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Siller P, Skopeck B, Rosen K, Bartel A, Friese A, Rösler U. Impact of air humidity on the tenacity of different agents in bioaerosols. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297193. [PMID: 38277366 PMCID: PMC10817179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the variety of pathogens that are transmitted via the airborne route, few data are available on factors that influence the tenacity of airborne pathogens. In order to better understand and thus control airborne infections, knowledge of these factors is important. In this study, three agents, S. aureus, G. stearothermophilus spores and the MS2 bacteriophage, were aerosolized at relative humidities (RH) varying between 30% and 70%. Air samples were then analyzed to determine the concentration of the agents. S. aureus was found to have significantly lower survival rate in the aerosol at RH above 60%. It showed the lowest recovery rates of the three agents, ranging from 0.13% at approximately 70% RH to 4.39% at 30% RH. G. stearothermophilus spores showed the highest tenacity with recovery rates ranging from 41.85% to 61.73% with little effect of RH. For the MS2 bacteriophage, a significantly lower tenacity in the aerosol was observed with a recovery rate of 4.24% for intermediate RH of approximately 50%. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of the RH on the tenacity of airborne microorganisms depending on the specific agent. These data show that the behavior of microorganism in bioaerosols is varies under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siller
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research–TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Skopeck
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research–TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rosen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research–TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research–TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Rösler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research–TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Reissner J, Siller P, Bartel A, Roesler U, Friese A. Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22012. [PMID: 38086913 PMCID: PMC10716419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped respiratory viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. The stability of these viruses outside the host significantly impacts their transmission dynamics and the spread of diseases. In this study, we investigated the tenacity of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in aerosols and on surfaces under varying environmental conditions. We found that airborne FCoV showed different stability depending on relative humidity (RH), with higher stability observed at low and high RH. Medium RH conditions (50-60%) were associated with increased loss of infectivity. Furthermore, FCoV remained infectious in the airborne state over 7 h. On stainless-steel surfaces, FCoV remained infectious for several months, with stability influenced by organic material and temperature. The presence of yeast extract and a temperature of 4 °C resulted in the longest maintenance of infectivity, with a 5 log10 reduction of the initial concentration after 167 days. At 20 °C, this reduction was achieved after 19 days. These findings highlight the potential risk of aerosol and contact transmission of respiratory viruses, especially in enclosed environments, over extended periods. Studying surrogate viruses like FCoV provides important insights into the behavior of zoonotic viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Reissner
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul Siller
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department Veterinary Drugs, Mittelstraße 51-54, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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Behrens W, Kolte B, Junker V, Frentrup M, Dolsdorf C, Börger M, Jaleta M, Kabelitz T, Amon T, Werner D, Nübel U. Bacterial genome sequencing tracks the housefly-associated dispersal of fluoroquinolone- and cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from a pig farm. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36772962 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The regular use of antimicrobials in livestock production selects for antimicrobial resistance. The potential impact of this practice on human health needs to be studied in more detail, including the role of the environment for the persistence and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. During an investigation of a pig farm and its surroundings in Brandenburg, Germany, we detected abundant cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in pig faeces, sedimented dust, and house flies (Musca domestica). Genome sequencing of E. coli isolates revealed large phylogenetic diversity and plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes CTX-M-1 in multiple strains. [Correction added on 28 February 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, 'and TEM-1' was previously included but has been deleted in this version.] Close genomic relationships indicated frequent transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli between pigs from different herds and across buildings of the farm and suggested dust and flies as vectors for dissemination of faecal pathogens. Strikingly, we repeatedly recovered E. coli from flies collected up to 2 km away from the source, whose genome sequences were identical or closely related to those from pig faeces isolates, indicating the fly-associated transport of diverse ESBL-producing E. coli from the pig farm into urban habitation areas. The observed proximity of contaminated flies to human households poses a risk of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant enteric pathogens from livestock to man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Baban Kolte
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vera Junker
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martinique Frentrup
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Dolsdorf
- Teaching and Research Station for Animal Breeding and Husbandry (LVAT), Ruhlsdorf, Germany
| | - Maria Börger
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Megarsa Jaleta
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tina Kabelitz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
