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Watson MA, Vuorisalo T. Interactions between developmental phenology, carbon movement, and storage constrain demography in the understory clonal herb Podophyllum peltatum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325052. [PMID: 38988638 PMCID: PMC11233756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about how carbon integration and storage dynamics affect and are affected by demography in field populations. We sought to elucidate this link by examining dynamic patterns of carbon integration relative to the timing of demographically significant developmental decisions regarding shoot type determination in mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, a clonal plant with large and persistent rhizomes. Individual rhizome systems growing in natural populations were fed 14CO2 either in late-April, early-May, or mid-June, then harvested at intervals throughout the current season and into the next. When distribution of label was examined we found that carbon fixed at different times in the growing season is used differently: April-fixed assimilate remained in the labeled shoot or was moved into the old rhizome, May-fixed assimilate was found predominantly in the old rhizome, while early-June fixed assimilate moved into the old rhizome and the extending new ramet. Movement of assimilate into the old rhizome appeared to have precedence over formation of additional new ramets. Despite significant within season changes in location of dominant sinks within rhizome systems, there was little redistribution of labeled assimilate: early fixed assimilate was not used to fuel later within season growth, however, assimilate was redistributed between seasons. Vegetative and sexual systems differed in the distribution only of April-fixed assimilate. This was observed even though early labeling occurred prior to anthesis. Sexual systems retained a greater proportion of assimilate in the stem than did vegetative ones, which exported more to the old rhizome. 14C-distribution patterns did not vary between systems differing in future demographic status suggesting that the developmental decision regarding shoot type is based on resources acquired in prior years. We explore the hypothesis that preformation and storage are functionally linked traits that permit plants to coordinate the developmental determination of structures differing in cost and demographic function with known resource status. We conclude that demography influences and is influenced by integrative physiology and that physiological restrictions on within season redistribution of assimilates constrain plants' capacities to respond to short-term environmental variation. Such constraints may affect plants' abilities to respond to rapid environmental change in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A. Watson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Timo Vuorisalo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zhai S, Qian J, Ma Q, Liu Z, Ba C, Xin Z, Tian L, Zong L, Liang W, Zhu J. Effect of Rhizome Severing on Survival and Growth of Rhizomatous Herb Phragmites communis Is Regulated by Sand Burial Depth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3191. [PMID: 36501231 PMCID: PMC9736298 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizome fragmentation and sand burial are common phenomena in rhizomatous clonal plants. These traits serve as an adaptive strategy for survival in stressful environments. Thus far, some studies have been carried out on the effects of rhizome fragmentation and sand burial, but how the interaction between rhizome fragmentation and sand burial affects the growth and reproduction of rhizomatous clonal plants is unclear. We investigated the effect of the burial depth and rhizome fragment size on the survival and growth of the rhizomatous herb Phragmites communis using 288 clonal fragments (6 burial depths × 8 clonal fragment sizes × 6 replicates) in a field rhizome severing experiment. The ramet survival of the rhizomatous species significantly increased with the sand burial depth and clonal fragment size (p < 0.01), and the effects of the clonal fragment size on ramet survival depended on the sand burial depth. Sand burial enhanced both the vertical and horizontal biomass (p < 0.05), while the clonal fragment size affected the vertical biomass rather than the horizontal biomass. Sand burial facilitated the vertical growth of ramets (p < 0.05) while the number of newly produced ramets firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing clonal fragment size, and the maximal value appeared in four clonal fragments under a heavy sand burial depth. There is an interaction between the burial depth and rhizome fragment size in the growth of rhizome herbaceous plants. The population growth increases in the increase of sand burial depth, and reaches the maximum under severe sand burial and moderate rhizome fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaoqun Ba
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Xin
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinlei Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100093, China
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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