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Abstract
AbstractAscomycetes belonging to the order Sordariales are a well-known reservoir of secondary metabolites with potential beneficial applications. Species of the Sordariales are ubiquitous, and they are commonly found in soils and in lignicolous, herbicolous, and coprophilous habitats. Some of their species have been used as model organisms in modern fungal biology or were found to be prolific producers of potentially useful secondary metabolites. However, the majority of sordarialean species are poorly studied. Traditionally, the classification of the Sordariales has been mainly based on morphology of the ascomata, ascospores, and asexual states, characters that have been demonstrated to be homoplastic by modern taxonomic studies based on multi-locus phylogeny. Herein, we summarize for the first time relevant information about the available knowledge on the secondary metabolites and the biological activities exerted by representatives of this fungal order, as well as a current outlook of the potential opportunities that the recent advances in omic tools could bring for the discovery of secondary metabolites in this order.
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Dicko M, Ferrari R, Tangthirasunun N, Gautier V, Lalanne C, Lamari F, Silar P. Lignin Degradation and Its Use in Signaling Development by the Coprophilous Ascomycete Podospora anserina. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E278. [PMID: 33187140 PMCID: PMC7712204 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Podospora anserina is a good model to study the breakdown of lignocellulose, owing to its ease of culture and genetical analysis. Here, we show that the fungus is able to use a wide range of lignocellulosic materials as food sources. Using color assays, spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry, we confirm that this ascomycete is able to degrade lignin, primarily by hydrolyzing β-O-4 linkages, which facilitates its nutrient uptake. We show that the limited weight loss that is promoted when attacking Miscanthus giganteus is due to a developmental blockage rather than an inefficiency of its enzymes. Finally, we show that lignin, and, more generally, phenolics, including degradation products of lignin, greatly stimulate the growth and fertility of the fungus in liquid cultures. Analyses of the CATΔΔΔΔΔ mutant lacking all its catalases, pro-oxidants and antioxidants indicate that improved growth and fertility of the fungus is likely caused by augmented reactive oxygen species levels triggered by the presence of phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Dicko
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS LSPM UPR 3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Roselyne Ferrari
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), F-75006 Paris, France; (R.F.); (N.T.); (V.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Narumon Tangthirasunun
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), F-75006 Paris, France; (R.F.); (N.T.); (V.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), F-75006 Paris, France; (R.F.); (N.T.); (V.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), F-75006 Paris, France; (R.F.); (N.T.); (V.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Farida Lamari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS LSPM UPR 3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Philippe Silar
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), F-75006 Paris, France; (R.F.); (N.T.); (V.G.); (C.L.)
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Li Y, Yan P, Lu X, Qiu Y, Liang S, Liu G, Li S, Mou L, Xie N. Involvement of PaSNF1 in Fungal Development, Sterigmatocystin Biosynthesis, and Lignocellulosic Degradation in the Filamentous Fungus Podospora anserina. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1038. [PMID: 32587577 PMCID: PMC7299030 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sucrose non-fermenting 1/AMP-activated protein kinase (SNF1/AMPK) is a central regulator of carbon metabolism and energy production in the eukaryotes. In this study, the functions of the Podospora anserina SNF1 (PaSNF1) ortholog were investigated. The ΔPaSNF1 mutant displays a delayed development of mycelium and fruiting bodies and fails to form ascospores. The expression of the PaSNF1 gene in the strain providing female organs in a cross is sufficient to ensure fertility, indicating a maternal effect. Results of environmental stress showed that ΔPaSNF1 was hypersensitive to stress, such as osmotic pressure and heat shock, and resistant to fluconazole. Interestingly, the knockout of PaSNF1 significantly promoted sterigmatocystin (ST) synthesis but suppressed cellulase [filter paperase (FPA), endoglucanase (EG), and β-glucosidase (BG)] activity. Further, transcriptome analysis indicated that PaSNF1 made positive regulatory effects on the expression of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes. These results suggested that PaSNF1 may function in balancing the operation of primary and secondary metabolism. This study suggested that SNF1 was a key regulator concerting vegetative growth, sexual development, and stress tolerance. Our study provided the first genetic evidence that SNF1 was involved in the ST biosynthesis and that it may also be a major actor of lignocellulose degradation in P. anserina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Mou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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van Erven G, Kleijn AF, Patyshakuliyeva A, Di Falco M, Tsang A, de Vries RP, van Berkel WJH, Kabel MA. Evidence for ligninolytic activity of the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:75. [PMID: 32322305 PMCID: PMC7161253 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina