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Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Ossola R, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Zepp R. The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1093-1127. [PMID: 37129840 PMCID: PMC10153058 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes in the aquatic environment by climate change and human activity are modifying the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts in exposure have consequences for the distributions of species, biogeochemical cycles, and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents the latest knowledge on the multi-faceted interactions between the effects of UV irradiation and climate change, and other anthropogenic activities, and how these conditions are changing aquatic ecosystems. Climate change results in variations in the depth of mixing, the thickness of ice cover, the duration of ice-free conditions and inputs of dissolved organic matter, all of which can either increase or decrease exposure to UV radiation. Anthropogenic activities release oil, UV filters in sunscreens, and microplastics into the aquatic environment that are then modified by UV radiation, frequently amplifying adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their environments. The impacts of these changes in combination with factors such as warming and ocean acidification are considered for aquatic micro-organisms, macroalgae, plants, and animals (floating, swimming, and attached). Minimising the disruptive consequences of these effects on critical services provided by the world's rivers, lakes and oceans (freshwater supply, recreation, transport, and food security) will not only require continued adherence to the Montreal Protocol but also a wider inclusion of solar UV radiation and its effects in studies and/or models of aquatic ecosystems under conditions of the future global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA.
| | | | - A T Banaszak
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D-P Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | | | - R Ossola
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
| | | | - R Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, USA
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2
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Justyn NM, Heine KB, Hood WR, Peteya JA, Vanthournout B, Debruyn G, Shawkey MD, Weaver RJ, Hill GE. A combination of red structural and pigmentary coloration in the eyespot of a copepod. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220169. [PMID: 35611618 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the specific mechanisms of colour production in biological systems are diverse, the mechanics of colour production are straightforward and universal. Colour is produced through the selective absorption of light by pigments, the scattering of light by nanostructures or a combination of both. When Tigriopus californicus copepods were fed a carotenoid-limited diet of yeast, their orange-red body coloration became faint, but their eyespots remained unexpectedly bright red. Raman spectroscopy indicated a clear signature of the red carotenoid pigment astaxanthin in eyespots; however, refractive index matching experiments showed that eyespot colour disappeared when placed in ethyl cinnamate, suggesting a structural origin for the red coloration. We used transmission electron microscopy to identify consecutive nanolayers of spherical air pockets that, when modelled as a single thin film layer, possess the correct periodicity to coherently scatter red light. We then performed microspectrophotometry to quantify eyespot coloration and confirmed a distinct colour difference between the eyespot and the body. The observed spectral reflectance from the eyespot matched the reflectance predicted from our models when considering the additional absorption by astaxanthin. Together, this evidence suggests the persistence of red eyespots in copepods is the result of a combination of structural and pigmentary coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Justyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kyle B Heine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jennifer A Peteya
- Department of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Bram Vanthournout
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerben Debruyn
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ryan J Weaver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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3
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Arzoz NS, Marcoval MA, Díaz AC, Espino ML, Velurtas SM, Churio MS, Orallo DE, Fenucci JL. Photoprotection Effects of Red Seaweed (Grateloupia cf. Turuturu) Meal as Feed Ingredient in Prawn Artemesia Longinaris. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1476-1485. [PMID: 35437766 DOI: 10.1111/php.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the effects of adding red seaweed meal rich in ultraviolet radiation absorbing compounds (UACs) to the diet of juvenile prawn Artemesia longinaris and its possible protective effects under stress by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Three experimental diets were prepared: control diet (D) and two diets supplemented with red seaweed Grateloupia cf. turuturu meal at two inclusion levels (D1: 1g/100g; D2: 2g/100g). Three experiments were carried out: a) 45-day feeding, b) digestibility, and c) radiation exposure experiment. After the 45-day feeding experiment, no significant differences were found in growth and survival. Accumulation of UACs was detected only in animals fed D1 and D2, and concentration was significantly higher in animals fed D2, with concentrations (12.58 ± 3.50 OD g-1 ) and (3.17 ± 0.4 OD g-1 ) after 45-day feeding and after 7-day UVR exposure, respectively. After 7 days of exposure to different light treatments, significant differences were recorded inradical scavenging activities. In all UVR treatments, rapid signal decay was recorded in the first 5 minutes of reaction. The red seaweed Grateloupia cf. turuturumeal constitutes an interesting source of photoprotective compounds as an additive in the diet of A. longinaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Arzoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas
| | - M Alejandra Marcoval
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas
| | - A Cristina Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, Argentina
| | - M Laura Espino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas
