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Oliveira MA, Braga-Pereira F, El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Doria CRDC, Messias MR. Hunting practices in southwestern Amazonia: a comparative study of techniques, modalities, and baits among urban and rural hunters. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:27. [PMID: 37400859 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hunting is a vital means of obtaining animal in various human populations. Hunters rely on their knowledge of species ecology and behavior to develop and employ hunting techniques and increase their chances of success. The comparison of the hunting practices of different human societies can shed light on the sustainability of hunting and the impact it has on species' populations. In this study, we examine and compare the techniques, modalities, and baits used by urban and rural hunters in Rondônia, a state in southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. We expected that rural hunters would use these elements and have greater knowledge when compared to urban hunters. We also expect that the use of specific hunting techniques and modalities will have greater selectivity and specificity of capture for rural hunters and that this knowledge will differ between groups. METHODS We conducted 106 semi-structured interviews with rural and urban hunters from October 2018 to February 2020. We analyzed the data using PERMANOVA and Network analyses to compare and contrast the hunting practices of each group. RESULTS We recorded four main hunting techniques divided into ten modalities with three techniques and seven modalities being the preferred choices among hunters. Waiting for at a Fruit Tree was cited as the primary technique employed by hunters living in urban and rural areas indicated. While the techniques and modalities were similar among hunters, the composition of species targeted and baits used differed between groups. Our network approach showed that modularity in urban areas was numerically lower than in rural areas. All species had one to more techniques associated with their capture. CONCLUSIONS Hunters living in urban and rural environments showed high similarity in their practices, probably due to sharing similar environments to hunt containing similar species, as well as targeting preferably the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Alvares Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon (BIONORTE Network), Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.
- Post-graduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.
- Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Amazonian Fauna (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil.
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru.
| | - Franciany Braga-Pereira
- Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Amazonian Fauna (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Amazonian Fauna (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology Research Group, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Thais Queiroz Morcatty
- Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Amazonian Fauna (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon (BIONORTE Network), Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Rezende Messias
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazon (BIONORTE Network), Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Amazonian Fauna (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
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Froese GZL, Ebang Mbélé A, Beirne C, Atsame L, Bayossa C, Bazza B, Bidzime Nkoulou M, Dzime N'noh S, Ebeba J, Edzidzie J, Ekazama Koto S, Imbomba S, Mandomobo Mapio E, Mandou Mabouanga HG, Mba Edang E, Landry Metandou J, Mossindji C, Ngoboutseboue I, Nkwele C, Nzemfoule E, Sala Elie B, Sergent A, Poulsen JR. Coupling paraecology and hunter GPS self‐follows to quantify village bushmeat hunting dynamics across the landscape scale. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graden Z. L. Froese
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET/CENAREST) Libreville Gabon
| | - Alex Ebang Mbélé
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) Libreville Gabon
| | - Christopher Beirne
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Lucie Atsame
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
| | | | - Blaise Bazza
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
| | | | | | - Jovin Ebeba
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
| | | | | | - Serge Imbomba
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christ Nkwele
- Nsombou Abalghe‐Dzal Association (NADA) Makokou Gabon
| | | | | | | | - John R. Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
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Description of larval morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Heterotemna tenuicornis (Silphidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:16973. [PMID: 34417480 PMCID: PMC8379240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing clear and detailed morphological descriptions of endemic species in limited areas enables new knowledge of their biology and ecology to be obtained through citizen science. This information can be further used for their protection. Our study presents the first morphological description of the larvae of all three instars of Heterotemna tenuicornis (Brullé, 1836), an endemic species of the Canary Islands that, together with H. britoi García & Pérez, 1996 and H. figurata (Brullé, 1839), belongs to the peculiar genus Heterotemna Wollaston, 1864. Furthermore, we present the first sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S) obtained from larval specimens, and cross reference them with sequences from an adult specimen. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data placed the genus Heterotemna within the genus Silpha Linnaeus, 1758, suggesting paraphyly of Silpha. In our study, we underline the importance of using a combination of morphological description and molecular data, that can be used for barcoding developmental stages which could not otherwise be definitely associated.
