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Bartlett LJ, Alparslan S, Bruckner S, Delaney DA, Menz JF, Williams GR, Delaplane KS. Neonicotinoid exposure increases Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) mite parasitism severity in honey bee colonies and is not mitigated by increased colony genetic diversity. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38805648 PMCID: PMC11132139 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Agrochemical exposure is a major contributor to ecological declines worldwide, including the loss of crucial pollinator species. In addition to direct toxicity, field-relevant doses of pesticides can increase species' vulnerabilities to other stressors, including parasites. Experimental field demonstrations of potential interactive effects of pesticides and additional stressors are rare, as are tests of mechanisms via which pollinators tolerate pesticides. Here, we controlled honey bee colony exposure to field-relevant concentrations of 2 neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin and thiamethoxam) in pollen and simultaneously manipulated intracolony genetic heterogeneity. We showed that exposure increased rates of Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) parasitism and that while increased genetic heterogeneity overall improved survivability, it did not reduce the negative effect size of neonicotinoid exposure. This study is, to our knowledge, the first experimental field demonstration of how neonicotinoid exposure can increase V. destructor populations in honey bees and also demonstrates that colony genetic diversity cannot mitigate the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bartlett
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suleyman Alparslan
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Selina Bruckner
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Deborah A Delaney
- Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 27695-7613, USA
| | - John F Menz
- Department of Entomology & Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 27695-7613, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Keith S Delaplane
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Willcox BK, Potts SG, Brown MJF, Alix A, Al Naggar Y, Chauzat MP, Costa C, Gekière A, Hartfield C, Hatjina F, Knapp JL, Martínez-López V, Maus C, Metodiev T, Nazzi F, Osterman J, Raimets R, Strobl V, Van Oystaeyen A, Wintermantel D, Yovcheva N, Senapathi D. Emerging threats and opportunities to managed bee species in European agricultural systems: a horizon scan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18099. [PMID: 37872212 PMCID: PMC10593766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Managed bee species provide essential pollination services that contribute to food security worldwide. However, managed bees face a diverse array of threats and anticipating these, and potential opportunities to reduce risks, is essential for the sustainable management of pollination services. We conducted a horizon scanning exercise with 20 experts from across Europe to identify emerging threats and opportunities for managed bees in European agricultural systems. An initial 63 issues were identified, and this was shortlisted to 21 issues through the horizon scanning process. These ranged from local landscape-level management to geopolitical issues on a continental and global scale across seven broad themes-Pesticides & pollutants, Technology, Management practices, Predators & parasites, Environmental stressors, Crop modification, and Political & trade influences. While we conducted this horizon scan within a European context, the opportunities and threats identified will likely be relevant to other regions. A renewed research and policy focus, especially on the highest-ranking issues, is required to maximise the value of these opportunities and mitigate threats to maintain sustainable and healthy managed bee pollinators within agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony K Willcox
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Anne Alix
- Corteva Agriscience, Regulatory and Stewardship Europe, Middle East and Africa, Abingdon, UK
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey Bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antoine Gekière
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Chris Hartfield
- National Farmers' Union, Agriculture House, Stoneleigh Park, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire, CV8 2TZ, UK
| | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, ELGO 'DIMITRA', 63200, Nea Moudania, Greece
| | - Jessica L Knapp
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-López
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesco Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Julia Osterman
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Risto Raimets
- Department of Plant Protection, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Dimitry Wintermantel
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
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3
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van der Niet T, Egan PA, Schlüter PM. Evolutionarily inspired solutions to the crop pollination crisis. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:435-445. [PMID: 36737302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in insect diversity threatens pollination services, potentially impacting crop production and food security. Here, we argue that this looming pollination crisis is generally approached from an ecological standpoint, and that consideration of evolutionary principles offers a novel perspective. First, we outline that wild plant species have overcome 'pollination crises' throughout evolutionary history, and show how associated principles can be applied to crop pollination. We then highlight technological advances that can be used to adapt crop flowers for optimal pollination by local wild pollinators, especially by increasing generalization in pollination systems. Thus, synergies among fundamental evolutionary research, genetic engineering, and agro-ecological science provide a promising template for addressing a potential pollination crisis, complementing much-needed strategies focused on pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheüs van der Niet
