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Georgieva ML, Bilanenko EN, Ponizovskaya VB, Kokaeva LY, Georgiev AA, Efimenko TA, Markelova NN, Kuvarina AE, Sadykova VS. Haloalkalitolerant Fungi from Sediments of the Big Tambukan Saline Lake (Northern Caucasus): Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2587. [PMID: 37894245 PMCID: PMC10609068 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed a characterization of cultivated haloalkalitolerant fungi from the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake in order to assess their biodiversity and antimicrobial activity. This saline, slightly alkaline lake is known as a source of therapeutic sulfide mud used in sanatoria of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Russia. Though data on bacteria and algae observed in this lake are available in the literature, data on fungi adapted to the conditions of the lake are lacking. The diversity of haloalkalitolerant fungi was low and represented by ascomycetes of the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chordomyces, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Gibellulopsis, Myriodontium, Penicillium, and Pseudeurotium. Most of the fungi were characterized by moderate alkaline resistance, and they tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 10% w/v. The analysis of the antimicrobial activity of fungi showed that 87.5% of all strains were active against Bacillus subtilis, and 39.6% were also determined to be effective against Escherichia coli. The majority of the strains were also active against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, about 66.7% and 62.5%, respectively. These studies indicate, for the first time, the presence of polyextremotolerant fungi in the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake, which probably reflects their involvement in the formation of therapeutic muds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L. Georgieva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elena N. Bilanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Valeria B. Ponizovskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Lyudmila Y. Kokaeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
- Faculty of Soil Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A. Georgiev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Tatiana A. Efimenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Natalia N. Markelova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Anastasia E. Kuvarina
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Vera S. Sadykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
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Perczyk P, Broniatowski M. Membrane composition and successful bioaugmentation. Studies of the interactions of model thylakoid and plasma cyanobacterial and bacterial membranes with fungal membrane-lytic enzyme Lecitase ultra. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183888. [PMID: 35189110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial/bacterial consortia are frequently inoculated to soils to increase the soil fertility and to accelerate the biodegradation of organic pollutants. Moreover, such consortia can also be successfully applied in landfills especially for the biodegradation of plastic wastes. However, the bioaugmentation techniques turn out frequently inefficient due to the competition of the indigenous microorganisms attacking directly these inoculated or secreting to their surroundings cell wall and membrane-lytic enzymes. It can be hypothesized that the resistance of the microbial membrane to the enzymatic degradation is correlated with its lipid composition. To verify this hypothesis glycolipid and phospholipid Langmuir monolayers were applied as models of thylakoid and plasma cyanobacterial and bacterial membranes. Hybrid fungal enzyme Lecitase ultra joining the activity of lipase and phospholipase A1 was applied as the model of fungal membrane-lytic enzyme. It turned out that anionic thylakoid lipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerols were the main targets of Lecitase ultra in the model multicomponent thylakoid membranes. The resistance of the model plasma bacterial membranes to enzymatic degradation depended significantly to their composition. The resistance increased generally when the unsaturated lipids were exchanged to their saturated counterparts. However, most resistant turned out the membranes composed of unsaturated phosphatidylamine and saturated anionic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Perczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, The Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, The Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland..
