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Horowitz J, Quattrini AM, Brugler MR, Miller DJ, Pahang K, Bridge TCL, Cowman PF. Bathymetric evolution of black corals through deep time. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231107. [PMID: 37788705 PMCID: PMC10547549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea lineages are generally thought to arise from shallow-water ancestors, but this hypothesis is based on a relatively small number of taxonomic groups. Anthozoans, which include corals and sea anemones, are significant contributors to the faunal diversity of the deep sea, but the timing and mechanisms of their invasion into this biome remain elusive. Here, we reconstruct a fully resolved, time-calibrated phylogeny of 83 species in the order Antipatharia (black coral) to investigate their bathymetric evolutionary history. Our reconstruction indicates that extant black coral lineages first diversified in continental slope depths (∼250-3000 m) during the early Silurian (∼437 millions of years ago (Ma)) and subsequently radiated into, and diversified within, both continental shelf (less than 250 m) and abyssal (greater than 3000 m) habitats. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis suggests that the appearance of morphological features that enhanced the ability of black corals to acquire nutrients coincided with their invasion of novel depths. Our findings have important conservation implications for anthozoan lineages, as the loss of 'source' slope lineages could threaten millions of years of evolutionary history and confound future invasion events, thereby warranting protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Horowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders street, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th street and Constitution avenue North West, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Andrea M. Quattrini
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th street and Constitution avenue North West, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Mercer R. Brugler
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th street and Constitution avenue North West, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1100 Boundary Street, Beaufort, SC 29902, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - David J. Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kristina Pahang
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders street, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Tom C. L. Bridge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders street, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Peter F. Cowman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders street, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 101 Angus Smith Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Corush JB, Zhang J. One size does not fit all: Variation in anatomical traits associated with emersion behavior in mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.967067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life histories involving transitions between differing habitats (i.e., aquatic to terrestrial or marine to freshwater) require numerous anatomical, physiological, and behavioral changes. Often, the traits associated with these changes are thought to come in suites, but all traits thought to be associated with particular life histories may not be required. While some traits are found in all species with a particular habitat transition, a grab bag approach may apply to other traits in that any trait may be sufficient for successful habitat transitions. We examine patterns of morphological traits associated with prolonged emersion in mudskipper, an amphibious fishes clade, where prolonged emersion appears twice. We test the evolutionary history of multiple characteristics associated with cutaneous respiration. We find most traits thought to be key for prolonged emersion show no phylogenetic signal and no tight correlation with prolonged emersion. Such traits appear in species with prolonged emersion but also non-emerging species. Only capillary density, which, when increased, allows for increased oxygen absorption, shows strong phylogenetic signal and correlation with prolonged emersion. Further experimental, functional genomics, and observational studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms associated with each of these traits. With respect to traits associated with other particular behaviors, a comparative framework can be helpful in identifying evolutionary correlates.
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Iglesias‐Carrasco M, Tobias JA, Duchêne DA. Bird lineages colonizing urban habitats have diversified at high rates across deep time. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2022; 31:1784-1793. [PMID: 36246452 PMCID: PMC9540638 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aim Urbanization exposes species to novel ecological conditions. Some species thrive in urban areas, whereas many others are excluded from these human-made environments. Previous analyses suggest that the ability to cope with rapid environmental change is associated with long-term patterns of diversification, but whether the suite of traits associated with the ability to colonize urban environments is linked to this process remains poorly understood. Location World. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Passerine birds. Methods We applied macroevolutionary models to a large dataset of passerine birds to compare the evolutionary history of urban-tolerant species with that of urban-avoidant species. Specifically, we examined models of state-dependent speciation and extinction to assess the macroevolution of urban tolerance as a binary trait, in addition to models of quantitative trait-dependent diversification based on relative urban abundance. We also ran simulation-based model assessments to explore potential sources of bias. Results We provide evidence that historically, species with traits promoting urban colonization have undergone faster diversification than urban-avoidant species, indicating that urbanization favours clades with a historical tendency towards rapid speciation or reduced extinction. In addition, we find that past transitions towards states that currently impede urban colonization by passerines have been more frequent than in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we find a portion of urban-avoidant passerines to be recent and to undergo fast diversification. All highly supported models give this result consistently. Main conclusions Urbanization is mainly associated with the loss of lineages that are inherently more vulnerable to extinction over deep time, whereas cities tend to be colonized by less vulnerable lineages, for which urbanization might be neutral or positive in terms of longer-term diversification. Urban avoidance is associated with high rates of recent diversification for some clades occurring in regions with relatively intact natural ecosystems and low current levels of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A. Duchêne
- Centre for Evolutionary HologenomicsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Egan JP, Buser TJ, Burns MD, Simons AM, Hundt PJ. Patterns of Body Shape Diversity and Evolution in Intertidal and Subtidal Lineages of Combtooth Blennies (Blenniidae). Integr Org Biol 2021; 3:obab004. [PMID: 33937629 PMCID: PMC8077888 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine intertidal zones can be harsher and more dynamic than bordering subtidal zones, with extreme and temporally variable turbulence, water velocity, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels. Contrasting environmental conditions and ecological opportunities in subtidal versus intertidal habitats may generate differing patterns of morphological diversity. In this study we used phylogenetic comparative methods, measurements of body length, and two-dimensional landmarks to characterize body shape and size diversity in combtooth blennies (Ovalentaria: Blenniidae) and test for differences in morphological diversity between intertidal, subtidal, and supralittoral zones. We found that subtidal combtooth blennies have significantly higher body shape disparity and occupy a region of morphospace three times larger than intertidal lineages. The intertidal morphospace was almost entirely contained within the subtidal morphospace, showing that intertidal combtooth blennies did not evolve unique body shapes. We found no significant differences in body size disparity between tidal zones, no correlations between body shape and tidal zone or body size and tidal zone, and no body shape convergence associated with tidal zone. Our findings suggest that a subset of combtooth blenny body shapes are suitable for life in both subtidal and intertidal habitats. Many species in regions of morphospace unique to subtidal combtooth blennies exhibit distinct microhabitat use, which suggests subtidal environments promoted morphological diversification via evolutionary microhabitat transitions. In contrast, limited intertidal body shape diversity may be due to strong selective pressures that constrained body shape evolution and environmental filtering that prevented colonization of intertidal zones by certain subtidal body shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Egan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 2375 West Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Thaddaeus J Buser
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Michael D Burns
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Andrew M Simons
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Peter J Hundt
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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