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Guan H, Zhang S, Yang N, Huangpu Y, Lan B, Nikas KJ, Wu X, Sun S. Parasitic flies alter the dietary preference of grasshoppers. Integr Zool 2024; 19:743-752. [PMID: 37427453 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitism is known to affect the behavior of host species to enhance parasite dispersal and transmission. However, host behavioral responses to parasitism unrelated to parasite dispersal and transmission have been much less studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether grasshopper hosts infected and uninfected with a parasitic fly (Blaesoxipha sp.) differ in terms of the nutrient content of the diet they consume. We investigated the dietary preferences of two grasshopper species (i.e. Asulconotus chinghaiensis and Chorthippus fallax) in terms of the C/N composition of plant species consumed, and determined whether this affected the egg production of unparasitized and parasitized grasshoppers by flies in a Tibetan alpine meadow. The composition of plants consumed differed significantly between the unparasitized and parasitized grasshoppers. Specifically, the abundance of N-rich legumes was lower and that of high C/N grasses was higher in the diet of the parasitized compared to the unparasitized grasshoppers. Diet N content was higher and C/N was lower in the diet of unparasitized grasshoppers, and parasitized females produced fewer eggs than their unparasitized conspecifics. Future enquiries are needed to understand the specific mechanisms underlying these dietary differences. The effects of parasites on the fitness-associated behavior of hosts should be studied more broadly to better understand parasite evolution and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Guan
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangyun Zhang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Huangpu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl J Nikas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Guan H, Zhang S, Huangpu Y, Yan H, Niklas KJ, Mipam TD, Sun S. Moderate Grazing Promotes Arthropod Species Diversity in an Alpine Meadow. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:778. [PMID: 37372063 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing is an important tool used in grassland land management practices. Studies have substantially addressed the effect of grazing on plant species diversity, revealing that moderate grazing increases plant species diversity. However, few studies have dealt with the relationship between grazing and arthropod species diversity, which remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that moderate grazing promotes arthropod species diversity because arthropods are directly or indirectly dependent on plant diversity. In this study, we conducted a two-year plant and arthropod survey from 2020 to 2021 at four levels of grazing intensity, i.e., nongrazing (as a control), light grazing, moderate grazing, and heavy grazing, of the long-term grazing experiment starting in 2016. The data show that plant species diversity peaked in the moderate grazing treatment, and herbivore species diversity was positively correlated with plant species diversity (and hence peaked in the moderate grazing treatment). Moderate grazing promoted parasitoid species diversity, which was positively correlated with herbivore species diversity. However, predator species diversity did not significantly differ among the four treatments. In addition, saprophage species diversity decreased, whereas coprophages increased with increasing grazing levels, such that species richness (but not species diversity of detritivores statistically) was highest in the moderate grazing treatment. Consequently, the species diversity of arthropods as a whole peaked at the moderate grazing level, a phenomenology that is consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Considering that moderate grazing has been found to increase plant species diversity, facilitate soil carbon accumulation, and prevent soil erosion, we suggest that moderate grazing would maximize multi-functional ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Guan
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shangyun Zhang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifei Huangpu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tserang Donko Mipam
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cuny MAC, Poelman EH. Evolution of koinobiont parasitoid host regulation and consequences for indirect plant defence. Evol Ecol 2022; 36:299-319. [PMID: 35663232 PMCID: PMC9156490 DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tritrophic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects and their parasitoids have been well studied in the past four decades. Recently, a new angle has been uncovered: koinobiont parasitoids, that allow their host to keep feeding on the plant for a certain amount of time after parasitism, indirectly alter plant responses against herbivory via the many physiological changes induced in their herbivorous hosts. By affecting plant responses, parasitoids may indirectly affect the whole community of insects interacting with plants induced by parasitized herbivores and have extended effects on plant fitness. These important findings have renewed research interests on parasitoid manipulation of their host development. Parasitoids typically arrest their host development before the last instar, resulting in a lower final weight compared to unparasitized hosts. Yet, some parasitoids prolong their host development, leading to larger herbivores that consume more plant material than unparasitized ones. Furthermore, parasitoid host regulation is plastic and one parasitoid species may arrest or promote its host growth depending on the number of eggs laid, host developmental stage and species as well as environmental conditions. The consequences of plasticity in parasitoid host regulation for plant–insect interactions have received very little attention over the last two decades, particularly concerning parasitoids that promote their host growth. In this review, we first synthesize the mechanisms used by parasitoids to regulate host growth and food consumption. Then, we identify the evolutionary and environmental factors that influence the direction of parasitoid host regulation in terms of arrestment or promotion of host growth. In addition, we discuss the implication of different host regulation types for the parasitoid’s role as agent of plant indirect defence. Finally, we argue that the recent research interests about parasitoid plant-mediated interactions would strongly benefit from revival of research on the mechanisms, ecology and evolution of host regulation in parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien A. C. Cuny
