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Lokesh J, Siriyappagouder P, Fernandes JMO. Unravelling the temporal and spatial variation of fungal phylotypes from embryo to adult stages in Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:981. [PMID: 38200059 PMCID: PMC10781754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early microbial colonization has a profound impact on host physiology during different stages of ontogeny. Although several studies have focused on early bacterial colonization and succession, the composition and role of fungal communities are poorly known in fish. Here, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of fungi to profile the mycobiome associated with the eggs, hatchlings and intestine of Atlantic salmon at various freshwater and marine stages. In most of the stages studied, fungal diversity was lower than bacterial diversity. There were several stage-specific fungal phylotypes belonging to different stages of ontogeny but some groups, such as Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alternaria metachromatica, Davidiella tassiana and Humicola nigrescens, persisted during successive stages of ontogeny. We observed significant changes in the intestinal fungal communities during the first feeding. Prior to first feeding, Humicola nigrescens dominated, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 weeks post hatch) and Candida tropicalis (12 weeks post hatch) became dominant subsequently. Seawater transfer resulted in a decrease in alpha diversity and an increase in Candida tropicalis abundance. We also observed notable variations in beta diversity and composition between the different farms. Overall, the present study sheds light on the fungal communities of Atlantic salmon from early ontogeny to adulthood. These novel findings will also be useful in future studies investigating host-microbiota interactions in the context of developing better nutritional and health management strategies for Atlantic salmon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
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Taha MD, Didinen BI, Emek Onuk E, Metin S, Yilmaz S, Mohamed AA, Pakır S, Gülşen O, Abdel-Latif HMR. Identification of four autochthonous yeasts from the intestines of goldfish, Carassius auratus with potential probiotic properties and their effects on the most common fish bacterial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106381. [PMID: 37806502 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, probiotic yeasts have gained particular interest because of their numerous health benefits for farmed fish. Many autochthonous yeasts have been isolated and identified from fish species with potential probiotic characteristics. In the present study, four autochthonous yeast strains were identified and characterized from the intestinal tracts of 16 healthy goldfish, Carassius auratus. Their in vitro probiotic properties were examined in terms of cell surface hydrophobicity, co-aggregation, and tolerability to different pH values and bile salt concentrations. These strains were identified by culture characters and sequence analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene regions. Four strains, namely Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii isolate jpn01, Debaryomyces nepalensis isolate jpn02, Blastobotrys proliferans isolate jpn05, and Diutina catenulata isolate jpn06, were identified and added to the NCBI GenBank with accession numbers defined as MT584874.1, MT584873.1, MT649918.1, and MT501155.1, respectively. Results demonstrated the capability of these strains to co-aggregate with several fish-associated bacterial pathogens such as Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Vibrio anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Only the jpn05 strain did not co-aggregate with A. hydrophila. All identified yeast isolates could grow and tolerate low pH conditions (pH 2.0) and bile salt concentrations (up to 1.5%). Of interest, the hydrophobicity (%) of the yeast isolates was 80%, 94.0%, 80.6%, and 66.4% for jpn01, jpn02, jpn05, and jpn06 isolates, respectively. In this context, our data provide important in vitro evidence for the potential probiotic features of the yeast isolates. These strains could be considered candidate probiotic yeasts; however, their application in aquaculture nutrition necessitates further in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Dheyaa Taha
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Behire Işıl Didinen
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ertan Emek Onuk
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey
| | - Seçil Metin
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sevdan Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey.
| | - Abdiasis Ahmed Mohamed
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sırrı Pakır
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozan Gülşen
- Egirdir Fisheries Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
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Reinoso S, Gutiérrez MS, Reyes-Jara A, Toro M, García K, Reyes G, Argüello-Guevara W, Bohórquez-Cruz M, Sonnenholzner S, Navarrete P. Feed Regime Slightly Modifies the Bacterial but Not the Fungal Communities in the Intestinal Mucosal Microbiota of Cobia Fish ( Rachycentron canadum). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2315. [PMID: 37764158 PMCID: PMC10535204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial community of the intestinal microbiota influences many host functions, and similar effects have been recently reported for the fungal community (mycobiota). Cobia is a tropical fish that has been studied for its potential in marine aquaculture. However, the study of its bacterial community has been underreported and the mycobiota has not been investigated. We analyzed the gut bacterial and fungal profile present in the intestinal mucosa of reared adult cobias fed two diets (frozen fish pieces (FFPs) and formulated feed (FF)) for 4 months by sequencing the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) and internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) regions using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. No significant differences in the alpha diversity of the bacterial community were observed, which was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (~96%) and Firmicutes (~1%). Cobia fed FF showed higher abundance of 10 genera, mainly UCG-002 (Family Oscillospiraceae) and Faecalibacterium, compared to cobia fed FFPs, which showed higher abundance of 7 genera, mainly Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Cutibacterium. The inferred bacterial functions were related to metabolism, environmental information processing and cellular processes; and no differences were found between diets. In mycobiota, no differences were observed in the diversity and composition of cobia fed the two diets. The mycobiota was dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (~88%) and Basidiomycota (~11%). This is the first study to describe the gut bacterial and fungal communities in cobia reared under captive conditions and fed on different diets and to identify the genus Ascobulus as a new member of the core fish mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Reinoso
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - María Soledad Gutiérrez
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Millenium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20910, USA
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Reyes
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - Wilfrido Argüello-Guevara
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador
| | - Milton Bohórquez-Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislaus Sonnenholzner
- Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador; (G.R.); (W.A.-G.); (M.B.-C.); (S.S.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Avenida El Libano 5524, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (M.S.G.); (A.R.-J.); (M.T.)