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Takashima Y, Nakayama T, Degawa Y. Revisiting the isolation source after half a century: Emericellopsis mirabilis on a yellow-green alga. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:260-267. [PMID: 37092170 PMCID: PMC9721506 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungi-algae interactions, such as lichen-forming fungi and parasitic chytrids on phytoplankton, are common in ecosystems. In contrast, interactions between filamentous fungi and soil algae that can be observed with the naked eye have been given little attention and remain unexplored. Here, we report a fungus that was associated with a visible symptom of dead algae on a soil surface in Sugadaira-kogen, Nagano, central Japan. Acremonium-like conidiophores were growing on vesicles and dead bodies of a yellow-green alga, Botrydium granulatum. The fungus was identified as Emericellopsis mirabilis based on its morphology by microscopic observation, phylogenetic analysis, and the similarity of the isolation substrate with the first description of the species. Co-culture experiments showed a filamentous cell differentiation of the alga by the fungus, but no harmful or beneficial effects on algal growth. Therefore, we speculate that E. mirabilis is a facultative parasite of B. granulatum under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takashima
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takeshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yousuke Degawa
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba
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Carreira C, Lønborg C, Kühl M, Lillebø AI, Sandaa RA, Villanueva L, Cruz S. Fungi and viruses as important players in microbial mats. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5910486. [PMID: 32966583 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial mats are compacted, surface-associated microbial ecosystems reminiscent of the first living communities on early Earth. While often considered predominantly prokaryotic, recent findings show that both fungi and viruses are ubiquitous in microbial mats, albeit their functional roles remain unknown. Fungal research has mostly focused on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems where fungi are known as important recyclers of organic matter, whereas viruses are exceptionally abundant and important in aquatic ecosystems. Here, viruses have shown to affect organic matter cycling and the diversity of microbial communities by facilitating horizontal gene transfer and cell lysis. We hypothesise fungi and viruses to have similar roles in microbial mats. Based on the analysis of previous research in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, we outline novel hypotheses proposing strong impacts of fungi and viruses on element cycling, food web structure and function in microbial mats, and outline experimental approaches for studies needed to understand these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Carreira
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christian Lønborg
- Section for Applied Marine Ecology and Modelling, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ruth-Anne Sandaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Villanueva
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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The Abundance and Diversity of Fungi in a Hypersaline Microbial Mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California, México. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030210. [PMID: 33809206 PMCID: PMC7999539 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of fungi were evaluated in a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, México, using a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of domain-specific primers, and metagenomic sequencing. Seven different layers were analyzed in the mat (Layers 1–7) at single millimeter resolution (from the surface to 7 mm in depth). The number of copies of the 18S rRNA gene of fungi ranged between 106 and 107 copies per g mat, being two logarithmic units lower than of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria. The abundance of 18S rRNA genes of fungi varied significantly among the layers with layers 2–5 mm from surface contained the highest numbers of copies. Fifty-six fungal taxa were identified by metagenomic sequencing, classified into three different phyla: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Microsporidia. The prevalent genera of fungi were Thermothelomyces, Pyricularia, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Candida and Neurospora. Genera of fungi identified in the mat were closely related to genera known to have saprotrophic and parasitic lifestyles, as well as genera related to human and plant pathogens and fungi able to perform denitrification. This research suggests that fungi in the mat may participate in nutrient recycling, modification of community composition through parasitic activities, and denitrification.
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Gonçalves MFM, Vicente TFL, Esteves AC, Alves A. Novel halotolerant species of Emericellopsis and Parasarocladium associated with macroalgae in an estuarine environment. Mycologia 2019; 112:154-171. [PMID: 31829905 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1677448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae of the genera Fucus, Ulva, and Enteromorpha are typically abundant in estuaries. Endophytic fungi may have beneficial effects on the hosts affecting their ability to cope with stress. They are also a source of biologically active compounds. However, little is known about the endophytic fungi that colonize these macroalgae. Endophytic isolates were obtained from macroalgae from various sites in the estuary Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), as well as from saline water and sponges. Six Acremonium-like species could not be affiliated to any known species. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA and β-tubulin (tub2) and actin (act1) genes placed these species in the genera Emericellopsis and Parasarocladium, but distinct from all currently known species. Although sharing morphological characteristics with the most closely related species, these genera differ in micromorphological and molecular characters. Thus, three novel species of Emericellopsis (E. cladophorae, sp. nov., E. enteromorphae, sp. nov., and E. phycophila, sp. nov.) and three novel species of Parasarocladium (P. aestuarinum, sp. nov., P. alavariense, sp. nov., and P. fusiforme, sp. nov.) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael F M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Tânia F L Vicente