| | - Susana M Velurtas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas
| | - M Sandra Churio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas (IFIMAR) UNMdP /CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Química y Bioquímica- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UNMdP
| | - Dalila E Orallo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales UNMdP
| | - Jorge L Fenucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP / CONICET, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Marinas
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4
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Marcoval MA, Pan J, Diaz AC, Fenucci JL. Dietary bioaccumulation of UV-absorbing compounds, and post-ingestive fitness in larval planktotrophic crustaceans from coastal SW Atlantic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105433. [PMID: 34364057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental stressor for marine organisms. The response of planktotrophic larvae of holo- and meroplanktonic crustaceans fed dietary algae grown under different light regimes and contents of UV-absorbing compounds (UACs), was experimentally evaluated. Paracalanus parvus copepodites and Cyrtograpsus angulatus zoeae were fed diatoms grown under two radiation treatments: PAR (400-700 nm, produced by 40 W cool-white fluorescent bulbs) and PAR + UVR (280-700 nm; adding Q-Pannel UV-A-340 lamps to PAR fluorescent bulbs). An absorption peak at 337 nm (UVR range) was observed only for larvae fed UVR-irradiated diatoms. After 144 h of ad libitum feeding, larvae were exposed to UVR for 24 h. Mortality rates were ~80% in individuals fed PAR-reared microalgae, and ~10% for those fed UV-irradiated microalgae. Results point to the importance of UACs conferring some tolerance to planktotrophic larvae under increased environmental UVR stress. Yet, acquired tolerance is differential among larvae, with implications for zooplankton ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Marcoval
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET/UNMdP, Rodríguez Peña 4046, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina.
| | - Jerónimo Pan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET/UNMdP, Rodríguez Peña 4046, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina; Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (IGCyC) CIC/UNMdP, Funes 3350, Nivel +1, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - A Cristina Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET/UNMdP, Rodríguez Peña 4046, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Calle 526 e/ 10 y 11, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Fenucci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET/UNMdP, Rodríguez Peña 4046, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
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5
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Heine KB, Justyn NM, Hill GE, Hood WR. Ultraviolet irradiation alters the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions in copepod myocytes. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:82-90. [PMID: 33220503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient production of energy via oxidative phosphorylation is essential to the growth, survival, and reproduction of eukaryotes. The behavior (position of, and communication between, mitochondria) and morphology of mitochondria play key roles in efficient energy production and are influenced by oxidative stressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondria change their behavior and morphology to meet energetic demands of responding to changes in oxidative stress. Specifically, we predicted that UV irradiation would increase the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions to influence whole-animal metabolic rate. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that both three and six hours of UV-A/B irradiation (0.5 W/m2) increased the proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions (with increasing mitochondrial aspect ratio) and the density of inner mitochondrial membrane in myocytes of Tigriopus californicus copepods. Mitochondrial density increased following both irradiation treatments, but mitochondrial size decreased under the six hour treatment. Metabolic rate was maintained under three hours of irradiation but decreased following six hours of exposure. These observations demonstrate that the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions can play formative roles in maintaining whole-animal metabolic rate, and ultimately organismal performance, under exposure to an oxidative stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Heine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Nicholas M Justyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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6
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Hylander S. Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) in Zooplankton. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020072. [PMID: 31979234 PMCID: PMC7073964 DOI: 10.3390/md18020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have different adaptations to avoid damage from ultraviolet radiation and one such adaptation is the accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). These compounds are common in aquatic taxa but a comprehensive review is lacking on their distribution and function in zooplankton. This paper shows that zooplankton MAA concentrations range from non-detectable to ~13 µg mgDW−1. Copepods, rotifers, and krill display a large range of concentrations, whereas cladocerans generally do not contain MAAs. The proposed mechanisms to gain MAAs are via ingestion of MAA-rich food or via symbiotic bacteria providing zooplankton with MAAs. Exposure to UV-radiation increases the concentrations in zooplankton both via increasing MAA concentrations in the phytoplankton food and due to active accumulation. Concentrations are generally low during winter and higher in summer and females seem to deposit MAAs in their eggs. The concentrations of MAAs in zooplankton tend to increase with altitude but only up to a certain altitude suggesting some limitation for the uptake. Shallow and UV-transparent systems tend to have copepods with higher concentrations of MAAs but this has only been shown in a few species. A high MAA concentration has also been shown to lead to lower UV-induced mortality and an overall increased fitness. While there is a lot of information on MAAs in zooplankton we still lack understanding of the potential costs and constraints for accumulation. There is also scarce information in some taxa such as rotifers as well as from systems in tropical, sub(polar) areas as well as in marine systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems-EEMiS, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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7