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4
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Sanahuja I, Fernandez-Alacid L, Torrecillas S, Ruiz A, Vallejos-Vidal E, Firmino JP, Reyes-Lopez FE, Tort L, Tovar-Ramirez D, Ibarz A, Gisbert E. Dietary Debaryomyces hansenii promotes skin and skin mucus defensive capacities in a marine fish model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247199. [PMID: 37711618 PMCID: PMC10499179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of Debaryomyces hansenii (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in Sparus aurata. This study includes the evaluation of fish performance coupled with a holistic study of the skin mucosa: i) a transcriptomic study of the skin tissue, and ii) the evaluation of its secreted mucus both in terms of skin mucosal-associated biomarkers and its defensive capacity by means of co-culture analysis with two pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that after 70 days of diet administration, fish fed the diet supplemented with D. hansenii at 1.1% presented increased somatic growth and a better feed conversion ratio, compared to fish fed the control diet. In contrast, fish fed the diet including 2.2% of the probiotic presented intermediate values. Regarding gene regulation, the probiotic administration at 1.1% resulted in 712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 53.4% and 46.6% were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In particular, D. hansenii modulated some skin biological processes related to immunity and metabolism. Specifically, D. hansenii administration induced a strong modulation of some immune biological-related processes (61 DEGs), mainly involved in B- and T-cell regulatory pathways. Furthermore, dietary D. hansenii promoted the skin barrier function by the upregulation of anchoring junction genes (23 DEGs), which reinforces the physical defense against potential skin damage. In contrast, the skin showed modulated genes related to extracellular exosome and membrane organization (50 DEGs). This modulated functioning is of great interest, particularly in relation to the increased skin mucus defensive capacity observed in the bacterial co-culture in vitro trials, which could be related to the increased modulation and exudation of the innate immune components from the skin cells into the mucus. In summary, the modulation of innate immune parameters coupled with increased skin barrier function and cell trafficking potentiates the skin's physical barrier and mucus defensive capacity, while maintaining the skin mucosa's homeostatic immune and metabolic status. These findings confirmed the advantages of D. hansenii supplementation in low fish meal-based diets, demonstrating the probiotic benefits on cultured marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Laura Fernandez-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joana P. Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, Spain
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5
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Sanahuja I, Ruiz A, Firmino JP, Reyes-López FE, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Vallejos-Vidal E, Tort L, Tovar-Ramírez D, Cerezo IM, Moriñigo MA, Sarasquete C, Gisbert E. Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth, modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 37422657 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance, makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth, health, and well-being of farmed animals. Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i) promote cell proliferation and differentiation, ii) have immunostimulatory effects, iii) modulate gut microbiota, and/or iv) enhance the digestive function. To provide inside into the effects of D. hansenii on juveniles of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) condition, we integrated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition, through histological and microbiota state, and its transcriptomic profiling. RESULTS After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal (7%) was supplemented with 1.1% of D. hansenii (17.2 × 105 CFU), an increase of ca. 12% in somatic growth was observed together with an improvement in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented diet. In terms of intestinal condition, this probiotic modulated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization, whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet cells. Changes in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria, especially those characterized as opportunistic groups. The microarrays-based transcriptomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of S. aurata, that were mostly related to metabolic, antioxidant, immune, and symbiotic processes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary administration of D. hansenii enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency parameters, results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools indicated. This probiotic yeast stimulated host-microbiota interactions without altering the intestinal cell organization nor generating dysbiosis, which demonstrated its safety as a feed additive. At the transcriptomic level, D. hansenii promoted metabolic pathways, mainly protein-related, sphingolipid, and thymidylate pathways, in addition to enhance antioxidant-related intestinal mechanisms, and to regulate sentinel immune processes, potentiating the defensive capacity meanwhile maintaining the homeostatic status of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Sanahuja
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Joana P Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui nº 2, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel M Cerezo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnología Y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
- SCBI, Bioinformatic Unit, University of Malaga, 29590, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Biotecnología Y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui nº 2, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), La Ràpita, 43540, Spain.
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Selection of Autochthonous Yeasts Isolated from the Intestinal Tracts of Cobia Fish ( Rachycentron canadum) with Probiotic Potential. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020274. [PMID: 36836388 PMCID: PMC9966584 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some yeast strains have been proposed as probiotics to improve the health of cultured fish. Cobia is a tropical benthopelagic fish species with potential for marine aquaculture; however, one of the main limitations to its large-scale production is the high mortality of fish larvae. In this study, we evaluated the probiotic potential of autochthonous yeasts from the intestines of cobia. Thirty-nine yeast isolates were recovered from the intestinal mucosa of 37 adult healthy cobia by culture methods. Yeasts were identified by sequencing of the ITS and D1/D2 regions of the 28S rRNA gene and typed by RAPD-PCR using the M13 primer. Yeast strains with unique RAPD patterns were characterized in terms of their cell biomass production ability; anti-Vibrio, enzymatic, and hemolytic activity; biofilm production; hydrophobicity; autoaggregation; polyamine production; safety; and protection of cobia larvae against saline stress. Candida haemuloni C27 and Debaryomyces hansenii C10 and C28 were selected as potential probiotics. They did not affect the survival of larvae and showed biomass production >1 g L-1, hydrophobicity >41.47%, hemolytic activity γ, and activity in more than 8 hydrolytic enzymes. The results suggest that the selected yeast strains could be considered as potential probiotic candidates and should be evaluated in cobia larvae.
