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Yang YN, Liu XY, Lin YG. The organic acid environmental capacity of mangrove ecosystem in Dongzhai harbor, Hainan, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116622. [PMID: 38917498 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
To establish a method for studying the organic acid environmental capacity of mangrove ecosystems, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the organic acid detoxification agent; Using different cultivation methods to determine the toxicity threshold of organic acids on mangrove plants; Calculate the environmental capacity of organic acids by combining the toxicity threshold of organic acids with the volume of water in the study area. The results showed the range of toxicity thresholds of organic acids to 25.29-30 mg/L would have an inhibitory effect on the development of mangrove plant hypocotyls; The organic acid environmental capacity of Dongzhai harbor Mangrove Wetland Protection Area is 7.76 × 10^4 kg/d ~ 8.73 × 10^4 kg/d, while the estimated organic acid emissions from shrimp ponds around Dongzhai harbor are 7.06 × 10^3 kg/d ~ 7.83 × 10^3 kg/d. Therefore, the organic acid emissions from shrimp ponds around Dongzhai harbor are within the carrying range of the mangrove wetland ecosystem in Dongzhai harbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Yang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, 10083, China.
| | - X Y Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, 10083, China
| | - Y G Lin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, 10083, China
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Chen J, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Chen G, Chen S, Wu H, Zhu H, Ye Y. Dredging wastewater discharge from shrimp ponds affects mangrove soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171916. [PMID: 38522536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Dredging wastewater discharge is a significant environmental concern for mariculture near mangrove ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to its effects on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in mangrove habitats. This study compared the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in the polluted area that received dredging wastewater from a shrimp pond with those in the control area without wastewater to explore the effects of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. Variations in soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities across different tidal flat areas and depths were also examined. The polluted area exhibited lower soil salinity (10.47 ± 0.58 vs. 15.64 ± 0.54) and moisture content (41.85 ± 1.03 % vs. 45.81 ± 1.06 %) than the control area. Wastewater discharge increased soil enzyme activities, (acid phosphatase, protease, and catalase), resulting in higher inorganic nitrogen (13.20 ± 0.00 μg g-1 vs. 11.60 ± 0.03 μg g-1) but lower total nitrogen (0.93 ± 0.01 mg g-1 vs. 1.62 ± 0.11 mg g-1) in the contaminated zone. From the control to polluted area, there was an approximate increase of 0.43 and 0.83 mg g-1 in soil total phosphorus and soluble phosphate, driven by increased acid phosphatase. However, soil humus and organic matter decreased by 0.04 and 1.22 %, respectively, because of wastewater discharge. The impact of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities was most pronounced in the landward and surface soil layers (0-5 cm). The results showed that wastewater discharge altered soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities, accumulating soil bioavailable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen and soluble phosphate), but at the cost of reduced soil quality, especially organic matter, further adversely affecting the overall health of mangrove ecosystems. Prioritizing the management of wastewater discharged from mariculture adjacent to mangrove forests is crucial for mangrove conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shunyang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Cordova MR, Ulumuddin YI, Lubis AA, Kaisupy MT, Wibowo SPA, Subandi R, Yogaswara D, Purbonegoro T, Renyaan J, Nurdiansah D, Sugiharto U, Shintianata D, Meiliastri SS, Andini FP, Suratno, Ilman M, Anggoro AW, Basir, Cragg SM. Microplastics leaving a trace in mangrove sediments ever since they were first manufactured: A study from Indonesia mangroves. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115517. [PMID: 37690405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove environments have been well recognized as marine litter traps. However, it is unclear whether mangrove sediments sink microplastics more effectively than other marine sediments due to active sedimentation. Furthermore, microplastics archives in mangrove sediments may provide quantitative data on the impact of human activities on environmental pollution throughout history. Microplastic abundance varied markedly between high and low anthropogenic activities. Both mangrove and adjacent mudflats sediments act as microplastic sequesters, despite having similar microplastic abundances and depth profiles. The decreasing trend of microplastics was observed until the sediment layers dated to the first-time plastic was manufactured in Indonesia, in the early 1950s, but microplastics remained present beneath those layers, indicating the downward movements. This discovery highlighted the significance of mangrove sediments as microplastic sinks. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms of microplastic deposition in sediments, as well as their fate and potential impact on mangrove sediment dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Yaya Ihya Ulumuddin
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Ali Arman Lubis
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49, Jakarta 12630, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Taufik Kaisupy
