1
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Zhang H, Bearup D, Barabás G, Fagan WF, Nijs I, Chen D, Liao J. Complex nonmonotonic responses of biodiversity to habitat destruction. Ecology 2023; 104:e4177. [PMID: 37782819 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
It has typically been assumed that habitat destruction, characterized by habitat loss and fragmentation, has consistently negative effects on biodiversity. While numerous empirical studies have shown the detrimental effects of habitat loss, debate continues as to whether habitat fragmentation has universally negative effects. To explore the effects of habitat fragmentation, we developed a simple model for site-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. With the model, we demonstrate that a competition-colonization trade-off can result in nonlinear oscillatory responses in biodiversity to both habitat loss and fragmentation. However, the overall pattern of habitat loss reducing species richness is still established, in line with empirical observations. Interestingly, the existence of localized oscillations in biodiversity can explain the mixed responses of species richness to habitat fragmentation per se observed in nature, thereby reconciling the debate on the fragmentation-diversity relationship. Therefore, this study offers a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for empirically observed biodiversity patterns in response to habitat destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dongdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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2
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Guo G, Barabás G, Takimoto G, Bearup D, Fagan WF, Chen D, Liao J. Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1926-1939. [PMID: 37696523 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists have long sought to understand variation in food chain length (FCL) among natural ecosystems. Various drivers of FCL, including ecosystem size, resource productivity and disturbance, have been hypothesised. However, when results are aggregated across existing empirical studies from aquatic ecosystems, we observe mixed FCL responses to these drivers. To understand this variability, we develop a unified competition-colonisation framework for complex food webs incorporating all of these drivers. With competition-colonisation tradeoffs among basal species, our model predicts that increasing ecosystem size generally results in a monotonic increase in FCL, while FCL displays non-linear, oscillatory responses to resource productivity or disturbance in large ecosystems featuring little disturbance or high productivity. Interestingly, such complex responses mirror patterns in empirical data. Therefore, this study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for observed variations in aquatic FCL driven by multiple environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gaku Takimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, UK
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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3
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Guo G, Zhao F, Nijs I, Liao J. Colonization-competition dynamics of basal species shape food web complexity in island metacommunities. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:169-177. [PMID: 37275541 PMCID: PMC10232389 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring how food web complexity emerges and evolves in island ecosystems remains a major challenge in ecology. Food webs assembled from multiple islands are commonly recognized as highly complex trophic networks that are dynamic in both space and time. In the context of global climate change, it remains unclear whether food web complexity will decrease in a monotonic fashion when undergoing habitat destruction (e.g., the inundation of islands due to sea-level rise). Here, we develop a simple yet comprehensive patch-dynamic framework for complex food web metacommunities subject to the competition-colonization tradeoff between basal species. We found that oscillations in food web topological complexity (characterized by species diversity, mean food chain length and the degree of omnivory) emerge along the habitat destruction gradient. This outcome is robust to changing parameters or relaxing the assumption of a strict competitive hierarchy. Having oscillations in food web complexity indicates that small habitat changes could have disproportionate negative effects on species diversity, thus the success of conservation actions should be evaluated not only on changes in biodiversity, but also on system robustness to habitat alteration. Overall, this study provides a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for the emergence of food web complexity in island ecosystems, further enriching our understanding of metacommunity assembly. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00167-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Guo
- Ministry of Education’s Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Ministry of Education’s Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group in Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education’s Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
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4
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Chu C, Chen L, Fan P, He Z, Li Y, Liao J, Liu X, Niu K, Si X, Wang S, Xi X. Conceptual and theoretical dimensions of biodiversity research in China: examples from plants. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab060. [PMID: 34691697 PMCID: PMC8310762 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Xubing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Kechang Niu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, China
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
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5
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Häussler J, Ryser R, Brose U. Invasive spread in meta‐food‐webs depends on landscape structure, fertilization and species characteristics. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Häussler
- Theoretical Biology, IFM, Linköping Univ. Linköping Sweden
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
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6
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Gross T, Allhoff KT, Blasius B, Brose U, Drossel B, Fahimipour AK, Guill C, Yeakel JD, Zeng F. Modern models of trophic meta-communities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190455. [PMID: 33131442 PMCID: PMC7662193 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and foodweb dynamics have long been studied in separate models. However, over the past decades, it has become abundantly clear that there are intricate interactions between local dynamics and spatial patterns. Trophic meta-communities, i.e. meta-foodwebs, are very complex systems that exhibit complex and often counterintuitive dynamics. Over the past decade, a broad range of modelling approaches have been used to study these systems. In this paper, we review these approaches and the insights that they have revealed. We focus particularly on recent papers that study trophic interactions in spatially extensive settings and highlight the common themes that emerged in different models. There is overwhelming evidence that dispersal (and particularly intermediate levels of dispersal) benefits the maintenance of biodiversity in several different ways. Moreover, some insights have been gained into the effect of different habitat topologies, but these results also show that the exact relationships are much more complex than previously thought, highlighting the need for further research in this area. This article is part of the theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gross
