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Chakrabarty B, Bijos DA, Vahabi B, Clavica F, Kanai AJ, Pickering AE, Fry CH, Drake MJ. Modulation of Bladder Wall Micromotions Alters Intravesical Pressure Activity in the Isolated Bladder. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1937. [PMID: 30687132 PMCID: PMC6335571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromotions are phasic contractions of the bladder wall. During urine storage, such phasic activity has little effect on intravesical pressure, however, changed motile activity may underlie urodynamic observations such as detrusor overactivity. The potential for bladder motility to affect pressure reflects a summation of the overall movements, comprising the initiation, propagation, and dissipation components of micromotions. In this study, the influence of initiation of micromotions was investigated using calcium activated chloride channel blocker niflumic acid, and the effect of propagation using blockers of gap junctions. The overall bladder tone was modulated using isoprenaline. Isolated tissue strips and whole bladder preparations from juvenile rats were used. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was used to block gap junctions, reducing the amplitude and frequency of micromotions in in vitro and ex vivo preparations. Niflumic acid reduced the frequency of micromotions but had no effect on the amplitude of pressure fluctuations. Isoprenaline resulted in a reduction in pressure fluctuations and a decrease in pressure baseline. Using visual video data analysis, bladder movement was visible, irrespective of lack of pressure changes, which persisted during bladder relaxation. However, micromotions propagated over shorter distances and the overall bladder tone was reduced. All these results suggest that phasic activity of the bladder can be characterised by a combination of initiation and propagation of movement, and overall bladder tone. At any given moment, intravesical pressure recordings are an integration of these parameters. This synthesis gives insight into the limitations of clinical urodynamics, where intravesical pressure is the key indicator of detrusor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Chakrabarty
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika A Bijos
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Southmead Hospital, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of West England, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Clavica
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J Drake
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Southmead Hospital, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Soukup O, Winder M, Killi UK, Wsol V, Jun D, Kuca K, Tobin G. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Drugs Acting on Muscarinic Receptors- Potential Crosstalk of Cholinergic Mechanisms During Pharmacological Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:637-653. [PMID: 27281175 PMCID: PMC5543679 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160607212615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceuticals with targets in the cholinergic transmission have been used for decades and are still fundamental treatments in many diseases and conditions today. Both the transmission and the effects of the somatomotoric and the parasympathetic nervous systems may be targeted by such treatments. Irrespective of the knowledge that the effects of neuronal signalling in the nervous systems may include a number of different receptor subtypes of both the nicotinic and the muscarinic receptors, this complexity is generally overlooked when assessing the mechanisms of action of pharmaceuticals. METHODS We have search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focused on the cholinergic system. Also, we have taken advantage of our expertise in this field to deduce the conclusions of this study. RESULTS Presently, the life cycle of acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors and their effects are reviewed in the major organ systems of the body. Neuronal and non-neuronal sources of acetylcholine are elucidated. Examples of pharmaceuticals, in particular cholinesterase inhibitors, affecting these systems are discussed. The review focuses on salivary glands, the respiratory tract and the lower urinary tract, since the complexity of the interplay of different muscarinic receptor subtypes is of significance for physiological, pharmacological and toxicological effects in these organs. CONCLUSION Most pharmaceuticals targeting muscarinic receptors are employed at such large doses that no selectivity can be expected. However, some differences in the adverse effect profile of muscarinic antagonists may still be explained by the variation of expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in different organs. However, a complex pattern of interactions between muscarinic receptor subtypes occurs and needs to be considered when searching for selective pharmaceuticals. In the development of new entities for the treatment of for instance pesticide intoxication, the muscarinic receptor selectivity needs to be considered. Reactivators generally have a muscarinic M2 receptor acting profile. Such a blockade may engrave the situation since it may enlarge the effect of the muscarinic M3 receptor effect. This may explain why respiratory arrest is the major cause for deaths by esterase blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Winder
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Uday Kumar Killi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Wsol
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ren ZL, Zhang J, Li HD, Chu MJ, Zhang LS, Yao XK, Xia Y, Lv XH, Cao HQ. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives Containing a Pyrazole Moiety. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1755-1762. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Ren
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hai-dong Li
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester
| | - Ming-Jie Chu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Li-Song Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Xiao-Kang Yao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Xian-Hai Lv
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University
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