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Li F, Jia M, Chen H, Chen M, Su R, Usman S, Ding Z, Hao L, Franco M, Guo X. Responses of microbial community composition and CAZymes encoding gene enrichment in ensiled Elymus nutans to altitudinal gradients in alpine region. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0098624. [PMID: 39324818 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00986-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput metagenomic sequence technology was employed to evaluate changes in microbial community composition and carbohydrate-active enzymes encoding gene enrichment status in Elymus nutans silages to altitudinal gradients in the world's highest alpine region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). E. nutans were collected from three different altitudes in QTP: 2,600 m (low altitude), 3600 m (moderate altitude), and 4,600 m [high (H) altitude], and ensiled for 7, 14, 30, and 60 d. Results indicated an improvement in silage quality with the increasing altitude, although the acetic acid concentration and dry matter loss were greater in H altitude silages after 30 d of ensiling. Harmful bacteria or potential pathogens predominated in the microbial community on d 7 and 14 of fermentation, while genera belonging to lactic acid bacteria gradually became the main microorganisms with the increasing altitude on d 30 and 60 of ensiling. The abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes genes responsible for macromolecular carbohydrate degradation in silage increased with increasing altitude, and those genes were mainly carried by Lactiplantibacillus and Pediococcus at 30 and 60 d of ensiling. The abundance of key enzymatic genes associated with glycolysis and organic acid production in carbohydrate metabolism pathway was higher in H altitude silages, and Lactiplantibacillus and Pediococcus were also the main hosts after 30 d of silage fermentation, except for the fact that acetic acid production was also related to genera Leuconostoc, Latilactobacillus, and Levilactobacillus. IMPORTANCE The fermentation quality of Elymus nutans silage was getting better with the increase of altitude in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The abundance of hosts carrying carbohydrate-active enzymes genes and key enzyme genes related to organic acid production increased with increasing altitude during the later stages of fermentation. Lactiplantibacillus and Pediococcus were the core microorganisms responsible for both polysaccharide hydrolysis and silage fermentation in the late stage of ensiling. This study provided insights on the influence of different altitudes on the composition and function of silage microbiome in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and provided a reference approach for improving the quality and controllability of silage production in high altitude areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengya Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Samaila Usman
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zitong Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Marcia Franco
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Xusheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Qiu C, Yang K, Diao X, Zhang W, Lv R, He L. Effects of kinds of additives on fermentation quality, nutrient content, aerobic stability, and microbial community of the mixed silage of king grass and rice straw. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1420022. [PMID: 38933036 PMCID: PMC11199393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1420022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of kinds of additives on silage quality, the mixture of king grass and rice straw was ensiled with addition of sucrose, citric acid and malic acid at the levels of 0, 1 and 2%, being blank control (CK), citric acid groups (CA1, CA2), malic acid groups (MA1, MA2), citric acid + malic acid groups (CM1, CM2), sucrose groups (SU1, SU2), mainly focusing on fermentation quality, nutrient content, aerobic stability and microbial community of the silages. The results showed that the addition of sucrose decreased (p < 0.05) pH and increased the content of water soluble carbohydrate (p < 0.05). The sucrose groups and mixed acid groups also had a lower (p < 0.01) neutral detergent fiber content. The addition of citric acid and the mixed acid increased (p < 0.01) the aerobic stability of the silage, reduced the abundance of Acinetobacter, and the addition of citric acid also increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus. It is inferred that citric acid and malic acid could influence fermentation quality by inhibiting harmful bacteria and improve aerobic stability, while sucrose influenced fermentation quality by by promoting the generation of lactic acid. It is suggested that the application of citric acid, malic acid and sucrose would achieve an improvement effect on fermentation quality of the mixed silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qiu
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaogao Diao
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liwen He