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana C Esteves
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Baranova AA, Georgieva ML, Bilanenko EN, Andreev YA, Rogozhin EA, Sadykova VS. Antimicrobial potential of alkalophilic micromycetes Emericellopsis alkalina. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Batista-García RA, Sutton T, Jackson SA, Tovar-Herrera OE, Balcázar-López E, Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Sánchez-Reyes A, Dobson ADW, Folch-Mallol JL. Characterization of lignocellulolytic activities from fungi isolated from the deep-sea sponge Stelletta normani. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173750. [PMID: 28339473 PMCID: PMC5365110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme habitats have usually been regarded as a source of microorganisms that possess robust proteins that help enable them to survive in such harsh conditions. The deep sea can be considered an extreme habitat due to low temperatures (<5°C) and high pressure, however marine sponges survive in these habitats. While bacteria derived from deep-sea marine sponges have been studied, much less information is available on fungal biodiversity associated with these sponges. Following screening of fourteen fungi isolated from the deep-sea sponge Stelletta normani sampled at a depth of 751 metres, three halotolerant strains (TS2, TS11 and TS12) were identified which displayed high CMCase and xylanase activities. Molecular based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as Cadophora sp. TS2, Emericellopsis sp. TS11 and Pseudogymnoascus sp. TS 12. These three fungi displayed psychrotolerance and halotolerant growth on CMC and xylan as sole carbon sources, with optimal growth rates at 20°C. They produced CMCase and xylanase activities, which displayed optimal temperature and pH values of between 50-70°C and pH 5-8 respectively, together with good thermostability and halotolerance. In solid-state fermentations TS2, TS11 and TS12 produced CMCases, xylanases and peroxidase/phenol oxidases when grown on corn stover and wheat straw. This is the first time that CMCase, xylanase and peroxidase/phenol oxidase activities have been reported in these three fungal genera isolated from a marine sponge. Given the biochemical characteristics of these ligninolytic enzymes it is likely that they may prove useful in future biomass conversion strategies involving lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Thomas Sutton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen A. Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Omar Eduardo Tovar-Herrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Edgar Balcázar-López
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Ayixon Sánchez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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van der Walt AJ, Johnson RM, Cowan DA, Seely M, Ramond JB. Unique Microbial Phylotypes in Namib Desert Dune and Gravel Plain Fairy Circle Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4592-4601. [PMID: 27208111 PMCID: PMC4984285 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00844-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fairy circles (FCs) are barren circular patches of soil surrounded by grass species. Their origin is poorly understood. FCs feature in both the gravel plains and the dune fields of the Namib Desert. While a substantial number of hypotheses to explain the origin and/or maintenance of fairy circles have been presented, none are completely consistent with either their properties or their distribution. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that FC formation in dunes and gravel plains is due to microbial phytopathogenesis. Surface soils from five gravel plain and five dune FCs, together with control soil samples, were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial/archaeal (16S rRNA gene) and fungal (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] region) phylogenetic markers. Our analyses showed that gravel plain and dune FC microbial communities are phylogenetically distinct and that FC communities differ from those of adjacent vegetated soils. Furthermore, various soil physicochemical properties, particularly the pH, the Ca, P, Na, and SO4 contents, the soil particle size, and the percentage of carbon, significantly influenced the compositions of dune and gravel plain FC microbial communities, but none were found to segregate FC and vegetated soil communities. Nevertheless, 9 bacterial, 1 archaeal, and 57 fungal phylotypes were identified as FC specific, since they were present within the gravel plain and dune FC soils only, not in the vegetated soils. Some of these FC-specific phylotypes were assigned to taxa known to harbor phytopathogenic microorganisms. This suggests that these FC-specific microbial taxa may be involved in the formation and/or maintenance of Namib Desert FCs. IMPORTANCE Fairy circles (FCs) are mysterious barren circular patches of soil found within a grass matrix in the dune fields and gravel plains of the Namib Desert. Various hypotheses attempting to explain this phenomenon have been proposed. To date, however, none have been successful in fully explaining the etiology of FCs, particularly since gravel plain FCs have been largely ignored. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that microorganisms could be involved in the FC phenomenon through phytopathogenesis. We show that the microbial communities in FC and control vegetated soil samples were significantly different. Furthermore, we detected 67 FC-specific microbial phylotypes, i.e., phylotypes present solely in both gravel plain and dune FC soils, some of which were closely related to known phytopathogens. Our results, therefore, demonstrate that microorganisms may play a role in the formation and/or maintenance of Namib Desert FCs, possibly via phytopathogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries J van der Walt
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Genomics Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Riegardt M Johnson
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Genomics Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Genomics Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mary Seely
- Gobabeb Research and Training Centre, Walvis Bay, Namibia
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (AP&ES), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ramond
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Genomics Research Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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