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Guo B, Wang C, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Long H, Ruan Z, Lin Z, Fan Z, Li Y, Zhao S. Causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density: a large-scale genetic correlation study. Bone Res 2023; 11:37. [PMID: 37474577 PMCID: PMC10359275 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density (BMD). Based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 1 325 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (BIDPs) of brain structure from the UK Biobank and GWAS summary datasets of 5 BMD locations, including the total body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, forearm, and heel from the GEFOS Consortium, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was conducted to determine the genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR) was then performed to explore the causal relationship between the BIDPs and BMD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the strength and stability of the present MR outcomes. To increase confidence in our findings, we also performed confirmatory MR between BIDPs and osteoporosis. LDSC revealed that 1.93% of BIDPs, with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, were genetically correlated with BMD. Additionally, we observed that 1.31% of BIDPs exhibited a significant causal relationship with BMD (FDR < 0.01) through MR. Both the LDSC and MR results demonstrated that the BIDPs "Volume of normalized brain," "Volume of gray matter in Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars opercularis," "Volume of Estimated Total Intra Cranial" and "Volume-ratio of brain segmentation/estimated total intracranial" had strong associations with BMD. Interestingly, our results showed that more left BIDPs were causally associated with BMD, especially within and around the left frontal region. In conclusion, a part of the brain structure causally influences BMD, which may provide important perspectives for the prevention of osteoporosis and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain-bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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2
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Swinford CG, Risacher SL, Wu YC, Apostolova LG, Gao S, Bice PJ, Saykin AJ. Altered cerebral blood flow in older adults with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:223-256. [PMID: 36484922 PMCID: PMC10117447 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is projected to reach 13 million in the U.S. by 2050. Although major efforts have been made to avoid this outcome, so far there are no treatments that can stop or reverse the progressive cognitive decline that defines Alzheimer's disease. The utilization of preventative treatment before significant cognitive decline has occurred may ultimately be the solution, necessitating a reliable biomarker of preclinical/prodromal disease stages to determine which older adults are most at risk. Quantitative cerebral blood flow is a promising potential early biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, but the spatiotemporal patterns of altered cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease are not fully understood. The current systematic review compiles the findings of 81 original studies that compared resting gray matter cerebral blood flow in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and that of cognitively normal older adults and/or assessed the relationship between cerebral blood flow and objective cognitive function. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease had relatively decreased cerebral blood flow in all brain regions investigated, especially the temporoparietal and posterior cingulate, while individuals with mild cognitive impairment had consistent results of decreased cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate but more mixed results in other regions, especially the frontal lobe. Most papers reported a positive correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function. This review highlights the need for more studies assessing cerebral blood flow changes both spatially and temporally over the course of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the importance of including potential confounding factors in these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily G Swinford
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paula J Bice
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. IU Neuroscience Center, GH 4101, 46202, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Mutoh T, Kunitoki K, Tatewaki Y, Yamamoto S, Thyreau B, Matsudaira I, Kawashima R, Taki Y. Impact of medium-chain triglycerides on gait performance and brain metabolic network in healthy older adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled study. GeroScience 2022; 44:1325-1338. [PMID: 35380356 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) has the potential to increase memory function in elderly patients with frailty and dementia. Our aim was to investigate the effects of MCT on cognitive and gait functions and their relationships with focal brain metabolism and functional connectivity even in healthy older adults. Participants were blindly randomized and allocated to two groups: 18 g/day of MCT oil and matching placebo formula (control) administered as a jelly stick (6 g/pack, ingested three times a day). Gait analysis during the 6-m walk test, cognition, brain focal glucose metabolism quantified by 18F-fluorodeocyglucose positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging-based functional connectivity were assessed before and after a 3-month intervention. Sixty-three healthy, normal adults (females and males) were included. Compared with the control group, the MCT group showed better balance ability, as represented by the lower Lissajous index (23.1 ± 14.4 vs. 31.3 ± 18.9; P < 0.01), although no time × group interaction was observed in cognitive and other gait parameters. Moreover, MCT led to suppressed glucose metabolism in the right sensorimotor cortex compared with the control (P < 0.001), which was related to improved balance (r = 0.37; P = 0.04) along with increased functional connectivity from the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere. In conclusion, a 3-month MCT supplementation improves walking balance by suppressing glucose metabolism, which suggests the involvement of the cerebro-cerebellar network. This may reflect, at least in part, the inverse reaction of the ketogenic switch as a beneficial effect of long-term MCT dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Senshu-Kubota-machi, Akita, 010-0874, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kunitoki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsudaira
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Deng Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Huang J, Zhang D, Luo J. HO-1 mediated by PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-rescueing impaired cognitive function induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat model. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:428-443. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.2011689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijiang Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
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5
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Takano Y, Tatewaki Y, Mutoh T, Morota N, Matsudaira I, Thyreau B, Nagasaka T, Odagiri H, Yamamoto S, Arai H, Taki Y. Voxel-Based Morphometry Reveals a Correlation Between Bone Mineral Density Loss and Reduced Cortical Gray Matter Volume in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:178. [PMID: 32625080 PMCID: PMC7311782 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with poorer cognitive function and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, objective evidence for the relationship between osteoporosis and AD in humans has not been extensively described. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between BMD and the cortical volumes of brain regions vulnerable to AD; hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and angular gyrus, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), to investigate the association between bone loss and AD. Methods: A cohort of 149 consecutive elderly participants who complained of memory disturbance underwent high-resolution structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We used SPM12 software to conduct a voxel-based multiple regression analysis to examine the association between femoral neck BMD values and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) on structural T1-weighted MRI. Results: After adjusting for subject age, gender, total brain volume (TBV), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, the multiple regression analysis showed significant correlations between BMD loss and rGMV decline in the left precuneus, which is an important neural network hub vulnerable to AD. Conclusion: These data suggest that the bone and brain communicate with each other, as in "bone-brain crosstalk," and that control of BMD factors could contribute to cognitive function and help prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Morota
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsudaira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Smart-Aging International Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagasaka
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Odagiri
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Smart-Aging International Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Suryadevara V, Klüppel M, Monte FD, Willis MS. The Unraveling: Cardiac and Musculoskeletal Defects and Their Role in Common Alzheimer Disease Morbidity and Mortality. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1609-1621. [PMID: 32407731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by deterioration of cognitive capabilities with an estimated 44 million individuals worldwide living with it. Beyond memory deficits, the most common AD co-morbidities include swallowing defects (muscle), fractures (bone, muscle), and heart failure. The underlying causes of these co-morbidities and their role in AD pathophysiology are currently unknown. This review is the first to summarize the emerging picture of the cardiac and musculoskeletal deficits in human AD. We present the involvement of the heart, characterized by diastolic heart failure, the presence of amyloid deposits, and electrophysiological changes, compared with age-matched control subjects. The characteristic musculoskeletal defects in AD come from recent clinical studies and include potential underlying mechanisms (bone) in animal models. These studies detail a primary muscle weakness (without a loss of muscle mass) in patients with mild cognitive impairment, with progression of cognitive impairment to AD associating with ongoing muscle weakness and the onset of muscle atrophy. We conclude by reviewing the loss of bone density in patients with AD, paralleling the increase in fracture and fall risk in specific populations. These studies paint AD as a systemic disease in broad strokes, which may help elucidate AD pathophysiology and to allow for new ways of thinking about therapeutic interventions, diagnostic biomarkers, and the pathogenesis of this multidisciplinary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyani Suryadevara
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael Klüppel
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Monte S Willis
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Section of Cardiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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