1
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Fagan WF, Krishnan A, Liao Q, Fleming CH, Liao D, Lamb C, Patterson B, Wheeldon T, Martinez-Garcia R, Menezes JFS, Noonan MJ, Gurarie E, Calabrese JM. Intraspecific encounters can lead to reduced range overlap. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 39215311 PMCID: PMC11365178 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Direct encounters, in which two or more individuals are physically close to one another, are a topic of increasing interest as more and better movement data become available. Recent progress, including the development of statistical tools for estimating robust measures of changes in animals' space use over time, facilitates opportunities to link direct encounters between individuals with the long-term consequences of those encounters. Working with movement data for coyotes (Canis latrans) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis), we investigate whether close intraspecific encounters were associated with spatial shifts in the animals' range distributions, as might be expected if one or both of the individuals involved in an encounter were seeking to reduce or avoid conflict over space. We analyze the movement data of a pair of coyotes in detail, identifying how a change in home range overlap resulting from altered movement behavior was apparently a consequence of a close intraspecific encounter. With grizzly bear movement data, we approach the problem as population-level hypothesis tests of the spatial consequences of encounters. We find support for the hypotheses that (1) close intraspecific encounters between bears are, under certain circumstances, associated with subsequent changes in overlap between range distributions and (2) encounters defined at finer spatial scales are followed by greater changes in space use. Our results suggest that animals can undertake long-term, large-scale spatial changes in response to close intraspecific encounters that have the potential for conflict. Overall, we find that analyses of movement data in a pairwise context can (1) identify distances at which individuals' proximity to one another may alter behavior and (2) facilitate testing of population-level hypotheses concerning the potential for direct encounters to alter individuals' space use.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Ananke Krishnan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qianru Liao
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christen H Fleming
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Daisy Liao
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Clayton Lamb
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Brent Patterson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Wheeldon
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Martinez-Garcia
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
- ICTP - South American Institute for Fundamental Research and Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge F S Menezes
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
- Feline Research Group, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, AM, Brazil
| | - Michael J Noonan
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Justin M Calabrese
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Ranc N, Cain JW, Cagnacci F, Moorcroft PR. The role of memory-based movements in the formation of animal home ranges. J Math Biol 2024; 88:59. [PMID: 38589609 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Most animals live in spatially-constrained home ranges. The prevalence of this space-use pattern in nature suggests that general biological mechanisms are likely to be responsible for their occurrence. Individual-based models of animal movement in both theoretical and empirical settings have demonstrated that the revisitation of familiar areas through memory can lead to the formation of stable home ranges. Here, we formulate a deterministic, mechanistic home range model that includes the interplay between a bi-component memory and resource preference, and evaluate resulting patterns of space-use. We show that a bi-component memory process can lead to the formation of stable home ranges and control its size, with greater spatial memory capabilities being associated with larger home range size. The interplay between memory and resource preferences gives rise to a continuum of space-use patterns-from spatially-restricted movements into a home range that is influenced by local resource heterogeneity, to diffusive-like movements dependent on larger-scale resource distributions, such as in nomadism. Future work could take advantage of this model formulation to evaluate the role of memory in shaping individual performance in response to varying spatio-temporal resource patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ranc
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'Adige, Italy.
| | - John W Cain
- Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paul R Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Wang H, Salmaniw Y. Open problems in PDE models for knowledge-based animal movement via nonlocal perception and cognitive mapping. J Math Biol 2023; 86:71. [PMID: 37029822 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of cognitive processes, such as perception, learning and memory, are inevitable in mechanistic animal movement modelling. Cognition is the unique feature that distinguishes animal movement from mere particle movement in chemistry or physics. Hence, it is essential to incorporate such knowledge-based processes into animal movement models. Here, we summarize popular deterministic mathematical models derived from first principles that begin to incorporate such influences on movement behaviour mechanisms. Most generally, these models take the form of nonlocal reaction-diffusion-advection equations, where the nonlocality may appear in the spatial domain, the temporal domain, or both. Mathematical rules of thumb are provided to judge the model rationality, to aid in model development or interpretation, and to streamline an understanding of the range of difficulty in possible model conceptions. To emphasize the importance of biological conclusions drawn from these models, we briefly present available mathematical techniques and introduce some existing "measures of success" to compare and contrast the possible predictions and outcomes. Throughout the review, we propose a large number of open problems relevant to this relatively new area, ranging from precise technical mathematical challenges, to more broad conceptual challenges at the cross-section between mathematics and ecology. This review paper is expected to act as a synthesis of existing efforts while also pushing the boundaries of current modelling perspectives to better understand the influence of cognitive movement mechanisms on movement behaviours and space use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada
| | - Yurij Salmaniw
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada.
