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Dufour D, Li H, Gong SG, Lévesque CM. Transcriptome Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Quorum Sensing-Mediated Persisters Reveals an Enrichment in Genes Related to Stress Defense Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1887. [PMID: 37895236 PMCID: PMC10606796 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persisters are a small fraction of growth-arrested phenotypic variants that can survive lethal concentrations of antibiotics but are able to resume growth once antibiotics are stopped. Their formation can be a stochastic process or one triggered by environmental cues. In the human pathogen Streptococcus mutans, the canonical peptide-based quorum-sensing system is an inducible DNA repair system that is pivotal for bacterial survival. Previous work has shown that the CSP-signaling peptide is a stress-signaling alarmone that promotes the formation of stress-induced persisters. In this study, we exposed S. mutans to the CSP pheromone to mimic DNA damage conditions and isolated the antibiotic persisters by treating the cultures with ofloxacin. A transcriptome analysis was then performed to evaluate the differential gene expression between the normal stationary-phase cells and the persisters. RNA sequencing revealed that triggered persistence was associated with the upregulation of genes related to several stress defense mechanisms, notably, multidrug efflux pumps, the arginine deaminase pathway, and the Opu/Opc system. In addition, we showed that inactivation of the VicK kinase of the YycFG essential two-component regulatory system abolished the formation of triggered persisters via the CSP pheromone. These data contribute to the understanding of the triggered persistence phenotype and may suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating persistent streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline M. Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (D.D.); (H.L.); (S.-G.G.)
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Zhao Z, Wu J, Sun Z, Fan J, Liu F, Zhao W, Liu WH, Zhang M, Hung WL. Postbiotics Derived from L. paracasei ET-22 Inhibit the Formation of S. mutans Biofilms and Bioactive Substances: An Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031236. [PMID: 36770903 PMCID: PMC9919839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, dental caries is one of the most common non-communicable diseases for patients of all ages; Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is its principal pathogen. Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) shows excellent anti-pathogens and immune-regulation functions in the host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of L. paracasei ET-22 on the formation of S. mutans biofilms. The living bacteria, heat-killed bacteria, and secretions of L. paracasei ET-22 were prepared using the same number of bacteria. In vitro, they were added into artificial-saliva medium, and used to coculture with the S. mutans. Results showed that the living bacteria and secretions of L. paracasei ET-22 inhibited biofilm-growth, the synthesis of water-soluble polysaccharide and water-insoluble polysaccharide, and virulence-gene-expression levels related to the formation of S. mutans biofilms. Surprisingly, the heat-killed L. paracasei ET-22, which is a postbiotic, also showed a similar regulation function. Non-targeted metabonomics technology was used to identify multiple potential active-substances in the postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 that inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilms, including phenyllactic acid, zidovudine monophosphate, and citrulline. In conclusion, live bacteria and its postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 all have inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm. The postbiotics of L. paracasei ET-22 may be a promising biological anticariogenic-agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- China Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Jinbo Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.-L.H.)
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.-L.H.)
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Wang R, Wang Y, Lei Z, Hao L, Jiang L. Glucosyltransferase modulated Streptococcus mutans adhesion to different surfaces involved in biofilm formation by atomic force microscope. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:493-500. [PMID: 36047500 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm on dental restorative materials is an important determinant in the aetiology of secondary caries development. Formation of biofilm involving adhesion of bacteria onto substrate, bacterial cell and biofilm surfaces. Glucosyltransferase B and C (GtfB and GtfC) are essential factors for regulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, but the mechanisms involving different kind of bacterial adhesion still lack detailed description. In this study, nanoscale adhesion force measurement was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bacteria-coated cantilevers were used to probe S. mutans adhesion to substrates, bacterial cells and early biofilms. Two representative dental materials, Glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin, served as substrates. It was found that deletion of gtfB and gtfC genes both reduced adhesion forces of S. mutans towards substrate and bacterial cell surfaces (P<0.05). Notably, reduction of gtfB gene remarkably decreased bacterial adhesion to biofilm surfaces(P<0.05), while gtfC showed no obvious effect during this stage. Biofilms cultured on GIG further decreased cell-biofilm adhesion, compared with that on resin (P<0.05). Confocal fluorescence images and scanning electron microscopy images showed that deletion of gtfB lead to reduced microcolony formation and less production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the biofilm, and after bacteria culturing on GIC, the EPS content was further decreased. Our findings suggest that EPS mainly mediate bacterial adhesion to early biofilm surface. Deletion of gtfB and co-culture with GIC could significantly reduce the cell-biofilm adhesion, which is probably through decreasing of EPS production. gtfB exerts a critical role in the bacterial adhesion for the whole process of biofilm development, while gtfC possibly works only in the early stages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China, 610041.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Endodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041
| | - Yigan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Zixue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, People's Republic of China, 610041.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of general Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041
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