- University of California Davis, Department of Computer Science, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Bidiversity, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Korinna T. Allhoff
- Universität Tübingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Blasius
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- TU Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hochschulstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ashkaan K. Fahimipour
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Christian Guill
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin D. Yeakel
- University of California, Merced, School of Natural Sciences, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Fanqi Zeng
- University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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7
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Häussler J, Barabás G, Eklöf A. A Bayesian network approach to trophic metacommunities shows that habitat loss accelerates top species extinctions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1849-1861. [PMID: 32981202 PMCID: PMC7702078 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We develop a novel approach to analyse trophic metacommunities, which allows us to explore how progressive habitat loss affects food webs. Our method combines classic metapopulation models on fragmented landscapes with a Bayesian network representation of trophic interactions for calculating local extinction rates. This means that we can repurpose known results from classic metapopulation theory for trophic metacommunities, such as ranking the habitat patches of the landscape with respect to their importance to the persistence of the metacommunity as a whole. We use this to study the effects of habitat loss, both on model communities and the plant‐mammal Serengeti food web dataset as a case study. Combining straightforward parameterisability with computational efficiency, our method permits the analysis of species‐rich food webs over large landscapes, with hundreds or even thousands of species and habitat patches, while still retaining much of the flexibility of explicit dynamical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Häussler
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - György Barabás
- Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden.,MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Eklöf
- Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
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8
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Mid-domain effect for food chain length in a colonization–extinction model. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-020-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Liao J, Xi X, Bearup D, Sun S. Metacommunity robustness of plant-fly-wasp tripartite networks with specialization to habitat loss. Ecology 2020; 101:e03071. [PMID: 32302011 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations have found plant-species-specific fly-host selection (i.e., specialization) of wasp parasitoids (wasps) in plant-fly-wasp (P-F-W) tripartite networks, yet no study has explored the dynamical implications of such high-order specialization for the persistence of this network. Here we develop a patch-dynamic framework for a unique P-F-W tripartite network with specialization observed in eastern Tibetan Plateau and explore its metacommunity robustness to habitat loss. We show that specialization in parasitoidism promotes fly species diversity, while the richness of both plant and wasp decreases. Compared to other two null models, real network structure favors plant species coexistence but increases the extinction risk for both flies and wasps. However, these effects of specialization and network structure would be weakened and ultimately disappear with increasing habitat loss. Interestingly, intermediate levels of habitat loss can maximize the diversity of flies and wasps, while increasing or decreasing habitat loss results in more species losses, supporting intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Finally, we observe that high levels of habitat loss initiate a bottom-up cascade of species extinction from plants to both flies and wasps, resulting in a rapid collapse of the whole tripartite networks. Overall, this theoretical framework is the first attempt to characterize the dynamics of whole tripartite metacommunities interacting in realistic high-order ways, offering new insights into complex multipartite networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, 330022, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, CT2 7FS, United Kingdom
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
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10
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Liao J, Bearup D, Fagan WF. The role of omnivory in mediating metacommunity robustness to habitat destruction. Ecology 2020; 101:e03026. [PMID: 32083738 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Omnivores have long been known to play an important role in determining the stability of ecological communities. Recent theoretical studies have suggested that they may also increase the resilience of their communities to habitat destruction, one of the major drivers of species extinctions globally. However, these outcomes were obtained for minimal food webs consisting of only a single omnivore and its prey species, while much more complex communities can be anticipated in nature. In this study, we undertake a systematic comparative analysis of the robustness of metacommunities containing various omnivory structures to habitat loss and fragmentation using a mathematical model. We observe that, in general, omnivores are better able to survive facing habitat destruction than specialist predators of similar trophic level. However, the community as a whole does not always benefit from the presence of omnivores, as they may drive their intraguild prey to extinction. We also analyze the frequency with which these modules occur in a set of empirical food webs, and demonstrate that variation in their rate of occurrence is consistent with our model predictions. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the complete food web in which an omnivore is embedded, suggesting that future study should focus on more holistic community analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education's Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Ziyang Road 99, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, CT2 7FS, United Kingdom
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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11
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Zhang H, Chen D, Ying Z, Zhang F, Liao J. Robustness of the pollination-herbivory system with high-order interactions to habitat loss. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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13
