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Kalia VC, Gong C, Shanmugam R, Lee JK. Prospecting Microbial Genomes for Biomolecules and Their Applications. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:516-523. [PMID: 36458216 PMCID: PMC9705627 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive molecules of microbial origin are finding increasing biotechnological applications. Their sources range from the terrestrial, marine, and endophytic to the human microbiome. These biomolecules have unique chemical structures and related groups, which enable them to improve the efficiency of the bioprocesses. This review focuses on the applications of biomolecules in bioremediation, agriculture, food, pharmaceutical industries, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Rubin S, Veloz T, Maldonado P. Beyond planetary-scale feedback self-regulation: Gaia as an autopoietic system. Biosystems 2020; 199:104314. [PMID: 33271251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Gaia hypothesis states that the Earth is an instance of life. However, appraisals of it tend to focus on the claim that life is a feedback self-regulator that controls Earth's chemistry and climate dynamics, yet, self-regulation by feedbacks is not a definitive characteristic of living systems. Here, we consider the characterization of biological systems as autopoietic systems (causally organized to self-produce through metabolic efficient closure) and then ask whether the Gaia hypothesis is a tractable question from this standpoint. A proof-of-concept based on Chemical Organization Theory (COT) and the Zero Deficiency Theorem (ZDT) applied on a simple but representative Earth's molecular reaction network supports the thesis of Gaia as an autopoietic system. We identify the formation of self-producing organizations within the reaction network, corresponding to recognizable scenarios of Earth's history. These results provide further opportunities to discuss how the instantiation of autopoiesis at the planetary scale could manifests central features of biological phenomenon, such as autonomy and anticipation, and what this implies for the further development of the Gaia theory, Earth's climate modelling and geoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rubin
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, CNIB, Bolivia; Fundación para el Desarrollo Interdisciplinario de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y las Artes, DICTA, Chile.
| | - Tomas Veloz
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Interdisciplinario de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y las Artes, DICTA, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Chile; Centre Leo Apostel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - Pedro Maldonado
- Fundación para el Desarrollo Interdisciplinario de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y las Artes, DICTA, Chile; Centre Leo Apostel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Belgium
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Rubin S, Parr T, Da Costa L, Friston K. Future climates: Markov blankets and active inference in the biosphere. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200503. [PMID: 33234063 PMCID: PMC7729048 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We formalize the Gaia hypothesis about the Earth climate system using advances in theoretical biology based on the minimization of variational free energy. This amounts to the claim that non-equilibrium steady-state dynamics-that underwrite our climate-depend on the Earth system possessing a Markov blanket. Our formalization rests on how the metabolic rates of the biosphere (understood as Markov blanket's internal states) change with respect to solar radiation at the Earth's surface (i.e. external states), through the changes in greenhouse and albedo effects (i.e. active states) and ocean-driven global temperature changes (i.e. sensory states). Describing the interaction between the metabolic rates and solar radiation as climatic states-in a Markov blanket-amounts to describing the dynamics of the internal states as actively inferring external states. This underwrites climatic non-equilibrium steady-state through free energy minimization and thus a form of planetary autopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rubin
- Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Thomas Parr
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lancelot Da Costa
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Giuffrida D, Monnet C, Laurent F, Cacciola F, Oteri M, Le Piver M, Caro Y, Donato P, Mondello L, Roueyre D, Dufossé L. Carotenoids from the ripening bacterium Brevibacterium linens impart color to the rind of the French cheese, Fourme de Montbrison (PDO). Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:10-15. [PMID: 31140308 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1622107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rind color of some high-value PDO cheeses is related to the presence of carotenoids, but little is known about the structure of the pigmented compounds and their origin. Our objective was to describe the carotenoids extracted from the rind of a French cheese, Fourme de Montbrison, and to compare them with the pigments produced by a bacterial strain used as an adjunct culture in the cheese ripening process. Eleven carotenoids were detected in the cheese rinds or in the biomass of Brevibacterium linens. Most of the carotenoids from the rinds belonged to the aryl (aromatic) carotenoid family, including hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated isorenieratene. Chlorobactene, a carotenoid rarely found in food products, was also detected. Agelaxanthin A was identified in the cheese rinds as well as in the B. linens biomass. Occurrence of this compound was previously described in only one scientific publication, where it was isolated from the sponge Agela schmidtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giuffrida
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christophe Monnet
- UMR GMPA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Yanis Caro
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Université de La Réunion, Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, Reunion Island, France
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