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Ode PJ. FE Spotlight: Friend or foe? The complex relationships within trophic cascades (FE Spotlight on Cuny et al. ‘The enemy of my enemy is not always my friend: Negative effects of carnivorous arthropods on plants’). Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Ode
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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5
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Cuny MAC, Bourne ME, Dicke M, Poelman EH. The enemy of my enemy is not always my friend: Negative effects of carnivorous arthropods on plants. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchel E. Bourne
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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6
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Xi X, Zhou W, Li Z, Hu L, Dong Y, Niklas KJ, Sun S. Rare plant species are at a disadvantage when both herbivory and pollination interactions are considered in an alpine meadow. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1647-1654. [PMID: 33724452 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare plant species often suffer less damage than common species because of positive density-dependent herbivory, and it has been suggested that this 'rare species advantage' fosters plant species coexistence. However, it is unknown whether rare species have an advantage when pollination interactions are also considered. We hypothesized that a 'positive density-dependent pollination success' across plant species would result in common plants experiencing higher seed set rates compared to rare species, and that positive density-dependent effects would negate or even override the positive density-dependent damage due to herbivory resulting in higher seed loss rates in common plant species. We tested this hypothesis by concurrently examining a plant-predispersal seed predator system and a plant-pollinator system for 24 Asteraceae species growing in an alpine meadow community (Sichuan Province, China). Having previously reported a positive density-dependent effect on seed loss rates due to seed predators, we here focus on the density-dependent effects on pollination success by investigating pollinator species richness, visitation frequencies and seed set rates for each plant species. We also estimated the seed output rate of each plant species as the product of seed set rate and the rate of surviving seeds (i.e. 1 - the seed loss rate). Consistent with our hypothesis, a positive density-dependent effect was observed for pollinator species richness, visitation frequencies and seed set rates across plant species. Moreover, the positive effect overrode the negative density-dependent effect of herbivores on seed production, such that common species tended to have a higher seed output rate than rare species (i.e. we observed a 'rare species disadvantage'). These results indicate that the low seed output rate of rare species might result from a pollination limitation, and that both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions should be examined simultaneously to fully understand plant species coexistence in local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuran Dong
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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7
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Dong Y, Xi X, Chen H, Yang Y, Sun S. A Protocol to Identify the Host of Parasitoids by DNA Barcoding of Vestigial Tissues. ANN ZOOL FENN 2020. [DOI: 10.5735/086.057.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Dong
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, CN-210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, CN-210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanxiang Chen
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, CN-210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, CN-210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, CN-210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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8
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Villacañas de Castro C, Hoffmeister TS. Friend or foe? A parasitic wasp shifts the cost/benefit ratio in a nursery pollination system impacting plant fitness. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4220-4232. [PMID: 32489591 PMCID: PMC7246216 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nursery pollination systems are species interactions where pollinators also act as fruit/seed herbivores of the plant partner. While the plants depend on associated insects for pollination, the insects depend on the plants' reproductive structures for larval development. The outcome of these interactions is thus placed on a gradient between mutualism and antagonism. Less specialized interactions may fluctuate along this gradient with the ecological context, where natural enemies can play an important role. We studied whether a natural enemy may impact the level of seed consumption of a nursery pollinator and how this in turn may influence individual plant fitness. We used the plant Silene latifolia, its herbivore Hadena bicruris, and its ectoparasitoid Bracon variator as a model plant-herbivore-natural enemy system. We investigated seed output, germination, survival, and flower production as proxies for individual plant fitness. We show that B. variator decreases the level of seed consumption by H. bicruris larvae which in turn increased seed output in S. latifolia plants, suggesting that parasitism by B. variator may act as a regulator in the system. However, our results also show that plant survival and flower production decrease with higher seed densities, and therefore, an increase in seed output may be less beneficial for plant fitness than estimated from seed output alone. Our study should add another layer to the complex discussion of whether parasitoids contribute to plant fitness, as we show that taking simple proxies such as seed output is insufficient to determine the net effect of multitrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S. Hoffmeister
- Population and Evolutionary Ecology GroupInstitute of EcologyFB 02University of BremenBremenGermany
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9