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4
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Manning JC. Movement, Space Use, and the Responses of Coral Reef Fish to Climate Change. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1725-1733. [PMID: 35883230 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and other localized stressors have led to the widespread degradation of coral reefs, characterized by losses of live coral, reduced structural complexity, and shifts in benthic community composition. These changes have altered the composition of reef fish assemblages with important consequences for ecosystem function. Animal movement and space use are critically important to population dynamics, community assembly, and species coexistence. In this perspective, I discuss how studies of reef fish movement and space use could help us to elucidate the effects of climate change on reef fish assemblages and the functions they provide. In addition to describing how reef fish space use relates to resource abundance and the intrinsic characteristics of reef fish (e.g., body size), we should begin to take a mechanistic approach to understanding movement in reef fish and to investigate the role of movement in mediating species interactions on coral reefs. Technological advances in animal tracking and biotelemetry, as well as methodological advances in the analysis of movement, will aid in this endeavor. Baseline studies of reef fish movement and space use and their effect on community assembly and species coexistence will provide us with important information for predicting how climate change will influence reef fish assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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5
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Giunta V, Hillen T, Lewis MA, Potts JR. Detecting minimum energy states and multi-stability in nonlocal advection-diffusion models for interacting species. J Math Biol 2022; 85:56. [PMID: 36264394 PMCID: PMC9585017 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deriving emergent patterns from models of biological processes is a core concern of mathematical biology. In the context of partial differential equations, these emergent patterns sometimes appear as local minimisers of a corresponding energy functional. Here we give methods for determining the qualitative structure of local minimum energy states of a broad class of multi-species nonlocal advection-diffusion models, recently proposed for modelling the spatial structure of ecosystems. We show that when each pair of species respond to one another in a symmetric fashion (i.e. via mutual avoidance or mutual attraction, with equal strength), the system admits an energy functional that decreases in time and is bounded below. This suggests that the system will eventually reach a local minimum energy steady state, rather than fluctuating in perpetuity. We leverage this energy functional to develop tools, including a novel application of computational algebraic geometry, for making conjectures about the number and qualitative structure of local minimum energy solutions. These conjectures give a guide as to where to look for numerical steady state solutions, which we verify through numerical analysis. Our technique shows that even with two species, multi-stability with up to four classes of local minimum energy states can emerge. The associated dynamics include spatial sorting via aggregation and repulsion both within and between species. The emerging spatial patterns include a mixture of territory-like segregation as well as narrow spike-type solutions. Overall, our study reveals a general picture of rich multi-stability in systems of moving and interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Giunta
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Thomas Hillen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1 Canada
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1 Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Potts
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
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6
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Potts JR, Börger L, Strickland BK, Street GM. Assessing the predictive power of step selection functions: how social and environmental interactions affect animal space use. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Potts
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University, Singleton Park Swansea Wales UK
- Centre for Biomathematics College of Science Swansea University, Singleton Park Swansea Wales UK
| | - Bronson K. Strickland
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Garrett M. Street
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
- Quantitative Ecology and Spatial Technologies Laboratory Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
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7
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Potts JR, Giunta V, Lewis MA. Beyond resource selection: emergent spatio–temporal distributions from animal movements and stigmergent interactions. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Potts
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Univ. of Sheffield, Hicks Building Sheffield UK
| | - Valeria Giunta
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Univ. of Sheffield, Hicks Building Sheffield UK
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Depts of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences and Biological Sciences, Univ. of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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8
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Ranc N, Cagnacci F, Moorcroft PR. Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: Evidence from a reintroduction. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:716-728. [PMID: 35099847 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most animals live in home ranges, and memory is thought to be an important process in their formation. However, a general memory-based model for characterising and predicting home range emergence has been lacking. Here, we use a mechanistic movement model to: (1) quantify the role of memory in the movements of a large mammal reintroduced into a novel environment, and (2) predict observed patterns of home range emergence in this experimental setting. We show that an interplay between memory and resource preferences is the primary process influencing the movements of reintroduced roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Our memory-based model fitted with empirical data successfully predicts the formation of home ranges, as well as emergent properties of movement and spatial revisitation observed in the reintroduced animals. These results provide a mechanistic framework for combining memory-based movements, resource preferences, and the formation of home ranges in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ranc