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Heine KB, Powers MJ, Kallenberg C, Tucker VL, Hood WR. Ultraviolet irradiation increases size of the first clutch but decreases longevity in a marine copepod. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9759-9767. [PMID: 31534691 PMCID: PMC6745833 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of life history theory is understanding how natural variation arises in populations. Both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to organism survival and reproduction, and therefore, it is important to understand how such factors are both beneficial and detrimental to population dynamics. One ecologically relevant factor that influences the life history of aquatic organisms is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While the majority of research has focused on the potentially detrimental effects that UV radiation has on aquatic organisms, few studies have evaluated hormetic responses stimulated by radiation under select conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of UV-A/B irradiation on life history characteristics in Tigriopus californicus copepods. After exposing copepods to UV-A/B irradiation (control, 1-, and 3-hr UV treatments at 0.5 W/m2), we measured the impact of exposure on fecundity, reproductive effort, and longevity. We found that UV irradiation increased the size of the first clutch among all reproducing females in both the 1- and 3-hr experimental groups and decreased longevity among all females that mated in the 1-hr treatment. UV irradiation had no effect on the number of clutches females produced. These findings indicate a potential benefit of UV irradiation on reproductive performance early in life, although the same exposure came at a cost to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Heine
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
| | | | | | | | - Wendy R. Hood
- Department of Biological SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA
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8
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Ultraviolet radiation does not increase oxidative stress in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along an elevational gradient. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 183:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Häder DP, Williamson CE, Wängberg SÅ, Rautio M, Rose KC, Gao K, Helbling EW, Sinha RP, Worrest R. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:108-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Combined effects of anthropogenic changes in the environmental condition in marine ecosystems, including UV, CO2and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat-P. Häder
- Emeritus from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Dept. Biology
- 91096 Möhrendorf
- Germany
| | | | - Sten-Åke Wängberg
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Science
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-40530 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales and Centre for Northern Studies (CEN)
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
- Saguenay
- Canada
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Department of Zoology
- University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science
- Xiamen University (XiangAn Campus, ZhouLongQuan A1-211)
- Xiamen
- China
| | | | - Rajeshwar P. Sinha
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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The expression of pre- and postcopulatory sexually selected traits reflects levels of dietary stress in guppies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105856. [PMID: 25170940 PMCID: PMC4149491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and ecological conditions can shape the evolution of life history traits in many animals. Among such factors, food or nutrition availability can play an important evolutionary role in moderating an animal's life history traits, particularly sexually selected traits. Here, we test whether diet quantity and/or composition in the form of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (here termed ‘n3LC’) influence the expression of pre- and postcopulatory traits in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a livebearing poeciliid fish. We assigned males haphazardly to one of two experimental diets supplemented with n3LC, and each of these diet treatments was further divided into two diet ‘quantity’ treatments. Our experimental design therefore explored the main and interacting effects of two factors (n3LC content and diet quantity) on the expression of precopulatory (sexual behaviour and sexual ornamentation, including the size, number and spectral properties of colour spots) and postcopulatory (the velocity, viability, number and length of sperm) sexually selected traits. Our study revealed that diet quantity had significant effects on most of the pre- and postcopulatory traits, while n3LC manipulation had a significant effect on sperm traits and in particular on sperm viability. Our analyses also revealed interacting effects of diet quantity and n3LC levels on courtship displays, and the area of orange and iridescent colour spots in the males’ colour patterns. We also confirmed that our dietary manipulations of n3LC resulted in the differential uptake of n3LC in body and testes tissues in the different n3LC groups. This study reveals the effects of diet quantity and n3LC on behavioural, ornamental and ejaculate traits in P. reticulata and underscores the likely role that diet plays in maintaining the high variability in these condition-dependent sexual traits.
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Reguera S, Zamora-Camacho FJ, Trenzado CE, Sanz A, Moreno-Rueda G. Oxidative stress decreases with elevation in the lizard Psammodromus algirus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 172:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senda Reguera
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina E Trenzado
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Sanz
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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