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Xi X, Yang Y, Tylianakis JM, Yang S, Dong Y, Sun S. Asymmetric interactions of seed-predation network contribute to rare-species advantage. Ecology 2020; 101:e03050. [PMID: 32233082 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the asymmetry of species linkage within ecological networks is now well recognized, its effect on communities has scarcely been empirically investigated. Based on theory, we predicted that an asymmetric architecture of antagonistic plant-herbivore networks would emerge at the community level and that this asymmetry would negatively affect community-common plants more than rare ones. We tested this prediction by analyzing the architectural properties of an alpine plant and pre-dispersal seed-predator network and its effect on seed loss rate of plants in the Tibetan Plateau. This network showed an asymmetric architecture, where the common plant species (with a larger aboveground biomass per area) were infested by a higher number of predator species. Moreover, they asymmetrically interacted with specialized herbivores, presumably because of greater seed resource abundance. In turn, the asymmetric interactions led to a higher proportion of seed loss in the common plants at the species level. Our results suggest that asymmetric antagonistic networks may improve species coexistence by contributing to a mechanism of rare-species advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Research Centre and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuran Dong
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
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10
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Buck JC. Indirect Effects Explain the Role of Parasites in Ecosystems. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:835-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Cuny MAC, Gendry J, Hernández-Cumplido J, Benrey B. Changes in plant growth and seed production in wild lima bean in response to herbivory are attenuated by parasitoids. Oecologia 2018; 187:447-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Xi X, Dong Y, Tian X, Xu H, Zhou Q, Niklas KJ, Sun S. Domestic honeybees affect the performance of pre-dispersal seed predators in an alpine meadow. Oecologia 2018; 187:113-122. [PMID: 29492691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flowering plants interact simultaneously with mutualistic pollinators and antagonistic herbivores such that plant-mediated interactions between pollinators and herbivores must exist. Although the effects of herbivores on pollinator behavior have been investigated extensively, the effect of pollinators on herbivore performance has seldom been explored. We hypothesized that insect pollinators could improve the survival and growth of pre-dispersal seed predators by increasing seed production. We tested this hypothesis along three transects radiating from well-established apiaries in an alpine meadow by supplementing pollination in sites close to and distant from apiaries and subsequently examining seed production of the dominant nectariferous plant species Saussurea nigrescens (Asteraceae) and the performance of three dominant pre-dispersal seed predators (tephritid fly species). Pollen supplementation (1) significantly increased seed set and mass of developed seed per capitulum (i.e., flowerhead) in the distant but not the close sites, (2) did not change the survival and growth rates of the smaller-bodied species (Tephritis femoralis and Campiglossa nigricauda) at either site, but (3) improved the performance of the larger-bodied seed predator (Terellia megalopyge) at distant sites but not close sites. In addition, the larger-bodied tephritid fly showed higher infestation rates and relative abundance in the close sites than in the distant sites, whereas the smaller-bodied species had lower relative abundances in the close sites and similar infestation rates in both site types. These observations demonstrate contrasting effects of plant mutualists on the performance of antagonists with potential consequences for population sizes of insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuran Dong
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haigen Xu
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiangwangmiao 8, Nanjing, 200042, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, 16 South Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Center for Ecological Studies, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Mu J, Wu Q, Yang Y, Huang M, Grozinger CM. Plant reproductive strategies vary under low and high pollinator densities. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Mu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Mianyang Normal Univ.; CN-621000 Mianyang China
| | - Qinggui Wu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Mianyang Normal Univ.; CN-621000 Mianyang China
| | - Yulian Yang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Mianyang Normal Univ.; CN-621000 Mianyang China
| | - Mei Huang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Mianyang Normal Univ.; CN-621000 Mianyang China
| | - Christina M. Grozinger
- Dept of Entomology; Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State Univ.; PA USA
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14
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Differential responses of body growth to artificial warming between parasitoids and hosts and the consequences for plant seed damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15472. [PMID: 29133829 PMCID: PMC5684347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature increase may disrupt trophic interactions by differentially changing body growth of the species involved. In this study, we tested whether the response of body growth to artificial warming (~2.2 °C) of a solitary koinobiont endo-parasitoid wasp (Pteromalus albipennis, Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) differed from its main host tephritid fly (Tephritis femoralis, Diptera: Tephritidae; pre-dispersal seed predator), and whether the plant seed damage caused by wasp-parasitized and unparasitized maggots (larval flies) were altered by warming. In contrast to the significant and season-dependent effects of warming on body growth of the host tephritid fly reported in one of our previous studies, the effect of artificial warming on body growth was non-significant on the studied wasp. Moreover, the warming effect on seed damage due to unparasitized maggots was significant and varied with season, but the damage by parasitized maggots was not altered by warming. Distinct responses of body growth to warming between parasitoids studied here and hosts assessed in a previous study indicate that temperature increase may differentially affect life history traits of animals along food chains, which is likely to affect trophic interactions.
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15
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Infectious Agents Trigger Trophic Cascades. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:681-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Xi X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Segoli M, Sun S. Plant-mediated resource partitioning by coexisting parasitoids. Ecology 2017; 98:1660-1670. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Michal Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000 Israel
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
- Center for Ecological Studies; Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 9 Section 4, Renminnan Road Chengdu 610041 China
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