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Molecular Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Novel Marine Yeast Strains with Potential Application in Industrial Biotechnology. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based agriculture is an emerging and attractive alternative to produce various food ingredients. In this study, five strains of marine yeast were isolated, molecularly identified and biochemically characterized. Molecular identification was realized by sequencing the DNA ITS1 and D1/D2 region, and sequences were registered in GenBank as Yarrowia lipolytica YlTun15, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RmTun15, Candida tenuis CtTun15, Debaryomyces hansenii DhTun2015 and Trichosporon asahii TaTun15. Yeasts showed protein content varying from 26% (YlTun15) to 40% (CtTun15 and DhTun2015), and essential amino acids ranging from 38.1 to 64.4% of the total AAs (CtTun15-YlTun15, respectively). Lipid content varied from 11.15 to 37.57% with substantial amount of PUFA (>12% in RmTun15). All species had low levels of Na (<0.15 mg/100 g) but are a good source of Ca and K. Yeast cytotoxic effect was investigated against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293); results showed improved cell viability with all added strains, indicating safety of the strains used. Based on thorough literature investigation and yeast composition, the five identified strains could be classified not only as oleaginous yeasts but also as single cell protein (SCP) (DhTun2015 and CtTun15) and single cell oil (SCO) (RmTun15, YlTun15 and TaTun15) producers; and therefore, they represent a source of alternative ingredients for food, feed and other sectors.
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Yang S, Zhang C, Xu W, Li D, Feng Y, Wu J, Luo W, Du X, Du Z, Huang X. Heat Stress Decreases Intestinal Physiological Function and Facilitates the Proliferation of Harmful Intestinal Microbiota in Sturgeons. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:755369. [PMID: 35356512 PMCID: PMC8959899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.755369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat is a common source of stress in aquatic environments and can alter the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals, especially their intestinal function. Here, the effects of heat stress on the structure and function of the intestine and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota were studied in sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂ hybrid F1). Sturgeons were exposed to sub-extreme (24°C) and extreme (28°C) high water temperatures for 12 days. The heat stress caused systemic damage to the intestine of sturgeons, which displayed severe enteritis in the valve intestine. The microbial diversity analysis showed that heat stress led to the disorder in intestinal microbiota, manifesting as an explosive increase in the abundance of thermophilic intestinal pathogens such as Plesiomonas, Cetobacterium, and Aeromonas and causing physiological dysfunction in the sturgeons. The disorder was followed by significant inhibition of intestinal digestion with reduced chymotrypsin, α-amylase, and lipase activities in the valve intestine and of antioxidant function with reduced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Simultaneously, heat stress reduced the thermal tolerance of sturgeons by reducing Grp75 expression and damaged the valve intestine’s repair ability with increased Tgf-β expression. The results confirmed that heat stress damaged the sturgeon intestines obviously and disturbed the intestinal microbiota, resulting in serious physiological dysfunction. The present study investigated the mechanism of the effect of heat stress on the sturgeon intestine and will help develop strategies to improve the resistance to thermal stress for wild and cultured sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Datian Li
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Basic Veterinary Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ, Angulo C. Yarrowia lipolytica, health benefits for animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7577-7592. [PMID: 34536101 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been industrially adopted for docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid production under good manufacturing practices over 2 decades. In recent years, it has claimed attention for novel biotechnological applications, such as a functional feed additive for animals. Studies have demonstrated that this yeast is safe and has probiotic and nutritional properties for mammals, birds, fish, crustaceans, and molluscs. Animals fed Y. lipolytica enhanced productive and immune parameters, as well as modulated microbiome, fatty acid composition, and biochemical profiles. Additionally, some Y. lipolytica-derived compounds have improved productive performance, immune status, and disease resistance in animals. Therefore, the aim of this review is to identify and discuss research advances on the potential use of this yeast for animals of economic interest. Challenges, opportunities, and trends were identified and envisioned in the near future for this industrially produced yeast. KEY POINTS: • Yarrowia lipolytica has probiotic and nutritional effects in animals. • Lipase2, EPA, and β-glucan from Y. lipolytica have health benefits for animals. • Y. lipolytica is envisioned in terrestrial and aquatic animal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. C.P., 23096, México.
