overlap between ZLS and CS that includes early developmental delay, hypertrichosis, gingival overgrowth, joint laxity, and hypoplasia of terminal phalanges and nails. Gain of K+ channel activity possibly accounts for significant clinical similarities of CS, ZLS and FHEIG syndrome and defines a new subgroup of potassium channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Angelica Moresco
- Paediatric Hospital Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- The European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart - ERN GUARD-Heart, Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center of Rare Diseases and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center of Rare Diseases and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center of Rare Diseases and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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