has been appreciated for its targeted carbohydrate-active enzymatic arsenal. As a late colonizer of herbivorous dung, the fungus acts specifically on the more recalcitrant fraction of lignocellulose and this lignin-rich biotope might have resulted in the evolution of ligninolytic activities. However, the lignin-degrading abilities of the fungus have not been demonstrated by chemical analyses at the molecular level and are, thus far, solely based on genome and secretome predictions. To evaluate whether P. anserina might provide a novel source of lignin-active enzymes to tap into for potential biotechnological applications, we comprehensively mapped wheat straw lignin during fungal growth and characterized the fungal secretome. RESULTS Quantitative 13C lignin internal standard py-GC-MS analysis showed substantial lignin removal during the 7 days of fungal growth (24% w/w), though carbohydrates were preferably targeted (58% w/w removal). Structural characterization of residual lignin by using py-GC-MS and HSQC NMR analyses demonstrated that Cα-oxidized substructures significantly increased through fungal action, while intact β-O-4' aryl ether linkages, p-coumarate and ferulate moieties decreased, albeit to lesser extents than observed for the action of basidiomycetes. Proteomic analysis indicated that the presence of lignin induced considerable changes in the secretome of P. anserina. This was particularly reflected in a strong reduction of cellulases and galactomannanases, while H2O2-producing enzymes clearly increased. The latter enzymes, together with laccases, were likely involved in the observed ligninolysis. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we provide unambiguous evidence for the ligninolytic activity of the ascomycete fungus P. anserina and expand the view on its enzymatic repertoire beyond carbohydrate degradation. Our results can be of significance for the development of biological lignin conversion technologies by contributing to the quest for novel lignin-active enzymes and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne F. Kleijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J. H. van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Dikec J, Olivier A, Bobée C, D'Angelo Y, Catellier R, David P, Filaine F, Herbert S, Lalanne C, Lalucque H, Monasse L, Rieu M, Ruprich-Robert G, Véber A, Chapeland-Leclerc F, Herbert E. Hyphal network whole field imaging allows for accurate estimation of anastomosis rates and branching dynamics of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3131. [PMID: 32081880 PMCID: PMC7035296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of filamentous fungi in colonizing most natural environments can be largely attributed to their ability to form an expanding interconnected network, the mycelium, or thallus, constituted by a collection of hyphal apexes in motion producing hyphae and subject to branching and fusion. In this work, we characterize the hyphal network expansion and the structure of the fungus Podospora anserina under controlled culture conditions. To this end, temporal series of pictures of the network dynamics are produced, starting from germinating ascospores and ending when the network reaches a few centimeters width, with a typical image resolution of several micrometers. The completely automated image reconstruction steps allow an easy post-processing and a quantitative analysis of the dynamics. The main features of the evolution of the hyphal network, such as the total length L of the mycelium, the number of “nodes” (or crossing points) N and the number of apexes A, can then be precisely quantified. Beyond these main features, the determination of the distribution of the intra-thallus surfaces (Si) and the statistical analysis of some local measures of N, A and L give new insights on the dynamics of expanding fungal networks. Based on these results, we now aim at developing robust and versatile discrete/continuous mathematical models to further understand the key mechanisms driving the development of the fungus thallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dikec
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - A Olivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - C Bobée
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Y D'Angelo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Mathématiques & Interactions J. A. Dieudonné, UMR 7351 CNRS, F-06108, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, LJAD, COFFEE and ATLANTIS teams, F-06902, Valbonne, France
| | - R Catellier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Mathématiques & Interactions J. A. Dieudonné, UMR 7351 CNRS, F-06108, Nice, France
| | - P David
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - F Filaine
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - S Herbert
- Institut Pasteur, Image Analysis Hub, C2RT, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ch Lalanne
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - H Lalucque
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - L Monasse
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Mathématiques & Interactions J. A. Dieudonné, UMR 7351 CNRS, F-06108, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, CNRS, LJAD, COFFEE and ATLANTIS teams, F-06902, Valbonne, France
| | - M Rieu
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - G Ruprich-Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - A Véber