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Kabelitz T, Biniasch O, Ammon C, Nübel U, Thiel N, Janke D, Swaminathan S, Funk R, Münch S, Rösler U, Siller P, Amon B, Aarnink AJA, Amon T. Particulate matter emissions during field application of poultry manure - The influence of moisture content and treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146652. [PMID: 34030313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with industry and transportation, agriculture is one of the main sources of primary particulate matter (PM) emissions worldwide. Bioaerosol formation and PM release during livestock manure field application and the associated threats to environmental and human health are rarely investigated. In the temperate climate zone, field fertilization with manure seasonally contributes to local PM air pollution regularly twice per year (spring and autumn). Measurements in a wind tunnel, in the field and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze PM aerosolization during poultry manure application and the influence of manure moisture content and treatment. A positive correlation between manure dry matter content (DM) and PM release was observed. Therefore, treatments strongly increasing the DM of poultry manure should be avoided. However, high manure DM led to reduced microbial abundance and, therefore, to a lower risk of environmental pathogen dispersion. Considering the findings of PM and microbial measurements, the optimal poultry manure DM range for field fertilization was identified as 50-70%. Maximum PM10 concentrations of approx. 10 mg per m3 of air were measured during the spreading of dried manure (DM 80%), a concentration that is classified as strongly harmful. The modeling of PM aerosolization processes indicated a low health risk beyond a distance of 400 m from the manure application source. The detailed knowledge about PM aerosolization during manure field application was improved with this study, enabling manure management optimization for lower PM aerosolization and pathogenic release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kabelitz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Oliver Biniasch
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microbial Genome Research, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microbial Genome Research, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David Janke
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Senthilathiban Swaminathan
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roger Funk
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working group Landscape Pedology, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Münch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working group Landscape Pedology, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rösler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Siller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, ul. Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - André J A Aarnink
- Wageningen University and Research, Department Livestock and Environment, De Elst 1, 6708, WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Mori S, Ishiguro S, Miyazaki S, Okubo T, Omori R, Kai A, Sugiyama K, Kawashiro A, Sumi M, Thapa J, Nakamura S, Katoh C, Yamaguchi H. Usefulness of a 3D-printing air sampler for capturing live airborne bacteria and exploring the environmental factors that can influence bacterial dynamics. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103864. [PMID: 34273486 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We created a handmade 3D-printed air sampler to effectively collect live airborne bacteria, and determined which environmental factors influenced the bacteria. Bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) in the air samples (n=37) were monitored by recording the environmental changes occurring over time, then determining the presence/absence of correlations among such changes. The bacterial CFUs changed sharply and were significantly correlated with the DNA concentrations, indicating that the captured bacteria made up most of the airborne bacteria. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between the bacterial CFU values and some environmental factors (humidity, wind speed, insolation, and 24-h rainfall). Similarly the significant associations of CFU with humidity and wind speed were also found by multiple regression analysis with box-cox transformation. Among our panel of airborne bacteria (952 strains), 70 strains were identified as soil-derived Bacillus via the production of Escherichia coli- and Staphylococcus aureus-growth inhibiting antibiotics and by 16S rDNA typing. Soil-derived protozoa were also isolated from the air samples. We conclude that the airborne bacteria mainly derived from soil can alter in number according to environmental changes. Our sampler, which was created by easy-to-customize 3D printing, is a useful device for understanding the dynamics of live airborne bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaya Mori
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Sakura Ishiguro
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioresources Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Sugiyama
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Airi Kawashiro
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Masato Sumi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Chietsugu Katoh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Frentrup M, Thiel N, Junker V, Behrens W, Münch S, Siller P, Kabelitz T, Faust M, Indra A, Baumgartner S, Schepanski K, Amon T, Roesler U, Funk R, Nübel U. Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogen Clostridioides difficile. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7591-7602. [PMID: 33998128 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During a field experiment applying broiler manure for fertilization of agricultural land, we detected viable Clostridioides (also known as Clostridium) difficile in broiler faeces, manure, dust and fertilized soil. A large diversity of toxigenic C. difficile isolates was recovered, including PCR ribotypes common from human disease. Genomic relatedness of C. difficile isolates from dust and from soil, recovered more than 2 years after fertilization, traced their origins to the specific chicken farm that had delivered the manure. We present evidence of long-term contamination of agricultural soil with manure-derived C. difficile and demonstrate the potential for airborne dispersal of C. difficile through dust emissions during manure application. Clostridioides genome sequences virtually identical to those from manure had been recovered from chicken meat and from human infections in previous studies, suggesting broiler-associated C. difficile are capable of zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinique Frentrup
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vera Junker
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Münch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Kabelitz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Faust
- Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Indra
- AGES-Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria.,Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas Amon
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger Funk
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
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