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Singgih Prasetyo Adi Wibowo
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Riyana Subandi
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Deny Yogaswara
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Jeverson Renyaan
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Doni Nurdiansah
- Research Center for Oceanography, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN Kawasan Ancol Jl Pasir Putih 1, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Untung Sugiharto
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49, Jakarta 12630, Indonesia
| | - Dienda Shintianata
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49, Jakarta 12630, Indonesia
| | - Sonia Saraswati Meiliastri
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49, Jakarta 12630, Indonesia
| | - Faza Putri Andini
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No.49, Jakarta 12630, Indonesia
| | - Suratno
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, The Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Gading IV Playen Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilman
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No.66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Aji Wahyu Anggoro
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No.66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Basir
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No.66C, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Simon M Cragg
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Centre for Blue Governance, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Towards Sustainable Aquaculture: A Brief Look into Management Issues. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture’s role has expanded over the past two decades, with the industry contributing to nearly 50% of the overall fish production. Aquaculture production in Asia and Africa contributes a significant share of total global aquaculture output growth. Aquaculture supports livelihoods and income improvement in a number of states, despite the fact that economic situations have indeed been unfavourable and environmental concerns remain undeniable. To meet the growing demand for fish, aquaculture must expand. However, this expansion will not be sustainable unless management and planning are significantly improved. Local, national, and international management are needed to address the social, economic, and environmental problems. These provide the foundation to proper aquaculture management strategies. In considering the involved ecology, water quality, and genetics, aquaculture can have a detrimental impact on the environmental sustainability. This paper highlights the review on site selection with capacity evaluation, analysis of threats and risks, as well as certification and standards, which are all important considerations in achieving a sustainable aquaculture industry.
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Zakaria KA, Yatim NI, Ali N, Rastegari H. Recycling phosphorus and calcium from aquaculture waste as a precursor for hydroxyapatite (HAp) production: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46471-46486. [PMID: 35508846 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water contaminated with phosphorus needs to be managed efficiently to ensure that clean water sources will be preserved. Aquaculture plays an essential role in supplying food and generating high revenue. However, the quantity of phosphorus released from aquaculture effluents is among the major concerns for the environment. Phosphorus is a non-renewable, spatially concentrated material essential for global food production. Phosphorus is also known as a primary source of eutrophication. Hence, phosphorus recovery and separation from different wastewater streams are mandatory. This paper reviews the source of phosphorus in the environment, focusing on aquaculture wastewater as a precursor for hydroxyapatite formation evaluates the research progress on maximizing phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastewater effluents and converting it into a conversion. Shrimp shell waste appears to be an essential resource for manufacturing high-value chemicals, given current trends in wealth creation from waste. Shrimp shell waste is the richest source of calcium carbonate and has been used to produce hydroxyapatite after proper treatment is reviewed. There have been significant attempts to create safe and long-term solutions for the disposal of shrimp shell debris. Through the discussion, the optimum condition of the method, the source of phosphorus, and the calcium are the factors that influence the formation of hydroxyapatite as a pioneer in zero-waste management for sustainability and profitable approach. This review will provide comprehensive documentation on resource utilization and product development from aquaculture wastewater and waste to achieve a zero-waste approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalia A Zakaria
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza I Yatim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nora'aini Ali