- CMAP, CNRS, I.P. Paris, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Chapeland-Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - E Herbert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Sadeghian I, Rezaie Z, Rahmatabadi SS, Hemmati S. Biochemical insights into a novel thermo/organo tolerant bilirubin oxidase from Thermosediminibacter oceani and its application in dye decolorization. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Polonio Á, Seoane P, Claros MG, Pérez-García A. The haustorial transcriptome of the cucurbit pathogen Podosphaera xanthii reveals new insights into the biotrophy and pathogenesis of powdery mildew fungi. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:543. [PMID: 31272366 PMCID: PMC6611051 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew disease in cucurbits and is responsible for important yield losses in these crops worldwide. Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophs. In these parasites, biotrophy is determined by the presence of haustoria, which are specialized structures of parasitism developed by these fungi for the acquisition of nutrients and the delivery of effectors. Detailed molecular studies of powdery mildew haustoria are scarce due mainly to difficulties in their isolation. Therefore, their analysis is considered an important challenge for powdery mildew research. The aim of this work was to gain insights into powdery mildew biology by analysing the haustorial transcriptome of P. xanthii. Results Prior to RNA isolation and massive-scale mRNA sequencing, a flow cytometric approach was developed to isolate P. xanthii haustoria free of visible contaminants. Next, several commercial kits were used to isolate total RNA and to construct the cDNA and Illumina libraries that were finally sequenced by the Illumina NextSeq system. Using this approach, the maximum amount of information from low-quality RNA that could be obtained was used to accomplish the de novo assembly of the P. xanthii haustorial transcriptome. The subsequent analysis of this transcriptome and comparison with the epiphytic transcriptome allowed us to identify the importance of several biological processes for haustorial cells such as protection against reactive oxygen species, the acquisition of different nutrients and genetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs. In addition, we could also identify several secreted proteins expressed exclusively in haustoria such as cell adhesion proteins that have not been related to powdery mildew biology to date. Conclusions This work provides a novel approach to study the molecular aspects of powdery mildew haustoria. In addition, the results of this study have also allowed us to identify certain previously unknown processes and proteins involved in the biology of powdery mildews that could be essential for their biotrophy and pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5938-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Polonio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Silar P, Dauget JM, Gautier V, Grognet P, Chablat M, Hermann-Le Denmat S, Couloux A, Wincker P, Debuchy R. A gene graveyard in the genome of the fungus Podospora comata. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:177-190. [PMID: 30288581 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in fine adaptation of fungi to their environment include differential gene regulation associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels (including transposons), horizontal gene transfer, gene copy amplification, as well as pseudogenization and gene loss. The two Podospora genome sequences examined here emphasize the role of pseudogenization and gene loss, which have rarely been documented in fungi. Podospora comata is a species closely related to Podospora anserina, a fungus used as model in several laboratories. Comparison of the genome of P. comata with that of P. anserina, whose genome is available for over 10 years, should yield interesting data related to the modalities of genome evolution between these two closely related fungal species that thrive in the same types of biotopes, i.e., herbivore dung. Here, we present the genome sequence of the mat + isolate of the P. comata reference strain T. Comparison with the genome of the mat + isolate of P. anserina strain S confirms that P. anserina and P. comata are likely two different species that rarely interbreed in nature. Despite having a 94-99% of nucleotide identity in the syntenic regions of their genomes, the two species differ by nearly 10% of their gene contents. Comparison of the species-specific gene sets uncovered genes that could be responsible for the known physiological differences between the two species. Finally, we identified 428 and 811 pseudogenes (3.8 and 7.2% of the genes) in P. anserina and P. comata, respectively. Presence of high numbers of pseudogenes supports the notion that difference in gene contents is due to gene loss rather than horizontal gene transfers. We propose that the high frequency of pseudogenization leading to gene loss in P. anserina and P. comata accompanies specialization of these two fungi. Gene loss may be more prevalent during the evolution of other fungi than usually thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Silar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Dauget
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Pierre Grognet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Michelle Chablat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Hermann-Le Denmat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- CEA, Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CP 5706, Evry, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- CEA, Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CP 5706, Evry, France.,CNRS UMR 8030, Evry, France.,Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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9