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paul R Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Sells SN, Mitchell MS, Ausband DE, Luis AD, Emlen DJ, Podruzny KM, Gude JA. Economical defence of resources structures territorial space use in a cooperative carnivore. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212512. [PMID: 35016539 PMCID: PMC8753142 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecologists have long sought to understand space use and mechanisms underlying patterns observed in nature. We developed an optimality landscape and mechanistic territory model to understand mechanisms driving space use and compared model predictions to empirical reality. We demonstrate our approach using grey wolves (Canis lupus). In the model, simulated animals selected territories to economically acquire resources by selecting patches with greatest value, accounting for benefits, costs and trade-offs of defending and using space on the optimality landscape. Our approach successfully predicted and explained first- and second-order space use of wolves, including the population's distribution, territories of individual packs, and influences of prey density, competitor density, human-caused mortality risk and seasonality. It accomplished this using simple behavioural rules and limited data to inform the optimality landscape. Results contribute evidence that economical territory selection is a mechanistic bridge between space use and animal distribution on the landscape. This approach and resulting gains in knowledge enable predicting effects of a wide range of environmental conditions, contributing to both basic ecological understanding of natural systems and conservation. We expect this approach will demonstrate applicability across diverse habitats and species, and that its foundation can help continue to advance understanding of spatial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Sells
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Michael S. Mitchell
- US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - David E. Ausband
- US Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Angela D. Luis
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Douglas J. Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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10
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Collet J, Pettorelli N, Baniel A, Carter AJ, Huchard E, King AJ, Lee AEG, Marshall HH, Cowlishaw G. Immigrant males’ knowledge influences baboon troop movements to reduce home range overlap and mating competition. Behav Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mechanistic models suggest that individuals’ memories could shape home range patterns and dynamics, and how neighbors share space. In social species, such dynamics of home range overlap may be affected by the pre-dispersal memories of immigrants. We tested this “immigrant knowledge hypothesis” in a wild population of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We predicted that overlap dynamics with a given neighboring troop’s home range should reflect males’ adaptive interests in overlap when the alpha male had immigrated from this neighboring troop but less so when the alpha male originated from elsewhere. We used data collected between 2005 and 2013 on two neighboring troops in Namibia, comprising GPS records of daily ranges, male natal origins, daily females’ reproductive status, and a satellite index of vegetation growth. We found support for our prediction in line with male reproductive strategies but not in line with foraging conditions. In periods with a higher relative number of fertile females over adult males in the focal troop, male baboons would benefit from reducing overlap with their neighbors to mitigate the costs of between-troop mating competition. This was indeed observed but only when the alpha male of the focal troop was an immigrant from that neighboring troop, and not with alpha males of other origins, presumably due to their different knowledge of the neighboring troop. Our findings highlight the role of reproductive competition in the range dynamics of social groups, and suggest that spatial segregation between groups could increase through the combination of dispersal and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Collet
- Zoology Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathalie Pettorelli
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
| | - Alice Baniel
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Elise Huchard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew J King
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Alexander E G Lee
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
| | - Harry H Marshall
- Centre for Integrated Research in Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Guy Cowlishaw
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, UK
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11
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Munden R, Börger L, Wilson RP, Redcliffe J, Brown R, Garel M, Potts JR. Why did the animal turn? Time‐varying step selection analysis for inference between observed turning‐points in high frequency data. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Munden
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
- Centre for Biomathematics College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Rory P. Wilson
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - James Redcliffe
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Rowan Brown
- College of Engineering Swansea UniversityBay Campus Wales UK
| | - Mathieu Garel
- Office Français de la BiodiversitéUnité Ongulés Sauvages Gières France
| | - Jonathan R. Potts
- School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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