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10
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Ge Y, Huang K, Xie W, Xu C, Yao Q, Liu Y. Effects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa on the Immune Function and Gut Microbiota of Mice. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:705696. [PMID: 37744147 PMCID: PMC10512290 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.705696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As a dominant species among marine yeasts, Rhodotorula benthica accounts for ~50% of all marine yeasts. Rhodotorula is rich in a variety of bioactive substances and commonly used in the production of carotenoids by microbial fermentation and is worth developing. Therefore, the present study used a strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the coastal waters of the South China Sea as the target yeast to investigate its impact on the immune function and gut microbiota of mice. A total of 200 mice were randomly divided into gavage groups and control group and garaged for 30 consecutive days at different concentration. Samples were collected on day 15 and day 30 of gavage administration. The results showed that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 could increase the thymus and spleen indices of mice, and its effect on the thymus index was more significant after long-term gavage administration. Short-term (15 days) gavage administration of R. mucilaginosa suspension enhanced delayed hypersensitivity in mice, increased serum IgG, IgA, and IL-2. Long-term (30 days) gavage administration of R. mucilaginosa suspension significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages in mice and significantly increased serum TNF-α and INF-γ. R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 altered the structure of the gut microbiota of mice at the phylum and genus levels, leading to an increased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. This strain increased the beneficial intestinal bacteria and reduced the harmful intestinal bacteria in mice. This study provides experimental evidence and lays the foundation for the future development and application of this strain as a microecological source of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ge
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaisen Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weitian Xie
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunhou Xu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qiucheng Yao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Coutinho JOPA, Quintanilha MF, Campos MRA, Ferreira E, de Menezes GCA, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Nicoli JR, Tiago FCP, Martins FS. Antarctic Strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 Attenuates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:486-500. [PMID: 34255281 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most strenuous side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), during the treatment of several types of cancers. The disease is so prevalent and aggressive that many patients cannot resist such symptoms. However, despite its frequency and clinical significance, there is no effective treatment to prevent or treat mucositis. Thus, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant for the treatment has gained prominence. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral administration of the Antarctic strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 as an alternative to minimize side effects of 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. Body weight, food consumption, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces were assessed daily in mice orally treated or not with the yeast and submitted or not to experimental mucositis. Blood, bones, and intestinal tissues and fluid were used to determine intestinal permeability and immunological, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 was able to decrease clinical signs of the disease, such as reduction of food intake and body weight loss, and also decreased the number of intestinal enterobacteria and intestinal length shortening. Additionally, treatment was able to decrease the levels of MPO and EPO activities and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the histopathological lesions characteristic of mucositis in the jejunum and ileum. Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O P A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graciéle C A de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Tiago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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12
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Cultivable Yeast Microbiota from the Marine Fish Species Genypterus chilensis and Seriolella violacea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070515. [PMID: 34203130 PMCID: PMC8305048 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its outstanding biological and industrial importance, many efforts have been made to characterize the mycobiota of new environments and their biochemical and biotechnological potentials. Gut mycobiota can be a source of novel yeasts with the potential to be used as probiotics or have industrial applications. In this work, we characterized two as-yet unexplored yeast communities from the intestinal content of the cultured marine Chilean fishes Genypterus chilensis (G. chilensis) and Seriolella violacea (S. violacea). Yeasts were isolated through culture, identified by sequencing their ITS region, and characterized their enzymatic profile with API®ZYM. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was identified in both fish species. For the first time, Candida palmioleophila, Candida pseudorugosa, Cystobasidium slooffiae, and a member of the Yamadazyma genus were also identified and described as part of the normal fish gut–microbiota. Furthermore, the diverse enzymatic profile exhibited by some of these isolates suggests that it may be possible to develop novel applications for them, such as new probiotics and other biotechnological applications.
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13
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Vargas O, Gutiérrez MS, Caruffo M, Valderrama B, Medina DA, García K, Reyes-Jara A, Toro M, Feijóo CG, Navarrete P. Probiotic Yeasts and Vibrio anguillarum Infection Modify the Microbiome of Zebrafish Larvae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647977. [PMID: 34248866 PMCID: PMC8260990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The host microbiome plays an essential role in health and disease. Microbiome modification by pathogens or probiotics has been poorly explored especially in the case of probiotic yeasts. Next-generation sequencing currently provides the best tools for their characterization. Debaryomyces hansenii 97 (D. hansenii 97) and Yarrowia lipolytica 242 (Y. lipolytica 242) are yeasts that protect wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae against a Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) infection, increasing their survival rate. We investigate the effect of these microorganisms on the microbiome and neutrophil response (inflammation) in zebrafish larvae line Tg(Bacmpx:GFP)i114. We postulated that preinoculation of larvae with yeasts would attenuate the intestinal neutrophil response and prevent modification of the larval microbiome induced by the pathogen. Microbiome study was performed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and prediction of metabolic pathways by Piphillin in conventionally raised larvae. Survival and the neutrophil response were both evaluated in conventional and germ-free conditions. V. anguillarum infection resulted in higher neutrophil number in the intestinal area compared to non-infected larvae in both conditions. In germ-free conditions, infected larvae pre-inoculated with yeasts showed fewer neutrophil numbers than infected larvae. In both conditions, only D. hansenii 97 increased the survival of infected