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Ferrari R, Lacaze I, Le Faouder P, Bertrand-Michel J, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Moularat S, Chan Ho Tong L, Boucher C, Kilani J, Petit Y, Vanparis O, Trannoy C, Brun S, Lalucque H, Malagnac F, Silar P. Cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases are used by the fungus Podospora anserina to repel nematodes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2174-2182. [PMID: 30025856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are secondary messengers used universally in the living world for communication and defense. The paradigm is that they are produced enzymatically for the eicosanoids and non-enzymatically for the isoprostanoids. They are supposed to be degraded into volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to participate in aroma production. Some such chemicals composed of eight carbons are also envisoned as alternatives to fossil fuels. In fungi, oxylipins have been mostly studied in Aspergilli and shown to be involved in signalling asexual versus sexual development, mycotoxin production and interaction with the host for pathogenic species. Through targeted gene deletions of genes encoding oxylipin-producing enzymes and chemical analysis of oxylipins and volatile organic compounds, we show that in the distantly-related ascomycete Podospora anserina, isoprostanoids are likely produced enzymatically. We show the disappearance in the mutants lacking lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases of the production of 10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and that of 1-octen-3-ol, a common volatile compound. Importantly, this was correlated with the inability of the mutants to repel nematodes as efficiently as the wild type. Overall, our data show that in this fungus, oxylipins are not involved in signalling development but may rather be used directly or as precursors in the production of odors against potential agressors. SIGNIFICANCE We analyzse the role in inter-kingdom communication of lipoxygenase (lox) and cyclooxygenase (cox) genes in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Through chemical analysis we define the oxylipins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)produce by wild type and mutants for cox and lox genes, We show that the COX and LOX genes are required for the production of some eight carbon VOCs. We show that COX and LOX genes are involved in the production of chemicals repelling nematodes. This role is very different from the ones previously evidenced in other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne Ferrari
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Isabelle Lacaze
- Direction Santé Confort, Division Agents Biologiques et Aérocontaminants, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex F-77447, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, Inserm U1048, Toulouse 31 432, France
| | | | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, (IBMM), CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5247, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, Montpellier Cedex F-34093, France
| | - Stéphane Moularat
- Direction Santé Confort, Division Agents Biologiques et Aérocontaminants, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Marne-la-Vallée Cedex F-77447, France
| | - Laetitia Chan Ho Tong
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Charlie Boucher
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Jaafar Kilani
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Yohann Petit
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Océane Vanparis
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - César Trannoy
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Sylvain Brun
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Hervé Lalucque
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Fabienne Malagnac
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Univ. Paris Diderot, Paris F-75205, France.
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10
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Xie N, Ruprich-Robert G, Silar P, Herbert E, Ferrari R, Chapeland-Leclerc F. Characterization of three multicopper oxidases in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina: A new role of an ABR1-like protein in fungal development? Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 116:1-13. [PMID: 29654834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Podospora anserina genome contains a large family of 15 multicopper oxidases (MCOs), including three genes encoding a FET3-like protein, an ABR1-like protein and an ascorbate oxidase (AO)-like protein. FET3, ABR1 and AO1 are involved in global laccase-like activity since deletion of the relevant genes led to a decrease of activity when laccase substrate (ABTS) was used as substrate. However, contrary to the P. anserina MCO proteins previously characterized, none of these three MCOs seemed to be involved in lignocellulose degradation and in resistance to phenolic compounds and oxidative stress. We showed that the bulk of ferroxidase activity was clearly due to ABR1, and only in minor part to FET3, although ABR1 does not contain all the residues typical of FET3 proteins. Moreover, we showed that ABR1, related to the Aspergillus fumigatus ABR1 protein, was clearly and specifically involved in pigmentation of ascospores. Surprisingly, phenotypes were more severe in mutants lacking both abr1 and ao1. Deletion of the ao1 gene led to an almost total loss of AO activity. No direct involvement of AO1 in fungal developmental process in P. anserina was evidenced, except in a abr1Δ background. Overall, unlike other previously characterized MCOs, we thus evidence a clear involvement of ABR1 protein in fungal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Gwenaël Ruprich-Robert
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Eric Herbert
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Roselyne Ferrari
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Florence Chapeland-Leclerc
- Univ Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236, 75205 Paris, France.