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Pu X, Zhang X, Yi S, Wang R, Li Q, Zhang W, Qu J, Huo J, Lin B, Tan B, Tan Z, Wang M. Mixed ensiling plus nitrate destroy fiber structure of rape straw, increase degradation, and reduce methanogenesis through in vitro ruminal fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3428-3436. [PMID: 38109283 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better utilization of rape straw can provide alternative strategies for sustainable ruminant and food production. The research reported here investigated changes in the carbohydrate composition of rape straw as a result of mixed ensiling with whole-crop corn or inoculated with nitrate, and the consequent effects on ruminal fermentation through in vitro batch culture. The three treatments included: rape straw and corn silage (RSTC), and ensiling treatment of rape straw with whole-crop corn (RSIC) or with calcium nitrate inoculation (RSICN). RESULTS Ensiling treatment of rape straw and whole-crop corn or plus nitrate enriched lactic acid bacteria and lactate. The treatments broke the fiber surface connections of rape straw, leading to higher neutral detergent soluble (NDS) content and lower fiber content. Ensiling treatments led to greater (P < 0.05) dry matter degradation (DMD), molar proportions of propionate and butyrate, relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Prevotella, and lower (P < 0.05) methane production in terms of g kg-1 DMD, molar proportions of acetate, and lower acetate to propionate ratio than the RSTC treatment. The RSICN treatment led to the lowest (P < 0.05) hydrogen concentration and methane production among the three treatments. CONCLUSION Ensiling treatments of rape straw and whole-crop corn destroy the micro-structure of rape straw, promote substrate degradation by enriching the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Prevotella, and decrease methane production by favoring propionate and butyrate production. Nitrate inoculation in the ensiling treatment of rape straw and whole-crop corn further decreases methane production without influencing substrate degradation by providing an additional hydrogen sink. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiushuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wanqian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajing Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiabin Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Su R, Liang Y, Chen H, Sheoran N, Ke W, Bai J, Jia M, Zhu J, Li Q, Liu Q, Chen X, Guo X. Investigating the efficacy of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 on oat silage fermentation at different temperatures. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14454. [PMID: 38568756 PMCID: PMC10990043 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75) alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fermentation characteristics, antioxidant capacities and microbial community successions of oat silage stored at various temperatures. A rapid decrease in pH and lactic acid accumulation was observed in silages treated with L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae (LS) as early as 3 days of ensiling (p < 0.05). Over the ensiling period of 7-60 days, L. plantarum (L)-inoculated groups showed the lowest pH, lowest ammonia nitrogen and the highest amount of lactic acid regardless of the storage temperatures. When the oat silage was stored at 15°C, LS-inoculated group exhibited a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than control and L-inoculated group. Furthermore, the proportion of Lactiplantibacillus in the combined inoculation group increased by 65.42% compared to the L-inoculated group (33.26%). Fungal community data revealed abundant Penicillium carneum in the control and L-inoculated groups stored at 15°C. Conclusively, these results showed that combined inoculation of L. plantarum L75 and S. cerevisiae improved the fermentation quality of oat silage at 15°C, thus proposing a technique for enhancing the fermentation quality of silage in regions with low temperatures during harvest season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Neha Sheoran
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal ScienceNingxia UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland ScienceGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mengya Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Anding DistrictDingxiChina
| | - Xusheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Probiotics and Life Health InstituteLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Wang S, Wang Y, Li J, Dong Z, Zhao J, Nazar M, Kaka NA, Shao T. Assessing the impact of phyllosphere microbiota on dynamics of in-silo fermentation of Italian ryegrass harvested at heading and blooming stages. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3272-3286. [PMID: 36810766 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) harvested at heading (H) [> 50% earing rate or 216 g kg-1 fresh weight (FW)] and blooming (B) (> 50% bloom or 254 g kg-1 FW) stages and in-silo fermentation products, and the composition, abundance, diversity and activity of bacterial community. In total, 72 (4 treatments × 6 ensiling durations × 3 replicates) laboratory scale (400 g) silages of Italian ryegrass were prepared: (i) irradiated heading stage silages (IRH) (n = 36) were inoculated with phyllosphere microbiota inoculum (2 mL) eluted from fresh Italian ryegrass at either heading (IH) (n = 18) or blooming (IB) (n = 18) stages; (ii) irradiated blooming stage silages (IRB) (n = 36) were inoculated with either IH (n = 18) or IB (n = 18). Triplicate silos of each treatment were analyzed after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of ensiling. RESULTS In fresh forage, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium and Pantoea were the three major genera at heading stage, and Rhizobium, Weissella and Lactococcus were the most abundant genera at blooming stage. Higher metabolic activity was found in IB. After 3 days of ensiling, the large amounts of lactic acid in IRH-IB and IRB-IB can be attributed to the higher abundances of Pediococcus and Lactobacillus, 1-phosphofructokinase, fructokinase, l-lactate dehydrogenase and glycolysis I, II and III. CONCLUSION The composition, abundance, diversity and functionality of the phyllosphere microbiota of Italian ryegrass at different growth stages could remarkably affect silage fermentation characteristics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Niaz Ali Kaka