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Ryser R, Häussler J, Stark M, Brose U, Rall BC, Guill C. The biggest losers: habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191177. [PMID: 31362639 PMCID: PMC6710599 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens global biodiversity. To date, there is only limited understanding of how the different aspects of habitat fragmentation (habitat loss, number of fragments and isolation) affect species diversity within complex ecological networks such as food webs. Here, we present a dynamic and spatially explicit food web model which integrates complex food web dynamics at the local scale and species-specific dispersal dynamics at the landscape scale, allowing us to study the interplay of local and spatial processes in metacommunities. We here explore how the number of habitat patches, i.e. the number of fragments, and an increase of habitat isolation affect the species diversity patterns of complex food webs (α-, β-, γ-diversities). We specifically test whether there is a trophic dependency in the effect of these two factors on species diversity. In our model, habitat isolation is the main driver causing species loss and diversity decline. Our results emphasize that large-bodied consumer species at high trophic positions go extinct faster than smaller species at lower trophic levels, despite being superior dispersers that connect fragmented landscapes better. We attribute the loss of top species to a combined effect of higher biomass loss during dispersal with increasing habitat isolation in general, and the associated energy limitation in highly fragmented landscapes, preventing higher trophic levels to persist. To maintain trophic-complex and species-rich communities calls for effective conservation planning which considers the interdependence of trophic and spatial dynamics as well as the spatial context of a landscape and its energy availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Häussler
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Stark
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Björn C Rall
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Guill
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Hertzog LR, Boonyarittichaikij R, Dekeukeleire D, de Groote SRE, van Schrojenstein Lantman IM, Sercu BK, Smith HK, de la Peña E, Vandegehuchte ML, Bonte D, Martel A, Verheyen K, Lens L, Baeten L. Forest fragmentation modulates effects of tree species richness and composition on ecosystem multifunctionality. Ecology 2019; 100:e02653. [PMID: 30870588 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Forest fragments in highly disturbed landscapes provide important ecosystem services ranging from acting as biodiversity reservoir to providing timber or regulating hydrology. Managing the tree species richness and composition of these fragments to optimize their functioning and the deliverance of multiple ecosystem services is of great practical relevance. However, both the strength and direction of tree species richness and tree species composition effects on forest ecosystem multifunctionality may depend on the landscape context in which these forest remnants are embedded. Taking advantage of an observatory network of 53 temperate forest plots varying in tree species richness, tree species composition, and fragmentation intensity we measured 24 ecosystem functions spanning multiple trophic levels and analyzed how tree species diversity-multifunctionality relationships changed with fragmentation intensity. Our results show that fragmentation generally increases multifunctionality and strengthens its positive relationship with diversity, possibly due to edge effects. In addition, different tree species combinations optimize functioning under different fragmentation levels. We conclude that management and restoration of forest fragments aimed at maximizing ecosystem multifunctionality should be tailored to the specific landscape context. As forest fragmentation will continue, tree diversity will become increasingly important to maintain forest functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel R Hertzog
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roschong Boonyarittichaikij
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie R E de Groote
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Bram K Sercu
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Keely Smith
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Martijn L Vandegehuchte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Gontrode, Belgium
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15
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Haoqi L, Guanghui L. RETRACTED: Biomass energy flow between species and species survival in fragmented landscapes. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ying Z, Ge G, Liu Y. The effects of clonal integration on the responses of plant species to habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bagchi R, Brown LM, Elphick CS, Wagner DL, Singer MS. Anthropogenic fragmentation of landscapes: mechanisms for eroding the specificity of plant-herbivore interactions. Oecologia 2018; 187:521-533. [PMID: 29560512 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduced ecological specialization is an emerging, general pattern of ecological networks in fragmented landscapes. In plant-herbivore interactions, reductions in dietary specialization of herbivore communities are consistently associated with fragmented landscapes, but the causes remain poorly understood. We propose several hypothetical bottom-up and top-down mechanisms that may reduce the specificity of plant-herbivore interactions. These include empirically plausible applications and extensions of theory based on reduced habitat patch size and isolation (considered jointly), and habitat edge effects. Bottom-up effects in small, isolated habitat patches may limit availability of suitable hostplants, a constraint that increases with dietary specialization. Poor hostplant quality due to inbreeding in such fragments may especially disadvantage dietary specialist herbivores even when their hostplants are present. Size and isolation of habitat patches may change patterns of predation of herbivores, but whether such putative changes are associated with herbivore dietary specialization should depend on the mobility, size, and diet breadth of predators. Bottom-up edge effects may favor dietary generalist herbivores, yet top-down edge effects may favor dietary specialists owing to reduced predation. An increasingly supported edge effect is trophic ricochets generated by large grazers/browsers, which remove key hostplant species of specialist herbivores. We present empirical evidence that greater deer browsing in small forest fragments disproportionately reduces specialist abundances in lepidopteran assemblages in northeastern USA. Despite indirect evidence for these mechanisms, they have received scant direct testing with experimental approaches at a landscape scale. Identifying their relative contributions to reduced specificity of plant-herbivore interactions in fragmented landscapes is an important research goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06260-3043, USA.
| | - Leone M Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06260-3043, USA
| | - Chris S Elphick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06260-3043, USA
| | - David L Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06260-3043, USA
| | - Michael S Singer
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA
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Xu Z, Shen Y, Liao J. Patch dynamics of various plant-animal interactions in fragmented landscapes. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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