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Mu H, Ye L, Wang B. Detailed resume of S-methyltransferases: Categories, structures, biological functions and research advancements in related pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116361. [PMID: 38876259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Methylation is a vital chemical reaction in the metabolism of many drugs, neurotransmitters, hormones, and exogenous compounds. Among them, S-methylation plays a significant role in the biotransformation of sulfur-containing compounds, particularly chemicals with sulfhydryl groups. Currently, only three S-methyltransferases have been reported: thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), thiol methyltransferase (TMT), and thioether methyltransferase (TEMT). These enzymes are involved in various biological processes such as gene regulation, signal transduction, protein repair, tumor progression, and biosynthesis and degradation reactions in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Furthermore, they play pivotal roles in the metabolic pathways of essential drugs and contribute to the advancement of diseases such as tumors. This paper reviews the research progress on relevant structural features, metabolic mechanisms, inhibitor development, and influencing factors (gene polymorphism, S-adenosylmethionine level, race, sex, age, and disease) of S-methyltransferases. We hope that a better comprehension of S-methyltransferases will help to provide a reference for the development of novel strategies for related disorders and improve long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Mu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lisha Ye
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Baolian Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Shi K, Sa R, Dou L, Wu Y, Dong Z, Fu X, Yu H. METTL3 exerts synergistic effects on m6A methylation and histone modification to regulate the function of VGF in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:153. [PMID: 37742030 PMCID: PMC10517543 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. Understanding the interplay between different epigenetic modifications and its contribution to transcriptional regulation in cancer is essential for precision medicine. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and histone modifications in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RESULTS Based on the data from public databases, including chromatin property data (ATAC-seq, DNase-seq), methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), and gene expression data (RNA-seq), a m6A-related differentially expressed gene nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) was identified between LUAD tissues and normal lung tissues. VGF was significantly highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cells, and was associated with a worse prognosis for LUAD, silencing of VGF inhibited the malignant phenotype of LUAD cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Through the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and integration of TCGA-LUAD RNA-seq and m6A methyltransferase METTL3-knockdown RNA-seq data, a significant positive correlation between METTL3 and VGF was observed. By using the MeRIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that METTL3 knockdown decreased m6A modification level of VGF coding sequences in LUAD cells, the colorimetric m6A quantification assay also showed that METTL3 knockdown significantly decreased global m6A modification level in LUAD cells. Interestingly, we found that METTL3 knockdown also reduced VGF expression by increasing H3K36me3 modification at the VGF promoter. Further research revealed that METTL3 knockdown upregulated the expression of histone methylase SETD2, the major H3K36me3 methyltransferase, by methylating the m6A site in the 3'UTR of SETD2 mRNA in LUAD cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results reveal that the expression of VGF in LUAD cells is regulated spatio-temporally by METTL3 through both transcriptional (via histone modifications) and post-transcriptional (via m6A modifications) mechanisms. The synergistic effect of these multiple epigenetic mechanisms provides new opportunities for the diagnosis and precision treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rula Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Le Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haiquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation a Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Diao MN, Zhang XJ, Zhang YF. The critical roles of m6A RNA methylation in lung cancer: from mechanism to prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:8-23. [PMID: 36997662 PMCID: PMC10307841 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, a highly malignant disease, greatly affects patients' quality of life. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common posttranscriptional modifications of various RNAs, including mRNAs and ncRNAs. Emerging studies have demonstrated that m6A participates in normal physiological processes and that its dysregulation is involved in many diseases, especially pulmonary tumorigenesis and progression. Among these, regulators including m6A writers, readers and erasers mediate m6A modification of lung cancer-related molecular RNAs to regulate their expression. Furthermore, the imbalance of this regulatory effect adversely affects signalling pathways related to lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and other biological behaviours. Based on the close association between m6A and lung cancer, various prognostic risk models have been established and novel drugs have been developed. Overall, this review comprehensively elaborates the mechanism of m6A regulation in the development of lung cancer, suggesting its potential for clinical application in the therapy and prognostic assessment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Wu K, Chang F, Li W, Wei D, Cao S, Xie Y, Li C, Lei D. Preliminary study based on methylation and transcriptome gene sequencing of lncRNAs and immune infiltration in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1117622. [PMID: 37182154 PMCID: PMC10168126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1117622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypopharyngeal squamous cell cancer (HSCC) is one of the most malignant tumors of the head and neck. It is not easy to detect in the early stage due to its hidden location; thus, lymph node metastasis is