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Nazar M, Kaka NA, Shao T. Influences of growth stage and ensiling time on fermentation profile, bacterial community compositions and their predicted functionality during ensiling of Italian ryegrass. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Guo X, Xu D, Li F, Bai J, Su R. Current approaches on the roles of lactic acid bacteria in crop silage. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:67-87. [PMID: 36468295 PMCID: PMC9803335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play pivotal roles in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops in spontaneous or inoculated silages. Highlights of silage LAB over the past decades include the discovery of the roles of LAB in silage bacterial communities and metabolism and the exploration of functional properties. The present article reviews published literature on the effects of LAB on the succession, structure, and functions of silage microbial communities involved in fermentation. Furthermore, the utility of functional LAB in silage preparation including feruloyl esterase-producing LAB, antimicrobial LAB, lactic acid bacteria with high antioxidant potential, pesticide-degrading LAB, lactic acid bacteria producing 1,2-propanediol, and low-temperature-tolerant LAB have been described. Compared with conventional LAB, functional LAB produce different effects; specifically, they positively affect animal performance, health, and product quality, among others. In addition, the metabolic profiles of ensiled forages show that plentiful probiotic metabolites with but not limited to antimicrobial, antioxidant, aromatic, and anti-inflammatory properties are observed in silage. Collectively, the current knowledge on the roles of LAB in crop silage indicates there are great opportunities to develop silage not only as a fermented feed but also as a vehicle of delivery of probiotic substances for animal health and welfare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Guo
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Xu
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fuhou Li
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Chen C, Xin Y, Li X, Ni H, Zeng T, Du Z, Guan H, Wu Y, Yang W, Cai Y, Yan Y. Effects of Acremonium cellulase and heat-resistant lactic acid bacteria on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community structure of hybrid elephant grass silage in humid and hot areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1066753. [PMID: 36478860 PMCID: PMC9719956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To better evaluate the effects of Acremonium cellulase (AC) and previously screened heat-resistant Lactobacillus plantarum 149 (LP149) on lignocellulose degradation, fermentation quality, and microbial community during ensiling in humid and hot areas, this study used a small-scale fermentation system to prepare hybrid elephant grass silage at 30 and 45°C, respectively. Compared to control and commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), the addition of AC or strain LP149 decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose and increased the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose during fermentation. Furthermore, AC and LP149 treatments altered the microbial communities' structure during ensiling. AC treatment provided more substrate for microbial fermentation, resulting in an increase in bacterial alpha diversity. LP149 treatment increased the Lactobacillus abundance and optimized the bacterial community compositions. In addition, AC and LP149 treatments had higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents and lower (P < 0.05) pH, butyric acid, and NH3-N levels compared to the control. These results indicated that AC and strain LP149 are promising silage additives that can promote lignocellulose degradation and improve the fermentation quality of hybrid elephant grass in humid and hot areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafen Xin
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Ni
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tairu Zeng
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaochang Du
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Forage Efficient Conversion and Utilization, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock and Environmental Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Effect of Storage Period on the Fermentation Profile and Bacterial Community of Silage Prepared with Alfalfa, Whole-Plant Corn and Their Mixture. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage time on the bacterial community and fermentation profile of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn, and their mixture. Fresh alfalfa and whole-plant corn were chopped and combined in fresh weight ratios of 1:0 (alfalfa, control), 0.8:0.2 (M1), 0.6:0.4 (M2), and 0:1 (corn). Three silos of each treatment were analyzed after 30, 60, and 90 d of storage. With storage time, pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen levels increased in alfalfa silage (p < 0.01), whereas lactic acid level decreased (p < 0.01). Compared to alfalfa silage, M1, M2, and corn silages were better fermented and more stable during storage. The dominant bacteria in M1, M2, and corn silages shifted significantly from L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and L. brevis to L. acetotolerans and L. buchneri during 30 to 60–90 d of storage, and storage time decreased the bacterial diversity of these silages. In conclusion, storage time significantly decreased the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage and remarkably optimized the bacterial community structure of well-fermented M1, M2, and corn silages. Alfalfa should be ensiled with at least 20% whole-plant corn to improve silage fermentation quality and storage stability.