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Egan
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Philipp M Schlüter
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Mandal NK, Kumari K, Kundu A, Arora A, Bhowmick PK, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Behera TK, Munshi AD, Dey SS. Cross-talk between the cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin regulatory networks in determining parthenocarpy in cucumber. Front Genet 2022; 13:957360. [PMID: 36092914 PMCID: PMC9459115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.957360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber is a model plant for studying parthenocarpy with abundant slicing- and pickling-type germplasm. This study was undertaken to understand the role of the important cytokines (CKs), auxin (AUX) and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and degradation genes for the induction of parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling germplasm. Two genotypes of gynoecious parthenocarpic cucumber, PPC-6 and DG-8, along with an MABC-derived gynoecious non-parthenocarpic line, IMPU-1, were evaluated in this study. The slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes PPC-6 and DG-8 were strongly parthenocarpic in nature and set fruit normally without pollination. Endogenous auxin and gibberellin were significantly higher in parthenocarpic than non-parthenocarpic genotypes, whereas the concentration of cytokinins varied among the genotypes at different developmental stages. However, the exogenous application of Zeatin and IAA + Zeatin was effective in inducing parthenocarpic fruit in IMPU-1. Expression analysis with important CK, AUX, and GA biosynthesis-related genes was conducted in IMPU-1, PPC-6, and DG-8. The expression of the CK synthase, IPT, IPT3, PaO, LOG1, LOG2, CYP735A1, and CYP735A2 was up-regulated in the parthenocarpic genotypes. Among the transcription factor response regulators (RRs), positive regulation of CSRR8/9b, CSRR8/9d, CSRR8/9e, and CSRR16/17 and negative feedback of the CK signalling genes, such as CsRR3/4a, CsRR3/4b, CsRR8/9a, and CsRR8/9c, were recorded in the parthenocarpic lines. Homeostasis between cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation genes such as CK oxidases (CKXs) and CK dehydrogenase resulted in a non-significant difference in the endogenous CK concentration in the parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic genotypes. In addition, up-regulation of the key auxin-inducing proteins and GA biosynthesis genes indicated their crucial role in the parthenocarpic fruit set of cucumber. This study establishes the critical role of the CKs, AUX, and GA regulatory networks and their cross-talk in determining parthenocarpy in slicing and pickling cucumber genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari Mandal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Kumari
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prolay K. Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - A. D. Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Shyam S. Dey, , ; A. D. Munshi,
| | - Shyam S. Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Shyam S. Dey, , ; A. D. Munshi,
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5
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Jones J, Rader R. Pollinator nutrition and its role in merging the dual objectives of pollinator health and optimal crop production. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210170. [PMID: 35491607 PMCID: PMC9058521 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee and non-bee insect pollinators play an integral role in the quantity and quality of production for many food crops, yet there is growing evidence that nutritional challenges to pollinators in agricultural landscapes are an important factor in the reduction of pollinator populations worldwide. Schemes to enhance crop pollinator health have historically focused on floral resource plantings aimed at increasing pollinator abundance and diversity by providing more foraging opportunities for bees. These efforts have demonstrated that improvements in bee diversity and abundance are achievable; however, goals of increasing crop pollination outcomes via these interventions are not consistently met. To support pollinator health and crop pollination outcomes in tandem, habitat enhancements must be tailored to meet the life-history needs of specific crop pollinators, including non-bees. This will require greater understanding of the nutritional demands of these taxa together with the supply of floral and non-floral food resources and how these interact in cropping environments. Understanding the mechanisms underlying crop pollination and pollinator health in unison across a range of taxa is clearly a win–win for industry and conservation, yet achievement of these goals will require new knowledge and novel, targeted methods. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jones
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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6