larvae. Beta diversity of the microbiota was modified by V. anguillarum and both yeasts, compared to non-inoculated larvae. At 3 days post-infection, V. anguillarum modified the relative abundance of 10 genera, and pre-inoculation with D. hansenii 97 and Y. lipolytica 242 prevented the modification of 5 and 6 of these genera, respectively. Both yeasts prevent the increase of Ensifer and Vogesella identified as negative predictors for larval survival (accounting for 40 and 27 of the variance, respectively). In addition, yeast pre-inoculation prevents changes in some metabolic pathways altered by V. anguillarum’s infection. These results suggest that both yeasts and V. anguillarum can shape the larval microbiota configuration in the early developmental stage of D. rerio. Moreover, modulation of key taxa or metabolic pathways of the larval microbiome by yeasts can be associated with the survival of infected larvae. This study contributes to the understanding of yeast–pathogen–microbiome interactions, although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Vargas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratorio Inmunologia en Peces, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Valderrama
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Medina
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G Feijóo
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio Inmunologia en Peces, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Kondori N, Nowrouzian F, Ajdari M, Hesselmar B, Saalman R, Wold AE, Adlerberth I. Candida species as commensal gut colonizers: A study of 133 longitudinally followed Swedish infants. Med Mycol 2021; 58:485-492. [PMID: 31504817 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbor a wide range of bacterial species, but also yeasts may be part of this ecosystem. Infants who are being treated in intensive care units are often colonized by Candida species. However, little is known regarding commensal yeast colonization of healthy infants and young children. Here the acquisition of yeast species was studied in a birth-cohort including 133 healthy Swedish infants. A rectal swab sample was obtained on day 3 of life, and fresh fecal samples were obtained at regular intervals up to 3 years of age; the samples were cultured quantitatively for yeasts. Colonization with yeasts increased rapidly in the first months of life, with 73/133 infants (55%) colonized at 6 months of age. The yeast numbers in positive samples decreased from an average of 105 cfu/g in infants aged 0-2 months to 103.5 cfu/g at 3 years of age. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species and reached higher population counts than the other species in culture-positive infants. The yeast colonization rate did not differ between infants who were delivered vaginally and those birthed via Caesarean section, whereas breastfed infants showed a lower colonization rate (p < 0.05 for 1 year of age compared to the other infants). The results demonstrate that yeasts, particularly C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (sensu lato), are common commensals in the gut microbiota of healthy infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Kondori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Forough Nowrouzian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marjan Ajdari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Saalman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Takashima M, Kurakado S, Cho O, Kikuchi K, Sugiyama J, Sugita T. Description of four Apiotrichum and two Cutaneotrichosporon species isolated from guano samples from bat-inhabited caves in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4458-4469. [PMID: 32674752 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new yeast species belonging to the genus Apiotrichum and two new yeast species belonging to Cutaneotrichosporon are described for strains isolated from guano samples from bat-inhabited caves in Japan. In 2005, we reported these isolates as Trichosporon species based on sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes according to available basidiomycetous yeast classification criteria; however, to date, they have not been officially published as new species with descriptions. Their phylogenetic positions have been reanalysed based on comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences (including the 5.8S rRNA gene) and the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene with those of known species; we confirmed clear separation from previously described species. Physiological and biochemical properties of the isolates also suggest their distinctiveness. Therefore, we describe Apiotrichum akiyoshidainum (holotype JCM 12595T), Apiotrichum chiropterorum (JCM 12594T), Apiotrichum coprophilum (JCM 12596T), Apiotrichum otae (JCM 12593T), Cutaneotrichosporon cavernicola (JCM 12590T) and Cutaneotrichosporon middelhovenii (JCM 12592T) as new species. C. cavernicola showed particularly distinctive morphology including large inflated anomalous cells on the hyphae and germination from the cells, although clear clamp connections on the hyphae were not confirmed. Further study is needed to elucidate the morph of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Takashima
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Sanae Kurakado
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Otomi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junta Sugiyama
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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16
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast Rhodotorula sp. Strain CCFEE 5036, Isolated from McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/14/e00020-20. [PMID: 32241854 PMCID: PMC7118180 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00020-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A draft genome sequence was assembled and annotated of the basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain CCFEE 5036, isolated from Antarctic soil communities. The genome assembly is 19.07 megabases and encodes 6,434 protein-coding genes. The sequence will contribute to understanding the diversity of fungi inhabiting polar regions. A draft genome sequence was assembled and annotated of the basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain CCFEE 5036, isolated from Antarctic soil communities. The genome assembly is 19.07 megabases and encodes 6,434 protein-coding genes. The sequence will contribute to understanding the diversity of fungi inhabiting polar regions.
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17
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Brysch-Herzberg M, Wohlmann E, Fischer R. Zygosaccharomyces seidelii sp. nov. a new yeast species from the Maldives, and a revisit of the single-strain species debate. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:427-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Chen XQ, Zhao W, Xie SW, Xie JJ, Zhang ZH, Tian LX, Liu YJ, Niu J. Effects of dietary hydrolyzed yeast (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity and histomorphology of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:30-39. [PMID: 31004799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast (HY) (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) on growth performance, hematological parameters, immune response and antioxidant ability of juvenile Nile tilapia. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (32% protein and 4% lipid) with different levels (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) of HY were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of fish (initial body weight 19.1 ± 0.01 g). Results indicated that significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) and lower feed conversion rate (FCR) were obtained in fish fed 1% HY diet than that of fish fed 0% HY diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed 0.25% HY diet showed the lowest value of hepatopancreas somatic indices (HSI) and significantly lower than that of fish fed 0% HY diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, protein and ash in the whole-body content of fish fed 1% HY diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed 0%-0.5% HY diets. Serum immunological parameters showed that the lysozyme (LZM) activity and Complement C3 content were significantly increased by dietary supplementation of 0.5%-1% HY (P < 0.05). However, dietary supplementation with 0.125%-1% HY significantly decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P < 0.05). Antioxidant status in serum and liver was significantly enhanced by dietary supplementation of 0.25%-1% HY through the remarkably improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity both in serum and liver, the raised total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) of serum as well as the notably reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver (P < 0.05). However, T-AOC in the liver was not significantly influenced among all diet treatments (P > 0.05). Villi height and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEFs) of mid-intestine were significantly higher in fish fed 0.5%-1% HY diets (P < 0.05). The challenge test demonstrated the enhanced protection against Streptococcus iniae strain by the obtained higher cumulative survival rate. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1% HY could maintain the better growth performance, nutrient composition as well as immune response and antioxidant capacity for juvenile Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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19
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Yang S, Du J, Duan YL, Xiao Q, Li NQ, Lin Q, Zhao LL, Du ZJ, Zhou J, Du J. Differences in the digestive enzyme activity, intestinal mucosa and microbial community in loach cultivated in two separate environments. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:113. [PMID: 30200876 PMCID: PMC6131900 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish culture in rice paddies can contribute to increasing yields of rice and surplus fish products. Environmental impacts and food-safety issues have become important topics in aquaculture, and organic foods currently were paid attention by researchers and industry practitioners. But the mechanism of differences in quality of Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) reared in rice fields and ponds remains largely uncharacterized. In this study,digestive enzyme activity, intestinal mucosa cells and the gut microbial community of loach were determined under the two separate cultivation modes. RESULTS The levels of intestinal digestive enzyme activity of fish reared in the paddy-cultivated mode (PACM) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the pond-cultivated mode (POCM). It was extremely significant (P < 0.01) for the activity of lipase in the liver, foregut and midgut, and for the activities of amylase and trypsin in the hindgut. Acid mucous cells in the loach foregut in PACM were fewer than in POCM (P < 0.01). In summer, the abundance of the Firmicutes, Lactobacillus spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. in loach intestinal mucosa in PACM was higher than in POCM. In fall, the abundance of total bacteria, the Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal mucosa in PACM was likewise higher than in POCM. These differences were significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) between loach in the two separate culture modes for all microorganisms except for A. hydrophila and Streptococcus spp. In addition, quantitative PCR assays showed that some microorganisms presented consistently similar abundances in the gut as in the culture water. CONCLUSIONS These results showed some enzymatic activities involved in digestion in liver and intestine of loach in PACM were higher than those in POCM, as using digestive enzyme analysis and histological observation of intestinal sections. These findings suggest most of the microorganisms examined in the gut mucosa of loach in the two culture modes significantly differed in abundance between summer and fall. However, some pathogenic bacteria in the gut, particularly A. hydrophila, presented lower abundance in PACM in fall, yet did not differ in abundance between loach in the two cultivation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yuan-liang Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qing Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ning-qiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380 China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380 China
| | - Liu-lan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zong-jun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan, Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Jun Du
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan, Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
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20
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Wang Y, Shi T, Huang G, Gong J. Molecular Detection of Eukaryotic Diets and Gut Mycobiomes in Two Marine Sediment-Dwelling Worms, Sipunculus nudus and Urechis unicinctus. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:290-300. [PMID: 30146540 PMCID: PMC6167119 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the eukaryotic diets of two economically important marine sediment-inhabiting worms, Sipunculus nudus (peanut worm) and Urechis unicinctus (spoon worm), using clone libraries and phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA genes. Fungal rDNA was also targeted and analyzed to reveal mycobiomes. Overall, we detected a wide range of eukaryotic phylotypes associated with the larvae of S. nudus and in the gut contents of both worms. These phylotypes included ciliates, diatoms, dinoflagellates, eustigmatophytes, placidids, oomycetes, fungi, nematodes, flatworms, seaweeds, and higher plants. Oomycetes were associated with the planktonic larvae of S. nudus. The composition of eukaryotic diets shifted greatly across the larval, juvenile, and adult stages of S. nudus, and among different gut sections in U. unicinctus, reflecting lifestyle changes during the ontogeny of the peanut worm and progressive digestion in the spoon worm. Malassezia-like fungi were prevalent in mycobiomes. Epicoccum and Trichosporon-related phylotypes dominated mycobiomes associated with larval individuals and in the gut contents of adults, respectively. The gut mycobiome of S. nudus was successively characterized through the midgut, aspiratory intestines, hindgut, and rectum as having a high proportion of Climacodon-Rhizochaete, Ceriporiopsis, Cladosporium-Pseudomicrostroma, and Malassezia-related species in the libraries. These results emphasize the dynamics of diets and gut mycobiomes in marine benthic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tiantian Shi
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University
| | | | - Jun Gong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University
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21
