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Liu Y, Xi Y, Lv Y, Yan J, Song M, Yang H, Zhang Y, Miao W, Lin C. The Plasma Membrane H + ATPase CsPMA2 Regulates Lipid Droplet Formation, Appressorial Development and Virulence in Colletotrichum siamense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17337. [PMID: 38139168 PMCID: PMC10743824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi. Lipid droplets are important storage sites for neutral lipids in fungal conidia and hyphae and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the relationship between plasma membrane H+-ATPase, lipid droplets and virulence remains unclear. Here, we characterized a plasma membrane H+-ATPase, CsPMA2, that plays a key role in lipid droplet formation, appresorial development and virulence in C. siamense. Deletion of CsPMA2 impaired C. siamense conidial size, conidial germination, appressorial development and virulence but did not affect hyphal growth. ΔCsPMA2 increased the sensitivity of C. siamense to phytic acid and oxalic acid. CsPMA2 was localized to lipids on the plasma membrane and intracellular membrane. Deletion of CsPMA2 significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and significantly affected the contents of some species of lipids, including 12 species with decreased lipid contents and 3 species with increased lipid contents. Furthermore, low pH can inhibit CsPMA2 expression and lipid droplet accumulation. Overall, our data revealed that the plasma membrane H+-ATPase CsPMA2 is involved in the regulation of lipid droplet formation and affects appressorial development and virulence in C. siamense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Yitao Xi
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Yanyu Lv
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jingting Yan
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Miao Song
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Hong Yang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Weiguo Miao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (M.S.); (H.Y.); (Y.Z.); (W.M.)
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Chen D, Cai X, Xing J, Chen S, Zhao J, Qu Z, Li G, Liu H, Zheng L, Huang J, Chen XL. A lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 regulates appressorium function for infection of Magnaporthe oryzae. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:108-123. [PMID: 37581021 PMCID: PMC10423190 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are important storages in fungal conidia and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of lipid droplets formation and the utilization during fungal development and infection are largely unknown. Here, in Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified a lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 that played a key role in lipid droplets biogenesis and utilization. Nem1 was highly expressed in conidia, but lowly expressed in appressoria, and its encoded protein was localized to lipid droplets. Deletion of NEM1 resulted in reduced numbers of lipid droplets and decreased content of diacylglycerol (DAG) or triacylglycerol (TAG). NEM1 was required for asexual development especially conidia production. The Δnem1 mutant was nearly loss of virulence to host plants due to defects in appressorial penetration and invasive growth. Remarkably, Nem1 was regulated by the TOR signaling pathway and involved in the autophagy process. The Ser303 residue of Nem1 could be phosphorylated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and was important for biological function of Nem1. Together, our study revealed a regulatory mechanism of lipid biogenesis and metabolism during the conidium and appressorium formation of the rice blast fungus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00098-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junjie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhiguang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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A Perilipin Affects Lipid Droplet Homeostasis and Aerial Hyphal Growth, but Has Only Small Effects on Virulence in the Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060634. [PMID: 35736117 PMCID: PMC9225014 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid assimilation, storage, and turnover impact growth, development, and virulence in many microbial pathogens including fungi. Perilipins are proteins associated with lipid droplets (LDs) that mediate their assembly and turnover. Here, we characterized the Beauveria bassiana (BbPlin1) perilipin. BbPlin1 expression was higher in minimal media than in rich media, and, using a BbPlin1::eGFP fusion protein, the protein was shown to be co−localized to LDs, with the high expression seen during infection and proliferation within the insect (Galleria mellonella) host that dramatically decreased to almost no expression during fungal outgrowth on cadavers including in conidia, but that BbPlin1 production resumed in the conidia once placed in nutrient−containing media allowing for germination and growth. Characterization of a targeted gene deletion strain (ΔBbPlin1) revealed a dramatic (>30%) reduction in cellular LD content, promotion of aerial hyphal growth, and a small decrease in virulence, with little to no effects on vegetative growth and stress responses. However, in the ΔBbPlin1 strain, expression of the complementary LD−associated caleosin gene, BbCal1, was enhanced under nutrient−poor conditions, although no changes in BbPlin1 expression were seen in a ΔBbCal1 strain and the expression of BbPlin1 in the ΔBbCal1 strain did not change LD patterns in cells. Transcriptome and RT−PCR analyses indicated increased expression of lipid metabolism−related genes, including triacylglyercol lipase 3, enoyl−CoA isomerase, and diacylglycerol−O−acetyl transferase in the BbPlin1 deletion mutant. Lipid profile analyses confirmed that the loss of BbPlin1 significantly reduced the cellular levels of contents of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine as compared to the wild−type strain. These results demonstrate the involvement of the B. bassiana perilipin in mediating lipid homeostasis, fungal aerial hyphal growth, and virulence, revealing critical cycling from high expression during nutrient utilization within host cadavers to low expression during growth on the surface of the cadaver during the infection process.
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Jiao X, Lyu L, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zhou R, Wang S, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhao ZK. Reduction of lipid-accumulation of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of lipid droplet structural proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6354775. [PMID: 34410383 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is an important chassis organism for producing microbial lipids and terpenoids. However, excess carbon flux flows towards lipid synthesis than terpenoid synthesis. Thus, it is essential to limit lipid accumulation so that R. toruloides can be explored as an advanced cell factory for producing non-lipid derivatives. In this study, we knocked out two lipid droplet (LD) structural proteins (Ldp1 and Cals) of R. toruloides NP11 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system to reduce lipid production. The results showed that lipid content of LD protein-disrupted strains dropped by over 40%. LDP1-disrupted mutants harbored small-sized LDs. This study provided valuable information to study about microbial lipid metabolism and platform strains for constructing advanced cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Qitian Huang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Renhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Shian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Zhu H, Zhang J, Gao Q, Pang G, Sun T, Li R, Yu Z, Shen Q. A new atypical short-chain dehydrogenase is required for interfungal combat and conidiation in Trichoderma guizhouense. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5784-5801. [PMID: 33788384 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypocrealean Trichoderma are the most extensively studied facultative mycoparasites against phytopathogenic fungi. Aerial hyphae of Trichoderma guizhouense can rapidly proliferate over Fusarium oxysporum hyphae, cause sporadic cell death and arrest the growth of the host. The results of the present study demonstrated that a unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR), designated as TgSDR1, was expressed at a high level in T. guizhouense challenged by the hosts. Similar to other SDRs family members, the TgSDR1 protein contains a cofactor-binding motif and a catalytic site. The subcellular localization assay revealed that the TgSDR1::GFP fusion protein translocated to lipid droplets in mycelia and conidia. The data obtained using reverse genetic approach indicated that TgSDR1 is associated with antifungal ability, plays an important role in providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH and regulates the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism in T. guizhouense upon encountering a host. Moreover, the TgSDR1 deletion mutant was defective in conidiation. Thus, TgSDR1 functions as a key metabolic enzyme in T. guizhouense to regulate mycotrophic interactions, defence against other fungi, such as F. oxysporum, and conidiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Guan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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