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Bartlett LJ. Frontiers in effective control of problem parasites in beekeeping. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:263-272. [PMID: 35309040 PMCID: PMC8924282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Demand for better control of certain parasites in managed western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) remains apparent amongst beekeepers in both Europe and North America, and is of widespread public, scientific, and agricultural concern. Academically, interest from numerous fields including veterinary sciences has led to many exemplary reviews of the parasites of honey bees and the treatment options available. However, summaries of current research frontiers in treating both novel and long-known parasites of managed honey bees are lacking. This review complements the currently comprehensive body of literature summarizing the effectiveness of parasite control in managed honey bees by outlining where significant gaps in development, implementation, and uptake lie, including integration into IPM frameworks and separation of cultural, biological, and chemical controls. In particular, I distinguish where challenges in identifying appropriate controls exist in the lab compared to where we encounter hurdles in technology transfer due to regulatory, economic, or cultural contexts. I overview how exciting frontiers in honey bee parasite control research are clearly demonstrated by the abundance of recent publications on novel control approaches, but also caution that temperance must be levied on the applied end of the research engine in believing that what can be achieved in a laboratory research environment can be quickly and effectively marketed for deployment in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bartlett
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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7
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Sharif R, Su L, Chen X, Qi X. Hormonal interactions underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6497882. [PMID: 35031797 PMCID: PMC8788353 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In some horticultural crops, such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae species, fruit set and development can occur without the fertilization of ovules, a process known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that can not only mitigate fruit yield losses caused by environmental stresses but can also induce the development of seedless fruit, which is a desirable trait for consumers. In the present review, the induction of parthenocarpic fruit by the application of hormones such as auxins (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; naphthaleneacetic acid), cytokinins (forchlorfenuron; 6-benzylaminopurine), gibberellic acids, and brassinosteroids is first presented. Then, the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit formation, mainly related to plant hormones, are presented. Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are categorized as primary players in initiating fruit set. Other hormones, such as ethylene, brassinosteroids, and melatonin, also participate in parthenocarpic fruit formation. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between these hormones is crucial for deciding the fate of fruit set. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future directions of research on parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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8
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Garratt MPD, de Groot GA, Albrecht M, Bosch J, Breeze TD, Fountain MT, Klein AM, McKerchar M, Park M, Paxton RJ, Potts SG, Pufal G, Rader R, Senapathi D, Andersson GKS, Bernauer OM, Blitzer EJ, Boreux V, Campbell AJ, Carvell C, Földesi R, García D, Garibaldi LA, Hambäck PA, Kirkitadze G, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Martins KT, Miñarro M, O'Connor R, Radzeviciute R, Roquer-Beni L, Samnegård U, Scott L, Vereecken NJ, Wäckers F, Webber SM, Japoshvili G, Zhusupbaeva A. Opportunities to reduce pollination deficits and address production shortfalls in an important insect-pollinated crop. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02445. [PMID: 34448315 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators face multiple pressures and there is evidence of populations in decline. As demand for insect-pollinated crops increases, crop production is threatened by shortfalls in pollination services. Understanding the extent of current yield deficits due to pollination and identifying opportunities to protect or improve crop yield and quality through pollination management is therefore of international importance. To explore the extent of "pollination deficits," where maximum yield is not being achieved due to insufficient pollination, we used an extensive dataset on a globally important crop, apples. We quantified how these deficits vary between orchards and countries and we compared "pollinator dependence" across different apple varieties. We found evidence of pollination deficits and, in some cases, risks of overpollination were even apparent for which fruit quality could be reduced by too much pollination. In almost all regions studied we found some orchards performing significantly better than others in terms of avoiding a pollination deficit and crop yield shortfalls due to suboptimal pollination. This represents an opportunity to improve production through better pollinator and crop management. Our findings also demonstrated that pollinator dependence varies considerably between apple varieties in terms of fruit number and fruit quality. We propose that assessments of pollination service and deficits in crops can be used to quantify supply and demand for pollinators and help to target local management to address deficits although crop variety has a strong influence on the role of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P D Garratt
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - G Arjen de Groot
- Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Eidgenössisches Departement für Wirtschaft, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Tom D Breeze
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra M Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Megan McKerchar