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11
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Inactivation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenases Modifies the Cellulose Degradation Mechanism of Podospora anserina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02716-16. [PMID: 27836848 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02716-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of biomass into high-value products, including biofuels, is of great interest to developing sustainable biorefineries. Fungi are an inexhaustible source of enzymes to degrade plant biomass. Cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) play an important role in the breakdown through synergistic action with fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). The three CDH genes of the model fungus Podospora anserina were inactivated, resulting in single and multiple CDH mutants. We detected almost no difference in growth and fertility of the mutants on various lignocellulose sources, except on crystalline cellulose, on which a 2-fold decrease in fertility of the mutants lacking P. anserina CDH1 (PaCDH1) and PaCDH2 was observed. A striking difference between wild-type and mutant secretomes was observed. The secretome of the mutant lacking all CDHs contained five beta-glucosidases, whereas the wild type had only one. P. anserina seems to compensate for the lack of CDH with secretion of beta-glucosidases. The addition of P. anserina LPMO to either the wild-type or mutant secretome resulted in improvement of cellulose degradation in both cases, suggesting that other redox partners present in the mutant secretome provided electrons to LPMOs. Overall, the data showed that oxidative degradation of cellulosic biomass relies on different types of mechanisms in fungi. IMPORTANCE Plant biomass degradation by fungi is a complex process involving dozens of enzymes. The roles of each enzyme or enzyme class are not fully understood, and utilization of a model amenable to genetic analysis should increase the comprehension of how fungi cope with highly recalcitrant biomass. Here, we report that the cellobiose dehydrogenases of the model fungus Podospora anserina enable it to consume crystalline cellulose yet seem to play a minor role on actual substrates, such as wood shavings or miscanthus. Analysis of secreted proteins suggests that Podospora anserina compensates for the lack of cellobiose dehydrogenase by increasing beta-glucosidase expression and using an alternate electron donor for LPMO.
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12
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Rosnow JJ, Anderson LN, Nair RN, Baker ES, Wright AT. Profiling microbial lignocellulose degradation and utilization by emergent omics technologies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:626-640. [PMID: 27439855 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1209158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of plant materials to generate renewable biofuels and other high-value chemicals is the sustainable and preferable option, but will require considerable improvements to increase the rate and efficiency of lignocellulose depolymerization. This review highlights novel and emerging technologies that are being developed and deployed to characterize the process of lignocellulose degradation. The review will also illustrate how microbial communities deconstruct and metabolize lignocellulose by identifying the necessary genes and enzyme activities along with the reaction products. These technologies include multi-omic measurements, cell sorting and isolation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), activity-based protein profiling, and direct measurement of enzyme activity. The recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose necessitates the need to characterize the methods microbes employ to deconstruct lignocellulose to inform new strategies on how to greatly improve biofuel conversion processes. New technologies are yielding important insights into microbial functions and strategies employed to degrade lignocellulose, providing a mechanistic blueprint in order to advance biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Rosnow
- a Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
| | - Lindsey N Anderson
- a Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
| | - Reji N Nair
- a Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- a Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
| | - Aaron T Wright
- a Biological Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA , USA
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13
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Couturier M, Tangthirasunun N, Ning X, Brun S, Gautier V, Bennati-Granier C, Silar P, Berrin JG. Plant biomass degrading ability of the coprophilic ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:976-983. [PMID: 27263000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of plant biomass is a major challenge towards the production of bio-based compounds and materials. As key lignocellulolytic enzyme producers, filamentous fungi represent a promising reservoir to tackle this challenge. Among them, the coprophilous ascomycete Podospora anserina has been used as a model organism to study various biological mechanisms because its genetics are well understood and controlled. In 2008, the sequencing of its genome revealed a great diversity of enzymes targeting plant carbohydrates and lignin. Since then, a large array of lignocellulose-acting enzymes has been characterized and genetic analyses have enabled the understanding of P. anserina metabolism and development on plant biomass. Overall, these research efforts shed light on P. anserina strategy to unlock recalcitrant lignocellulose deconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Couturier
- INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Narumon Tangthirasunun
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, 35, rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Xie Ning
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, 35, rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brun
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, 35, rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, 35, rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Bennati-Granier
- INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Diderot, 35, rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, F-13288 Marseille, France.
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14
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Lignin Biodegradation with Fungi, Bacteria and Enzymes for Producing Chemicals and Increasing Process Efficiency. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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