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology & Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Hajar Rastegari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Gao CH, Zhang S, Wei MY, Ding QS, Ma DN, Li J, Wen C, Li H, Zhao ZZ, Wang CH, Zheng HL. Effects of shrimp pond effluent on functional traits and functional diversity of mangroves in Zhangjiang Estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118762. [PMID: 34971744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the scale of shrimp ponds has rapidly increased adjacent to mangrove forests. Discharge of shrimp pond effluent has led to degradation of the surrounding environment and reduction of biodiversity in the estuary. But it remains poorly understood how shrimp pond effluent affects functional traits and functional diversity of mangroves. We sampled roots, stems and leaves of Kandelia obovata and other mangrove plants, as well as sediments and pore water from shrimp pond effluent polluted area (P) and clean area (control area, C) in Zhangjiang Estuary in southeast coast of China. Twenty plant functional traits and six functional diversity indices were analyzed to explore the effects of shrimp pond effluent on individual plants and mangrove communities. The results showed that the discharge of shrimp pond effluent significantly affected the nutrient content in soils and pore water, for example, sediment NH4+ and NO3- concentration increased from 0.26 ± 0.06 to 0.77 ± 0.29 mg/g and from 0.05 ± 0.03 to 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/g, respectively, when comparing the C and P site. Furthermore, some mangrove plant functional traits such as plant height, diameter at breast height, canopy thickness and specific leaf area were significantly increased by the effluent discharge. Functional diversity in the polluted area reduced as a whole compared to the control area. In particular, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen input is the main reason to induce the changes of plant functional traits and functional diversity. Besides, the community structure changed from functional differentiation to functional convergence after shrimp pond effluent discharge. In addition, the long-term shrimp pond effluent discharge may lead to the ecological strategy shift of K. obovata, while different organs may adopt different ways of nutrient uptake and growth strategies in the face of effluent disturbance. In conclusion, pollution from shrimp pond does affect the functional traits of mangrove plants and functional diversity of mangrove community. These results provide strong evidence to assess the impact of effluent discharges on mangrove plants and provide theoretical basis for conservation and sustainable development of mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Wen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Chun-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
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Iber BT, Kasan NA. Recent advances in Shrimp aquaculture wastewater management. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08283. [PMID: 34778576 PMCID: PMC8577153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has been celebrated globally and believed to usher in a viable alternative to capture fisheries. It is most welcomed especially now that the world population explosion has pushed the demand on fisheries products to worrisome limits. Shrimp farming is an area of aquaculture that has witnessed significant growth in recent years, contributing substantially to the global aquaculture production. However, intensification of shrimp aquaculture has come with unintended consequences such as wastewater management and other problems emanating from environmental impact of the wastewater. This study identified excess feed and fertilizer application, metabolite wastes, shrimp mortalities, oil spillage from farm machines, drug and chemical abuse as some of the activities contributing to wastewater generation in shrimp aquaculture farming. The impact of shrimp effluent water discharged has been observed to be socio-economic with both positive and negative dimensions. In attempt to overcome the overwhelming problems associated with shrimp effluent water and bring reassurances to its sustainability, a good number of new technological approaches have been identified including caviation, high-rate algal pond system, use of nanomaterials, biofloc technology, nanoadsorbent and polymeric nanoadsorbents. Although all have been proven to be useful, none could boast of a complete and integrated approach that considers all the technological, legal, social, environmental, public health and institutional concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Terkula Iber
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Tian Y, Lu H, Hong H, Qian L, Yuan B, Liu J, Yan C. Potential and mechanism of glomalin-related soil protein on metal sequestration in mangrove wetlands affected by aquaculture effluents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126517. [PMID: 34261031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture effluent discharge containing heavy metals affects estuarine mangrove wetlands. Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is recalcitrant organic matter that can be trapped in mangrove wetlands and is critical to metal sequestration. However, studies on the effects of long-term aquaculture effluents on metal pollution in adjacent mangrove wetlands and the ecological role of GRSP are lacking. For the first time, we revealed the effects of discharge histories (0, 8, and 14 years) of shrimp pond effluents on metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), including the entire process from feed to metals binding with GRSP in mangrove soils. Results showed that mangrove soils receiving the effluents generally had higher or similar metal loadings compared to the control, and long-term effluent discharge increased the potential toxicity of the metals. Aquaculture feed could be a main source of metal input. Redundancy analysis indicated that 14-year effluent discharge increased the pH, bulk density, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of mangrove soils, reducing the potential of GRSP-bound metals. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy characterisation revealed that effluent disturbances changed the surface morphology and functional group contents of GRSP. This study provides insights into using GRSP as an aquaculture pollution bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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