- Geography, Archaeology and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mia Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58201, USA
| | - Robert J Paxton
- Institute for Biology, Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olivia M Bernauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Virginie Boreux
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Claire Carvell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, OX10 8BB, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Földesi
- Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Daniel García
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas (Universidad de Oviedo) and Instituto Mixto de Investigación en Biodiversidad (IMIB, CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias), C/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, Oviedo, E-33006, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucas A Garibaldi
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki
- Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Kyle T Martins
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 0G4, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcos Miñarro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Apdo. 13, Villaviciosa, E-33300, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rory O'Connor
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Radzeviciute
- Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraβe 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Roquer-Beni
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lorraine Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Webber
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, SAPD, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - George Japoshvili
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Aigul Zhusupbaeva
- Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, 237 Panfilova str., Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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9
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Scales matter: Maximising the effectiveness of interventions for pollinators and pollination. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Bartlett LJ, Boots M, Brosi BJ, de Roode JC, Delaplane KS, Hernandez CA, Wilfert L. Persistent effects of management history on honeybee colony virus abundances. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 179:107520. [PMID: 33359478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major threat to both managed and wild pollinators. One key question is how the movement or transplantation of honeybee colonies under different management regimes affects honeybee disease epidemiology. We opportunistically examined any persistent effect of colony management history following relocation by characterising the virus abundances of honeybee colonies from three management histories, representing different management histories: feral, low-intensity management, and high-intensity "industrial" management. The colonies had been maintained for one year under the same approximate 'common garden' condition. Colonies in this observational study differed in their virus abundances according to management history, with the feral population history showing qualitatively different viral abundance patterns compared to colonies from the two managed population management histories; for example, higher abundance of sacbrood virus but lower abundances of various paralysis viruses. Colonies from the high-intensity management history exhibited higher viral abundances for all viruses than colonies from the low-intensity management history. Our results provide evidence that management history has persistent impacts on honeybee disease epidemiology, suggesting that apicultural intensification could be majorly impacting on pollinator health, justifying much more substantial investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Bartlett
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Michael Boots
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Berry J Brosi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Keith S Delaplane
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Catherine A Hernandez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK; Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
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Yield benefits of additional pollination to faba bean vary with cultivar, scale, yield parameter and experimental method. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2102. [PMID: 32034193 PMCID: PMC7005869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of insect pollination to crop yield are used to justify management decisions across agricultural landscapes but current methods for assessing these benefits may underestimate the importance of context. We quantify how the effects of simulated insect pollination vary between five faba bean cultivars, and to what extent this changes between years, scales, yield parameters, and experimental methods. We do this by measuring responses to standardised hand pollination treatments in controlled experiments in flight cages and in the field. Pollination treatments generally improved yield, but in some cases yield was lower with additional pollination. Pollination dependence varied with cultivar, ranging from 58% (loss in yield mass per plant without pollination) in one cultivar, to a lower yield with pollination in another (−51%). Pollination dependence also varied between flight cage and field experiments (−10 to 37% in the same cultivar and year), year (4 to 33%; same cultivar and yield parameter), and yield parameter (−4 to 46%; same cultivar and year). This variability highlights that to be robust, assessments of pollination benefits need to focus upon marketable crop outputs at a whole-plant or larger scale while including and accounting for the effects of different years, sites, methodologies and cultivars.