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Time of Day for Harvest Affects the Fermentation Parameters, Bacterial Community, and Metabolic Characteristics of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid Silage. mSphere 2022; 7:e0016822. [PMID: 35862805 PMCID: PMC9429962 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00168-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the effects of time of day for harvest on the fermentation parameters, bacterial community, and metabolic characteristics of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSG) silage, SSG (vegetative stage) harvested at 7:00 (AM), 12:00 (M), and 17:00 (PM) on three sunny days were ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Compared to AM silage, M and PM silages were characterized by delayed fermentation, unnormal lower final pH, and lower acetic acid production. In addition, PM silage contained higher residual water-soluble carbohydrates than other silages. After 60 days of ensiling, AM silage was dominated by Lactobacillus, whereas the bacterial communities of M and PM silages were complex and mainly composed of bacteria such as Delftia, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Enhydrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus. The harvest time affected a wide range of metabolic pathways including "Metabolism" and "Cellular Processes" and "Organismal Systems" in SSG silage. Particularly, at the late stage of ensiling M silage exhibited highest relative abundances of amino acid metabolisms including "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism," "phenylalanine metabolism," and lowest relative abundances of "lysine biosynthesis." These results suggest that the time of day for harvest could affect the fermentation parameters, bacterial community, and metabolic characteristics of SSG silage. Better SSG silage characteristics could be achieved through morning harvest. IMPORTANCE Ensiling is a common way for preserving green forages worldwide. Silage fermentation quality can vary greatly depending on the chemical and microbial characteristics of forage crop being ensiled. It is well documented that forages exhibit considerable variations in chemical composition and epiphytic microbiota during daylight. However, the effects of the time of day for harvest on silage fermentation is less investigated. Our results demonstrate that the time of day for harvest could affect the fermentation parameters, bacterial community, and metabolic characteristics of SSG hybrid silage. Harvesting SSG late in the day delayed fermentation process, lowered acetic acid production and final pH, and increased the residual water-soluble carbohydrates content in silage. Moreover, the delayed harvest time increased the relative abundances of bacteria such as Delftia, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Acinetobacter, Enhydrobacter, and Bacillus, and amino acid metabolisms at the late stage of SSG ensiling. This study highlights the importance of diurnal changes in forage to fermentation characteristics, providing a strategy to improve silage quality through optimizing the harvest time.