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Nicosia G, Rodríguez-Planes LI, Maranta AA, Morel A, Gürtler RE. Combining citizen science and recreational hunters to monitor exotic ungulates and native wildlife in a protected area of northeastern Argentina. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Garber PA. Advocacy and Activism as Essential Tools in Primate Conservation. INT J PRIMATOL 2021; 43:168-184. [PMID: 33716363 PMCID: PMC7944466 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primates are facing a global extinction crisis driven by an expanding human population, environmental degradation, the conversion of tropical forests into monocultures for industrial agriculture and cattle ranching, unsustainable resource extraction, hunting, climate change, and the threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. And, although many primate scientists have dedicated their careers to conservation, 65% of primate species are listed as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered, and >75% are experiencing a population decline. Projections indicate that by the end of the century, an additional 75% of the area currently occupied by wild primates will be lost to agriculture. Clearly, we are losing the battle and must change business-as-usual if we are to protect wild primates and their habitats. This article is a call to action. Primate societies and their membership need to expand their engagement in scientific advocacy and scientific activism designed to educate, inspire, organize, and mobilize global citizens to join together, lobby business leaders and politicians in both primate habitat countries and in consumer nations, boycott forest-risk products, participate in demonstrations and letter writing campaigns, and use social media to effect transformational change. We are the experts, and the more we and our professional organizations drive the public policy debate on wildlife conservation and environmental justice, the more successful we will be in protecting the world's primates from extinction. The time to act is now!
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan China
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Thornhill I, Cornelissen JHC, McPherson JM, MacBride‐Stewart S, Mohamad Z, White HJ, Wiersma YF. Towards ecological science for all by all. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology A‐Life Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jana M. McPherson
- Centre for Conservation Research Calgary Zoo Foundation Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sara MacBride‐Stewart
- School of Social Sciences and Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Zeeda Mohamad
- Department of Science and Technology Studies Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Hannah J. White
- School of Natural Sciences (Zoology Building) Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Chaudhary A. Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9816. [PMID: 32884865 PMCID: PMC7444509 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, ~65% of extant primate species (ca 512 species) distributed in 91 countries in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, South Asia and Southeast Asia are threatened with extinction and 75% have declining populations as a result of deforestation and habitat loss resulting from increasing global market demands, and land conversion for industrial agriculture, cattle production and natural resource extraction. Other pressures that negatively impact primates are unsustainable bushmeat hunting, the illegal trade of primates as pets and as body parts, expanding road networks in previously isolated areas, zoonotic disease transmission and climate change. Here we examine current and future trends in several socio-economic factors directly or indirectly affecting primates to further our understanding of the interdependent relationship between human well-being, sustainable development, and primate population persistence. We found that between 2001 and 2018 ca 191 Mha of tropical forest (30% canopy cover) were lost as a result of human activities in the five primate range regions. Forty-six percent of this loss was in the Neotropics (Mexico, Central and South America), 30% in Southeast Asia, 21% in mainland Africa, 2% in Madagascar and 1% in South Asia. Countries with the greatest losses (ca 57% of total tree cover loss) were Brazil, Indonesia, DRC, China, and Malaysia. Together these countries harbor almost 50% of all extant primate species. In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. Projections to 2050 and to 2100 indicate continued rapid growth of the human populations in these five primate range regions, with Africa surpassing all the other regions and totaling ca 4bn people by the year 2100. Socioeconomic indicators show that, compared to developed nations, most primate range countries are characterized by high levels of poverty and income inequality, low human development, low food security, high levels of corruption and weak governance. Models of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) projected to 2050 and 2100 showed that whereas practices of increasing inequality (SSP4) or unconstrained growth in economic output and energy use (SSP5) are projected to have dire consequences for human well-being and primate survivorship, practices of sustainability-focused growth and equality (SSP1) are expected to have a positive effect on maintaining biodiversity, protecting environments, and improving the human condition. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world's primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Biology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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