1
|
Wen Z, Yang Q, Huang B, Zhang L, Zheng H, Shen Y, Yang Y, Ouyang Z, Li R. Landscape composition and configuration relatively affect invasive pest and its associator across multiple spatial scales. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Landscape structures affect pests, depending on compositional heterogeneity (the number and proportions of different habitats), configurational heterogeneity (spatial arrangement of habitats), and spatial scales. However, there is limited information on the relative effects of compositional and configurational heterogeneity on invasive pests and their associates (species that can benefit from invasive pests), and how they vary across spatial scales. In this study, we assayed the invasive pest Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and its associated fly Drosophila melanogaster in 15 landscapes centered on mango orchards. We calculated landscape composition (forest percentage, mango percentage, and Shannon's diversity) and configuration (edge density) using two methods: spatial distance scales and combined scales. Spatial distance scales included buffer rings with radii of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 km, and combined scales referred to cutting or not cutting a smaller ring from larger ones. Our results shown that compositional heterogeneity positively affected B. dorsalis and D. melanogaster due to forest cover percentage, whereas configurational heterogeneity with high edge density negative effect on B. dorsalis. Forest cover had less of an effect on B. dorsalis than configurational heterogeneity, but the opposite effect was observed for D. melanogaster. Importantly, the direction and strength of forest cover and configurational heterogeneity to species did not vary with spatial distance scales or spatial combined scales. Thus, compositional and configurational heterogeneity exhibit differential effects on this invasive pest and its associator, and revealed that the relative effects of landscape structures are consistent across multiple scales. These results provide new insights into landscape effects on interconnected species using a diverse spatial-scale approach.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ratto F, Bruce T, Chipabika G, Mwamakamba S, Mkandawire R, Khan Z, Mkindi A, Pittchar J, Sallu SM, Whitfield S, Wilson K, Sait SM. Biological control interventions reduce pest abundance and crop damage while maintaining natural enemies in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221695. [PMID: 36475436 PMCID: PMC9727667 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pests are a major challenge to smallholder crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where access to synthetic pesticides, which are linked to environmental and health risks, is often limited. Biological control interventions could offer a sustainable solution, yet an understanding of their effectiveness is lacking. We used a meta-analysis approach to investigate the effectiveness of commonly used biocontrol interventions and botanical pesticides on pest abundance (PA), crop damage (CD), crop yield (Y) and natural enemy abundance (NEA) when compared with controls with no biocontrol and with synthetic pesticides. We also evaluated whether the magnitude of biocontrol effectiveness was affected by type of biocontrol intervention, crop type, pest taxon, farm type and landscape configuration. Overall, from 99 studies on 31 crops, we found that compared to no biocontrol, biocontrol interventions reduced PA by 63%, CD by over 50% and increased Y by over 60%. Compared to synthetic pesticides, biocontrol resulted in comparable PA and Y, while NEA was 43% greater. Our results also highlighted that the potential for biocontrol to be modulated by landscape configuration is a critical knowledge gap in SSA. We show that biocontrol represents an effective tool for smallholder farmers, which can maintain yields without associated negative pesticide effects. Furthermore, the evidence presented here advocates strongly for including biocontrol practices in national and regional agricultural policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Ratto
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,Department of Health Studies and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Toby Bruce
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gilson Chipabika
- Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Mulungushi House, Independence Avenue, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Sithembile Mwamakamba
- Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN), 141 Cresswell St Weaving Park, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Mkandawire
- Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN), 141 Cresswell St Weaving Park, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Mkindi
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-engineering, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, PO Box 447- Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jimmy Pittchar
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Susannah M. Sallu
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen Whitfield
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Steven M. Sait
