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Qiu JY, Ma LQ, Liu BB, Zhang WJ, Liu MS, Wang GG, Zhao XX, Luo X, Wang Q, Xu H, Zang DA, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Yu MF, Chen W, Dai J, Liu QH. Folium Sennae and emodin reverse airway smooth muscle contraction. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1870-1880. [PMID: 32437058 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this project was to find a bronchodilatory compound from herbs and clarify the mechanism. We found that the ethanol extract of Folium Sennae (EEFS) can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM). EEFS inhibited ASM contraction, induced by acetylcholine, in mouse tracheal rings and lung slices. High-performance liquid chromatography assay showed that EEFS contained emodin. Emodin had a similar reversal action. Acetylcholine-evoked contraction was also partially reduced by nifedipine (a selective inhibitor of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, LVDCCs), YM-58483 (a selective inhibitor of store-operated Ca2+ entry, SOCE), as well as Y-27632 (an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase). In addition, LVDCC- and SOCE-mediated currents and cytosolic Ca2+ elevations were inhibited by emodin. Emodin reversed acetylcholine-caused increases in phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. Furthermore, emodin, in vivo, inhibited acetylcholine-induced respiratory system resistance in mice. These results indicate that EEFS-induced relaxation results from emodin inhibiting LVDCC, SOCE, and Ca2+ sensitization. These findings suggest that Folium Sennae and emodin may be new sources of bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Qiu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Su Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge-Ge Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Chen C, Yang Y, Yu MF, Shi S, Han S, Liu QH, Cai C, Shen J. Relaxant Action of Diclofenac Sodium on Mouse Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:608. [PMID: 31275141 PMCID: PMC6591797 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is widely used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. Herein, we found that DCF could relax high K+ (80 mM K+)-/ACh-precontracted tracheal rings (TRs) in mice. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of DCF-induced relaxations. The effects of DCF on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were explored using multiple biophysiological techniques, such as isometric tension measurement and patch-clamping experiments. Both high K+- and ACh-evoked contraction of TRs in mice were relaxed by DCF in a dose-dependent manner. The results of isometric tension and patch-clamping experiments demonstrated that DCF-induced relaxation in ASM cells was mediated by cytosolic free Ca2+, which was decreased via inhibition of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (VDLCCs), nonselective cation channels (NSCCs), and Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Meanwhile, DCF also enhanced large conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (BK) channels, which led to the relaxation of ASMs. Our data demonstrated that DCF relaxed ASMs by decreasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration via inhibition of Ca2+ influx and Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Meanwhile, the enhanced BK channels also played a role in DCF-induced relaxation in ASMs. These results suggest that DCF is a potential candidate for antibronchospasmic drugs used in treating respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Chen
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongle Yang
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunbo Shi
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhui Han
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Congli Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Wuhan Youzhiyou Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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3
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Benidipine, an anti-hypertensive drug, relaxes mouse airway smooth muscle. Life Sci 2019; 227:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang Q, Yu MF, Zhang WJ, Liu BB, Zhao QY, Luo X, Xu H, She YS, Zang DA, Qiu JY, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Chen W, Ma LQ, Nie X, Shen C, Chen S, Chen S, Liu Q, Dai J, Qin G, Zheng YM, Wang YX, ZhuGe R, Chen J, Liu QH. Azithromycin inhibits muscarinic 2 receptor-activated and voltage-activated Ca 2+ permeant ion channels and Ca 2+ sensitization, relaxing airway smooth muscle contraction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:329-336. [PMID: 30609110 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) has been used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, the effects and underlying mechanisms of AZM remain largely unknown. The effects of AZM on airway smooth muscles (ASMs) and the underlying mechanisms were studied using isometric muscle force measurements, the examination of lung slices, imaging, and patch-clamp techniques. AZM completely inhibited acetylcholine (ACH)-induced precontraction of ASMs in animals (mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) and humans. Two other macrolide antibiotics, roxithromycin and Klaricid, displayed a decreased inhibitory activity, and the aminoglycoside antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin did not have an inhibitory effect. Precontractions were partially inhibited by nifedipine (selective inhibitor of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (LVDCCs)), Pyr3 (selective inhibitor of TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai channels, which are nonselective cation channels (NSCCs)), and Y-27632 (selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)). Moreover, LVDCC- and NSCC-mediated currents were inhibited by AZM, and the latter were suppressed by the muscarinic (M) 2 receptor inhibitor methoctramine. AZM inhibited LVDCC Ca2+ permeant ion channels, M2 receptors, and TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai, which decreased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and led to muscle relaxation. This relaxation was also enhanced by the inhibition of Ca2+ sensitization. Therefore, AZM has potential as a novel and potent bronchodilator. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the effects of AZM on asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shan She
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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She YS, Ma LQ, Liu BB, Zhang WJ, Qiu JY, Chen YY, Li MY, Xue L, Luo X, Wang Q, Xu H, Zang DA, Zhao XX, Cao L, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Yu MF, Chen W, Nie X, Shen C, Chen S, Chen S, Qin G, Dai J, Chen J, Liu QH. Semen cassiae Extract Inhibits Contraction of Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1389. [PMID: 30564120 PMCID: PMC6288305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β2-adrenoceptor agonists are commonly used as bronchodilators to treat obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, they induce severe side effects. Therefore, developing new bronchodilators is essential. Herbal plants were extracted and the extracts’ effect on airway smooth muscle (ASM) precontraction was assessed. The ethyl alcohol extract of semen cassiae (EESC) was extracted from Semen cassia. The effects of EESC on the ACh- and 80 mM K+-induced sustained precontraction in mouse and human ASM were evaluated. Ca2+ permeant ion channel currents and intracellular Ca2+ concentration were measured. HPLC analysis was employed to determine which compound was responsible for the EESC-induced relaxation. The EESC reversibly inhibited the ACh- and 80 mM K+-induced precontraction. The sustained precontraction depends on Ca2+ influx, and it was mediated by voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (LVDCCs), store-operated channels (SOCs), TRPC3/STIM/Orai channels. These channels were inhibited by aurantio-obtusin, one component of EESC. When aurantio-obtusin removed, EESC’s action disappeared. In addition, aurantio-obtusin inhibited the precontraction of mouse and human ASM and intracellular Ca2+ increases. These results indicate that Semen cassia-contained aurantio-obtusin inhibits sustained precontraction of ASM via inhibiting Ca2+-permeant ion channels, thereby, which could be used to develop new bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan She
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qiu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Yue Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Lung Transplant Group, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyou Shen
- Lung Transplant Group, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Lung Transplant Group, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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