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Xiong Y, Xu J, Guo L, Chen F, Jiang D, Lin Y, Guo C, Li X, Chen Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Effects of Different Bacteria Additives on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community and In Vitro Gas Production of Forage Oat Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091122. [PMID: 35565552 PMCID: PMC9100174 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Forage oat is an important feed resource in the world. Few studies on the application of different bacterial additives in forage oat silage have been found, which limits the utilization and promotion of oat silage in animal husbandry. In this study, we compared the fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of oat silage treated with four additives (Lactiplantibacillusplantarum F1,LP; Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillusparacasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP). The results show that compared to the CK group (without additives), the LR group had a higher dry matter content, while the LP group showed an improvement in fermentation quality. At the same time, the bacterial community in the LR group was also different from that in other groups. The treatments of PP and LC had no significant effects on fermentation quality, but the in vitro gas production was significantly reduced in the treated oat silage. These results could help us to optimize the utilization of forage oat silage in balanced ruminant diets. Abstract Bacterial inoculants are considered as a good choice for successful ensiling, playing a key role in improving the silage quality. However, the potential of different bacteria, especially the propionic acid bacteria, in forage oat ensiling is yet to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation effects of different bacterial additives on the fermentation quality of forage oat silage. Four additives (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F1, LP; Lacticaseibacillus 0rhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP; without additives, CK) were inoculated in forage oat silage, and the fermentation quality and organic compounds were determined after 60 days of ensiling. Notably, LR showed higher dry matter preservation compared to other additives and CK. In addition, LP and LR showed strong lactic acid synthesis capacity, resulting in lower pH compared to other additives and CK. The treatments of PP and LC increased the bacterial diversity in silage, while the bacterial community in the LR group was different from that in other groups. In addition, the PP- and LC-treated oat silage showed significantly lower total in vitro gas production and a lower methane content. These results suggest that LP is more favorable for producing high-quality oat silage than LR, LC, or PP. Both the PP- and LC- treated oat silage may reduce rumen greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Dedai Jiang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Chunze Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Donghan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Fuqing City, Fujian 350300, China;
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62733052
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Wen Fang Wu Wu J, Redondo-Solano M, Uribe L, WingChing-Jones R, Usaga J, Barboza N. First characterization of the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Costa Rican pineapple silages. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12437. [PMID: 34909269 PMCID: PMC8641478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agro-industrial waste from tropical environments could be an important source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic potential. Methods Twelve LAB isolates were isolated from pineapple silages. The species identification was carried out considering 16S rRNA and pheS genes. Experiments to evaluate the probiotic potential of the isolates included survival under simulated gastrointestinal environment, in vitro antagonistic activity (against Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes), auto-aggregation assays, antibiotic susceptibility, presence of plasmids, adhesiveness to epithelial cells, and antagonistic activity against Salmonella in HeLa cells. Results Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lentilactobacillus parafarraginis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Weissella ghanensis were identified. Survival of one of the isolates was 90% or higher after exposure to acidic conditions (pH: 2), six isolates showed at least 61% survival after exposure to bile salts. The three most promising isolates, based on survivability tests, showed a strong antagonistic effect against Salmonella. However, only L. paracasei_6714 showed a strong Listeria inhibition pattern; this isolate showed a good auto-aggregation ability, was resistant to some of the tested antibiotics but was not found to harbor plasmids; it also showed a high capacity for adhesion to epithelial cells and prevented the invasion of Salmonella in HeLa cells. After further in vivo evaluations, L. paracasei_6714 may be considered a probiotic candidate for food industry applications and may have promising performance in acidic products due to its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio Redondo-Solano
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET) and Food Microbiology Research and Training Laboratory (LIMA), College of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lidieth Uribe
- Agronomic Research Center (CIA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rodolfo WingChing-Jones
- Animal Science Department, Animal Nutrition Research Center (CINA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jessie Usaga
- National Center for Food Science and Technology (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Natalia Barboza
- Food Technology Department, National Center for Food Science and Technology (CITA), Center for Research in Cellular and Molecular Biology (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
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Effects of Malic Acid and Sucrose on the Fermentation Parameters, CNCPS Nitrogen Fractions, and Bacterial Community of Moringa oleifera Leaves Silage. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102102. [PMID: 34683423 PMCID: PMC8538485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of malic acid, sucrose, and their mixture on the fermentation parameters, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) nitrogen fractions, and bacterial community of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) silages. The trial was divided into four treatments and labeled as CON (control group) and MLA, SUC, and MIX (respectively denoting the addition of 1% malic acid, 1% sucrose, and 1% malic acid + 1% sucrose to the fresh weight basis). The silage packages were opened on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, 20th, and 40th days of ensiling for subsequent determination. Malic acid and sucrose increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05) and pH value, and the acetic acid contents of MLA and MIX were lower than those in CON (p < 0.05). Compared with sucrose, malic acid had a better capacity to preserve nutrients and inhibit proteolysis, and thus exerted better effects on the CNCPS nitrogen fractions. The results of 16S rRNA showed that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and that the dominant genera were Lactobacillus and Weissella. With the application of silage additives and the processing of fermentation, there was a remarkable change in the composition and function of the bacterial community. The variation of the fermentation parameters and CNCPS nitrogen fractions in the MOL silages caused by malic acid and sucrose might be attributed to the dynamic and dramatic changes of the bacterial community.
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