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ratto F, Bruce T, Chipabika G, Mwamakamba S, Mkandawire R, Khan Z, Mkindi A, Pittchar J, Chidawanyika F, Sallu SM, Whitfield S, Wilson K, Sait SM. Biological control interventions and botanical pesticides for insect pests of crops in sub-Saharan Africa: A mapping review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.883975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural productivity can be increased sustainably in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by reducing crop losses due to insect pest damage. As an alternative to environmentally-damaging chemical pesticides, biological control interventions and botanical pesticides show potential to achieve both high yields and profits. However, synthesized information of their performance and understanding of their adoption among smallholder farmers is limited. Here, 173 studies of biological control interventions and botanical pesticides of insect pests for 35 crops from 20 sub-Saharan countries from 2005 to 2021 were systematically reviewed. Drawing on published datasets, we found that cereals, particularly maize, were the most studied crop (59%). Research on botanical pesticides constituted 32% of the studies, followed by augmentation/introduction biocontrol (29%), and push-pull (21%). Studies evaluating the technical performance of biocontrol interventions dominated (73%), with a regional clustering of push-pull studies in Kenya. Few studies investigated each intervention on each crop type, across different farming contexts and scales, highlighting an urgent need for landscape-scale studies to elucidate land-use impacts on biocontrol effectiveness. Limited evidence also exists on the synergistic effects of biocontrol on multiple ecosystem services and on non-target/beneficial organisms. We found an absence of interdisciplinary studies that addressed the wider indirect benefits of not using chemical pesticides, the social-economic outcomes, and barriers to adoption by farmers, which we argue are necessary to identify pathways to greater adoption and to support policy advocacy of biocontrol interventions in SSA.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodríguez E, González M, Paredes D, Campos M, Benítez E. Selecting native perennial plants for ecological intensification in Mediterranean greenhouse horticulture. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:694-704. [PMID: 29198200 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural control by predators and parasitoids provides an important and often unnoticed ecosystem service to agricultural landscapes by reducing pest populations in crops. The current model of horticultural intensification in south-eastern Spain produces high yields but has also resulted in a landscape almost completely covered by plastic. Promoting natural areas among greenhouses could enhance biodiversity, by being beneficial insects, and reduce pest pressure outdoors. The first step is to ascertain how pests and their natural enemies (NEs) use Mediterranean vegetation for selecting the best plants for pest suppression outdoors. The abundance of the two major horticultural pests, the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, together with their NEs, were assayed in 22 flowering perennial plants, which were newly planted in an experimental field surrounded by greenhouses. Eight plant species were identified as the most critical species for sustaining pest populations outdoors. A set of five plant species supported a medium level of pests, and another set of ten plant species supported the lowest level of both pests. Tobacco whitefly occurred in a few plants species, whereas western flower thrips occurred on almost all the plant species studied, and was favoured by the presence of flowers in perennial plants. The results suggest that plant diversity may provide relatively few acceptable host plants for tobacco whitefly than for western flower thrips. NEs were generally collected in plants that also supported abundance of pests, indicating that host/prey availability, more than food resources from flowers, was a stronger predictor of NE abundance in perennial plants. Field trials using the plants with the lowest host acceptance by pests are needed in order to ascertain whether pest abundance outdoors is reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M González
- Cajamar- Experimental Station 'Las Palmerillas',El Ejido,Almería,Spain
| | - D Paredes
- Department of Environmental Protection,Zaidín-Experimental Station (EEZ),CSIC,Granada,Spain
| | - M Campos
- Department of Environmental Protection,Zaidín-Experimental Station (EEZ),CSIC,Granada,Spain
| | - E Benítez
- Department of Environmental Protection,Zaidín-Experimental Station (EEZ),CSIC,Granada,Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Redlich S, Martin EA, Steffan-Dewenter I. Landscape-level crop diversity benefits biological pest control. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Emily A. Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muneret L, Thiéry D, Joubard B, Rusch A. Deployment of organic farming at a landscape scale maintains low pest infestation and high crop productivity levels in vineyards. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Muneret
- INRA UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble; ISVV; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro; Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRA UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble; ISVV; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro; Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| | - Benjamin Joubard
- INRA UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble; ISVV; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro; Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRA UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble; ISVV; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro; Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Henri DC, Jones O, Tsiattalos A, Thébault E, Seymour CL, van Veen FJF. Natural vegetation benefits synergistic control of the three main insect and pathogen pests of a fruit crop in southern Africa. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C. Henri
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Owen Jones
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Ariana Tsiattalos
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Elisa Thébault
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris; UMR 7618 (UPMC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, UPEC, Paris Diderot); Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Colleen L. Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute; Kirstenbosch Gardens, PVT Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - F. J. Frank van Veen
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| |
Collapse
|