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Siriyappagouder P, Galindo-Villegas J, Lokesh J, Mulero V, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V. Exposure to Yeast Shapes the Intestinal Bacterial Community Assembly in Zebrafish Larvae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1868. [PMID: 30154775 PMCID: PMC6103253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of the early-life gut microbiota has a large influence on host development and succession of microbial composition in later life stages. The effect of commensal yeasts - which are known to create a conducive environment for beneficial bacteria - on the structure and diversity of fish gut microbiota still remains unexplored. The present study examined the intestinal bacterial community of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to two fish-derived yeasts by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. The first stage of the experiment (until 7 days post-fertilization) was performed in cell culture flasks under sterile and conventional conditions for germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) larvae, respectively. The second phase was carried out under standard rearing conditions, for both groups. Exposure of GF and CR zebrafish larvae to one of the yeast species Debaryomyces or Pseudozyma affected the bacterial composition. Exposure to Debaryomyces resulted in a significantly higher abundance of core bacteria. The difference was mainly due to shifts in relative abundance of taxa belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. In Debaryomyces-exposed CR larvae, the significantly enriched taxa included beneficial bacteria such as Pediococcus and Lactococcus (Firmicutes). Furthermore, most diversity indices of bacterial communities in yeast-exposed CR zebrafish were significantly altered compared to the control group. Such alterations were not evident in GF zebrafish. The water bacterial community was distinct from the intestinal microbiota of zebrafish larvae. Our findings indicate that early exposure to commensal yeast could cause differential bacterial assemblage, including the establishment of potentially beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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22
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Siriyappagouder P, Kiron V, Lokesh J, Rajeish M, Kopp M, Fernandes J. The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:387. [PMID: 29559965 PMCID: PMC5845672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an integral part of the resident microbial community of fish intestinal tract, the mycobiota is expected to play important roles in health and disease resistance of the host. The composition of the diverse fungal communities, which colonize the intestine, is greatly influenced by the host, their diet and geographic origin. Studies of fungal communities are rare and the majority of previous studies have relied on culture-based methods. In particular, fungal communities in fish are also poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth overview of the intestinal mycobiota in a model fish species (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and to determine differences in fungal composition between wild and captive specimens. We have profiled the intestinal mycobiota of wild-caught (Sharavati River, India), laboratory-reared (Bodø, Norway) and wild-caught-laboratory-kept (Uttara, India) zebrafish by sequencing the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Wild fish were exposed to variable environmental factors, whereas both laboratory groups were kept in controlled conditions. There were also differences in husbandry practices at Bodø and Uttara, particularly diet. Zebrafish from Bodø were reared in the laboratory for over 10 generations, while wild-caught-laboratory-kept fish from Uttara were housed in the laboratory for only 2 months before sample collection. The intestine of zebrafish contained members of more than 15 fungal classes belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Fungal species richness and diversity distinguished the wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish communities. Wild-caught zebrafish-associated mycobiota comprised mainly Dothideomycetes in contrast to their Saccharomycetes-dominated laboratory-reared counterparts. The predominant Saccharomycetes in laboratory-reared fish belonged to the saprotrophic guild. Another characteristic feature of laboratory-reared fish was the significantly higher abundance of Cryptococcus (Tremellomycetes) compared to wild fish. This pioneer study has shed light into the differences in the intestinal fungal communities of wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish and the baseline data generated will enrich our knowledge on fish mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Moger Rajeish
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, India
| | - Martina Kopp
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jorge Fernandes
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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23
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Marden CL, McDonald R, Schreier HJ, Watts JEM. Investigation into the fungal diversity within different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of Panaque nigrolineatus, a wood-eating fish. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:749-761. [PMID: 29152603 PMCID: PMC5687512 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.4.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazonian catfish, Panaque nigrolineatus have several physiological adaptions enabling the scraping and consumption of wood (xylivory), facilitating a detritivorous dietary strategy. Composed of lignocellulose, wood is a difficult substrate to degrade and as yet, it is unclear whether the fish obtains any direct nutritional benefits from wood ingestion and degradation. However, there are numerous systems that rely on microbial symbioses to provide energy and other nutritional benefits for host organisms via lignocellulose decomposition. While previous studies on the microbial community of P. nigrolineatus have focused upon the bacterial population, the role of fungi in lignocellulose degradation in the fish has not yet been examined. This study describes the detection of fungi within the fish gastrointestinal tract. Using next generation sequencing, the effects of diet on enteric fungal populations were examined in each gastrointestinal tract region. Fungal species were found to vary in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract as a function of diet. This study is the first to examine the fungal community in a xylivorous fish and results support the hypothesis that diet influences fungal distribution and diversity within the gastrointestinal tract of P. nigrolineatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Marden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - Ryan McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harold J Schreier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy E M Watts
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
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24
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Caruffo M, Navarrete NC, Salgado OA, Faúndez NB, Gajardo MC, Feijóo CG, Reyes-Jara A, García K, Navarrete P. Protective Yeasts Control V. anguillarum Pathogenicity and Modulate the Innate Immune Response of Challenged Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Larvae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:127. [PMID: 27790411 PMCID: PMC5063852 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated mechanisms involved in the protection of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by two probiotic candidate yeasts, Debaryomyces hansenii 97 (Dh97) and Yarrowia lypolitica 242 (Yl242), against a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. We determined the effect of different yeast concentrations (104-107 CFU/mL) to: (i) protect larvae from the challenge, (ii) reduce the in vivo pathogen concentration and (iii) modulate the innate immune response of the host. To evaluate the role of zebrafish microbiota in protection, the experiments were performed in conventionally raised and germ-free larvae. In vitro co-aggregation assays were performed to determine a direct yeast-pathogen interaction. Results showed that both yeasts significantly increased the survival rate of conventionally raised larvae challenged with V. anguillarum. The concentration of yeasts in larvae tended to increase with yeast inoculum, which was more pronounced for Dh97. Better protection was observed with Dh97 at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL compared to 104 CFU/mL. In germ-free conditions V. anguillarum reached higher concentrations in larvae and provoked significantly more mortality than in conventional conditions, revealing the protective role of the host microbiota. Interestingly, yeasts were equally (Dh97) or more effective (Yl242) in protecting germ-free than conventionally-raised larvae, showing that protection can be exerted only by yeasts and is not necessarily related to modulation of the host microbiota. Although none of the yeasts co-aggregated with V. anguillarum, they were able to reduce its proliferation in conventionally raised larvae, reduce initial pathogen concentration in germ-free larvae and prevent the upregulation of key components of the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response (il1b, tnfa, c3, mpx, and il10, respectively). These results show that protection by yeasts of zebrafish larvae challenged with V. anguillarum relates to an in vivo anti-pathogen effect, the modulation of the innate immune system, and suggests that yeasts avoid the host-pathogen interaction through mechanisms independent of co-aggregation. This study shows, for the first time, the protective role of zebrafish microbiota against V. anguillarum infection, and reveals mechanisms involved in protection by two non-Saccharomyces yeasts against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruffo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Natalie C. Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Oscar A. Salgado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Nelly B. Faúndez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Miguel C. Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G. Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
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25
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Latest Developments in the Research of Rust Fungi and Their Allies (Pucciniomycotina). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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26
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Brysch-Herzberg M, Seidel M. Yeast diversity on grapes in two German wine growing regions. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 214:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Caruffo M, Navarrete N, Salgado O, Díaz A, López P, García K, Feijóo CG, Navarrete P. Potential probiotic yeasts isolated from the fish gut protect zebrafish (Danio rerio) from a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1093. [PMID: 26500633 PMCID: PMC4596066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the negative consequences associated with the use of antibiotics, researchers, and food producers have studied alternatives, such as probiotics, for the control of fish diseases. The probiotic properties of yeasts in aquaculture have been scarcely considered. The present study investigated the probiotic properties of local yeast strains for aquaculture application in the protection of bacterial diseases. Yeast strains (n = 15), previously isolated from the intestinal gut of healthy salmonids, yellowtail, and croaker, were evaluated for their protection of zebrafish larvae following a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. We developed an infection model on zebrafish larvae with V. anguillarum, observing rapid mortality (≥50%) 5 days post-immersion challenge. Infection of Tg(Lyz:DsRed)nz50 larvae with fluorescent-marked V. anguillarum showed the oro-intestinal as the natural route of infection concomitant with an inflammatory response of the larvae reflected by neutrophil migration outside the hematopoietic tissue. Thirteen of 15 strains increased the percentage of larvae survival after the V. anguillarum challenge, although no yeast showed in vitro anti-V. anguillarum activity. In a subset of yeasts, we explored yeast–larvae interactions using fluorescent yeast and evaluated larvae colonization by culture analysis. All fluorescent yeasts were located in the gastrointestinal tract until 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Yeasts reached 103 CFU/larvae at 0 dpi, although the persistence until 5 dpi of the viable yeast in the gut was different among the strains. These results reveal that some yeasts isolated from the gut of fish could be potential probiotics, reducing the mortality associated to V. anguillarum challenge, and suggest that gut colonization could be involved in the protective effect. Future studies should elucidate other mechanisms involved in yeast protection and verify the beneficial effects of probiotic use in commercial fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruffo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalie Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Salgado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina López
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Chile ; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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28
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Li CC, Chung HP, Wen HW, Chang CT, Wang YT, Chou FI. The radiation resistance and cobalt biosorption activity of yeast strains isolated from the Lanyu low-level radioactive waste repository in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 146:80-87. [PMID: 25957049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of microbes has made them the pioneers in radionuclides adsorption and transport. In this study, the radiation resistance and nuclide biosorption capacity of microbes isolated from the Lanyu low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) repository in Taiwan was assessed, the evaluation of the possibility of using the isolated strain as biosorbents for (60)Co and Co (II) from contaminated aqueous solution and the potential impact on radionuclides release. The microbial content of solidified waste and broken fragments of containers at the Lanyu LLRW repository reached 10(5) CFU/g. Two yeast strains, Candida guilliermondii (CT1) and Rhodotorula calyptogenae (RT1) were isolated. The radiation dose necessary to reduce the microbial count by one log cycle of CT1 and RT1 was 2.1 and 0.8 kGy, respectively. Both CT1 and RT1 can grow under a radiation field with dose rate of 6.8 Gy/h, about 100 times higher than that on the surface of the LLRW container in Lanyu repository. CT1 and RT1 had the maximum (60)Co biosorption efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.1% and 98.3 ± 0.2%, respectively in (60)Co aqueous solution (700 Bq/mL), and the (60)Co could stably retained for more than 30 days in CT 1. Nearly all of the Co was absorbed and reached equilibrium within 1 h by CT1 and RT1 in the 10 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution. Biosorption efficiency test showed almost all of the Co (II) was adsorbed by CT1 in 20 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution, the efficiency of biosorption by RT1 in 10 μg/g of Co (II) was lower. The maximum Co (II) sorption capacity of CT1 and RT1 was 5324.0 ± 349.0 μg/g (dry wt) and 3737.6 ± 86.5 μg/g (dry wt), respectively, in the 20 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution. Experimental results show that microbial activity was high in the Lanyu LLRW repository in Taiwan. Two isolated yeast strains, CT1 and RT1 have high potential for use as biosorbents for (60)Co and Co (II) from contaminated aqueous solution, on the other hand, but may have the impact on radionuclides release from LLRW repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chin Li
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chung
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tu Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, No. 1000, Wenhua Road, Tauyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, an Emergent Opportunistic Pathogen. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/2/e00201-15. [PMID: 25858834 PMCID: PMC4392146 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00201-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a yeast with valuable biotechnological features, has also been recorded as an emergent opportunistic pathogen that might cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of R. mucilaginosa strain C2.5t1, which was isolated from cacao seeds in Cameroon.
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