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12
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Guzman A, Chase M, Kremen C. On-Farm Diversification in an Agriculturally-Dominated Landscape Positively Influences Specialist Pollinators. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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13
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Decourtye A, Alaux C, Le Conte Y, Henry M. Toward the protection of bees and pollination under global change: present and future perspectives in a challenging applied science. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:123-131. [PMID: 31473587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years (1987-2016), bibliometric data have shown a drastic change in the scientific investigation of threats to bee populations. Bee research efforts committed to studying bioagressors of honeybees (mainly Varroa sp.) were predominant, but now appear to be shifting from bioagressors to global change in the published literature. This rise of global change science reveals prevailing topics, for current and future years: climate change, landscape alteration, agricultural intensification and invasive species. We argue that with increased investment in applied research and development, the scientific, beekeeping and agricultural communities will be able to find management strategies for productive agrosystems and enhanced resilience of pollination and beekeeping. This implies the need for restoring and improving food resources and shelters of bees by ecological intensification of diversified farming systems, and also reconciling sustainable beekeeping with wild pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Decourtye
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de l'abeille, Avignon, France; ACTA, Avignon, France.
| | - Cédric Alaux
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; INRA, UR406 Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Yves Le Conte
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; INRA, UR406 Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UMT PrADE, Avignon, France; INRA, UR406 Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
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14
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Dos Santos RC, Nietsche S, Pereira MCT, Ribeiro LM, Mercadante-Simões MO, Carneiro Dos Santos BH. Atemoya fruit development and cytological aspects of GA 3-induced growth and parthenocarpy. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1345-1360. [PMID: 31065805 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous application of GA3 to atemoya tree flowers induces parthenocarpy, and in association with artificial pollination, it increases the fruit size. Morphological, anatomical, ultrastructural, and chemical aspects were evaluated during development of (1) fruit produced by artificial pollination (AP), (2) fruit from AP followed by the application of 250 ppm GA3, and (3) parthenocarpic fruit induced by the application of 1000 ppm GA3. Fruit growth showed a sigmoidal pattern, with development occurring in three phases: (I) cell division, (II) cell differentiation, and (III) maturation. Phase I presented cells with large nuclear volumes and a large population of organelles, phase II presented cells with a reduction in cytoplasm and an increase in vacuole volume, and phase III presented cells with an increase in plastids with reserve compounds. The application of GA3, in association with pollination, precedes cytological events and delays when applied exclusively. GA3 promotes the growth of pollinated fruits by stimulating cell division and expansion, which occur in association with reduced seed production, and the GA3 induces parthenocarpy by maintaining division and stimulating cell expansion. The absence of seeds accounts for the smaller size of the parthenocarpic fruits, and the lower accumulation of calcium accounts for less firm fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Carneiro Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal no Semiárido, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Reinaldo Viana 2650, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, CEP-39400-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Nietsche
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, CEP 39.404-547, Brazil.
| | - Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal no Semiárido, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Reinaldo Viana 2650, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, CEP-39400-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus professor Darcy Ribeiro, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39.401-089, Brazil
| | - Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Campus professor Darcy Ribeiro, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, CEP 39.401-089, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Carneiro Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal no Semiárido, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Reinaldo Viana 2650, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, CEP-39400-000, Brazil
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15
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Potts SG, Neumann P, Vaissière B, Vereecken NJ. Robotic bees for crop pollination: Why drones cannot replace biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:665-667. [PMID: 29909334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The notion that robotic crop pollination will solve the decline in pollinators has gained wide popularity recently (Fig. 1), and in March 2018 Walmart filed a patent for autonomous robot bees. However, w present six arguments showing that this is a technically and economically inviable 'solution' at present and poses substantial ecological and moral risks: (1) despite recent advances, robotic pollination is far from being able to replace bees to pollinate crops efficiently; (2) using robots is very unlikely to be economically viable; (3) there would be unacceptably high environmental costs; (4) wider ecosystems would be damaged; (5) it would erode the values of biodiversity; and, (6) relying on robotic pollination could actually lead to major food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3097 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard Vaissière
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR406 Abeilles & Environnement, 228 route de l'aérodrome, F-84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology Lab, Interfaculty School of Bioengineering, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Garratt MP, Brown R, Hartfield C, Hart A, Potts SG. Integrated crop pollination to buffer spatial and temporal variability in pollinator activity. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Garibaldi LA, Andersson GK, Requier F, Fijen TP, Hipólito J, Kleijn D, Pérez-Méndez N, Rollin O. Complementarity and synergisms among ecosystem services supporting crop yield. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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