highly likely at diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. It is believed that epigenetic modification is related to cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the role of m6A-related lncRNA in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HSCC remains unclear. Methods The whole transcriptome and methylation sequencing of 5 pairs of HSCC tissues and adjacent tissues were performed to identify the methylation and transcriptome profiles of lncRNAs. The biological significance of lncRNAs differentially expressing the m6A peak was analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. By constructing an m6A lncRNA-microRNA network, the mechanism of m6A lncRNAs in HSCC was analyzed. The relative expression levels of selected lncRNAs were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the relative proportion of immune cell infiltration in HSCC and paracancerous tissues. Results Based on an in-depth analysis of the sequencing results, 14413 differentially expressed lncRNAs were revealed, including 7329 up-regulated and 7084 down-regulated lncRNAs. Additionally, 4542 up-methylated and 2253 down-methylated lncRNAs were detected. We demonstrated methylation patterns and gene expression profiles of lncRNAs of HSCC transcriptome. In the intersection analysis of lncRNAs and methylated lncRNAs, 51 lncRNAs with up-regulated transcriptome and methylation and 40 lncRNAs with down-regulated transcriptome and methylation were screened, and significantly differentiated lncRNAs were further studied. In the immune cell infiltration analysis, B cell memory was significantly elevated in cancer tissue, while γδT cell amount was significantly decreased. Conclusion m6A modification of lncRNAs might be involved in HSCC pathogenesis. Infiltration of immune cells in HSCC might provide a new direction for its treatment. This study provides new insights for exploring the possible HSCC pathogenesis and searching for new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fen Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dapeng Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Huang H, Pan R, Wang S, Guan Y, Zhao Y, Liu X. Current and potential roles of RNA modification-mediated autophagy dysregulation in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109542. [PMID: 36758911 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular lysosomal degradation and survival pathway, supports nutrient recycling and adaptation to metabolic stress and participates in various stages of tumor development, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, and malignant state maintenance. Among the various factors contributing to the dysregulation of autophagy in cancer, RNA modification can regulate autophagy by directly affecting the expression of core autophagy proteins. We propose that autophagy disorder mediated by RNA modification is an important mechanism for cancer development. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the role of RNA modification-mediated autophagy regulation in tumorigenesis. We summarize the molecular basis of autophagy and the core proteins and complexes at different stages of autophagy, especially those involved in cancer development. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk of RNA modification and autophagy and review the recent advances and potential role of the RNA modification/autophagy axis in the development of multiple cancers. Furthermore, the dual role of the RNA modification/autophagy axis in cancer drug resistance is discussed. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the molecular crosstalk of RNA modifications with autophagy will provide important insights into tumor pathophysiology and provide more options for cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ruining Pan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Xiao XY, Guo Q, Tong S, Wu CY, Chen JL, Ding Y, Wan JH, Chen SS, Wang SH. TRAT1 overexpression delays cancer progression and is associated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960866. [PMID: 36276113 PMCID: PMC9582843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles and mechanisms of T-cell receptor (TCR)-associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (TRAT1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) have not yet been reported in the relevant literature. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the roles and mechanisms of TRAT1 in LAC using bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. TRAT1 expression levels in LAC samples were analysed using various databases. TRAT1 co-expressed genes were acquired by the correlation analysis of LAC tissues. The functional mechanisms and protein network of TRAT1 co-expressed genes were analysed using bioinformatics analysis. The expression of TRAT1 was activated in LAC cells, and the roles of TRAT1 overexpression in the growth and migration of cancer cells was investigated using flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and migration and invasion assays. The relationship between TRAT1 overexpression, the immune microenvironment, and RNA modification was evaluated using correlation analysis. TRAT1 expression levels were significantly abnormal at multiple mutation sites and were related to the prognosis of LAC. TRAT1 co-expressed genes were involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation, and TRAT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells, which might be related to the TCR, B cell receptor (BCR), MAPK, and other pathways. TRAT1 expression levels were significantly correlated with the ESTIMATE, immune, and stromal scores in the LAC microenvironment. Additionally, TRAT1 expression levels were significantly correlated with the populations of B cells, CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, and other immune cells. TRAT1 overexpression was significantly correlated with the expression of immune cell markers (such as PDCD1, CD2, CD3E) and genes involved in RNA modification (such as ALKBH1, ALKBH3, ALKBH5). In conclusions, TRAT1 overexpression inhibited the growth and migration of LAC cells, thereby delaying cancer progression, and was correlated with the LAC microenvironment and RNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang-Yan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Hao Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Si-Hua Wang, ; Shan-Shan Chen,
| | - Si-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Si-Hua Wang, ; Shan-Shan Chen,
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