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Dittmer J, Corretto E, Štarhová Serbina L, Michalik A, Nováková E, Schuler H. Division of labor within psyllids: metagenomics reveals an ancient dual endosymbiosis with metabolic complementarity in the genus Cacopsylla. mSystems 2023; 8:e0057823. [PMID: 37768069 PMCID: PMC10654072 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00578-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heritable beneficial bacterial endosymbionts have been crucial for the evolutionary success of numerous insects by enabling the exploitation of nutritionally limited food sources. Herein, we describe a previously unknown dual endosymbiosis in the psyllid genus Cacopsylla, consisting of the primary endosymbiont "Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" and a co-occurring Enterobacteriaceae bacterium for which we propose the name "Candidatus Psyllophila symbiotica." Its localization within the bacteriome and its small genome size confirm that Psyllophila is a co-primary endosymbiont widespread within the genus Cacopsylla. Despite its highly eroded genome, Psyllophila perfectly complements the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway that is incomplete in the co-occurring Carsonella. Moreover, the genome of Psyllophila is almost as small as Carsonella's, suggesting an ancient dual endosymbiosis that has now reached a precarious stage where any additional gene loss would make the system collapse. Hence, our results shed light on the dynamic interactions of psyllids and their endosymbionts over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- UMR 1345, Université d’Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Erika Corretto
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eva Nováková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Štarhová Serbina L, Corretto E, Enciso Garcia JS, Berta M, Giovanelli T, Dittmer J, Schuler H. Seasonal wild dance of dual endosymbionts in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16038. [PMID: 37749181 PMCID: PMC10519999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most sap-feeding insects maintain obligate relationships with endosymbiotic bacteria that provide their hosts with essential nutrients. However, knowledge about the dynamics of endosymbiont titers across seasons in natural host populations is scarce. Here, we used quantitative PCR to investigate the seasonal dynamics of the dual endosymbionts "Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" and "Ca. Psyllophila symbiotica" in a natural population of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae). Psyllid individuals were collected across an entire year, covering both summer and overwintering generations. Immatures harboured the highest titers of both endosymbionts, while the lowest endosymbiont density was observed in males. The density of Carsonella remained high and relatively stable across the vegetative period of the pear trees, but significantly dropped during the non-vegetative period, overlapping with C. pyricola's reproductive diapause. In contrast, the titer of Psyllophila was consistently higher than Carsonella's and exhibited fluctuations throughout the sampling year, which might be related to host age. Despite a tightly integrated metabolic complementarity between Carsonella and Psyllophila, our findings highlight differences in their density dynamics throughout the year, that might be linked to their metabolic roles at different life stages of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Erika Corretto
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Juan Sebastian Enciso Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michela Berta
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tobia Giovanelli
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- UMR 1345, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Cooper WR, Swisher Grimm KD, Angelella GM, Mustafa T. Acquisition and Transmission of ' Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Differs Among Wolbachia-Infected and -Uninfected Haplotypes of Bactericera cockerelli. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2440-2445. [PMID: 36691279 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2701-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) causes disease symptoms and economic losses in potato, tomato, and other solanaceous crops in North America. Lso is transmitted to plants by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, which occurs as distinct haplotypes named western, central, and northwestern that differ in the presence or absence of the bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia. Previous work showed that all three vector haplotypes can transmit Lso, but it was not clear whether acquisition and transmission rates of Lso were equal among the haplotypes. The goal of our study was to compare Lso infection rates among psyllids of the western, central, and northwestern haplotypes. Using data collected from several years of periodic testing of Lso infection of laboratory-reared potato psyllid colonies, we showed that psyllids of the western and central haplotypes are more likely to harbor Lso than are psyllids of the northwestern haplotype. We then used greenhouse assays to demonstrate that psyllids of the northwestern haplotype are less likely to acquire and transmit Lso than those of the western haplotype. Lso infection rates corresponded with Wolbachia infection among the three psyllid haplotypes. The Wolbachia-infected central and western haplotypes were more likely to harbor and transmit Lso than the Wolbachia-free northwestern haplotype. Results demonstrate that potato psyllids of the western and central haplotypes pose a greater risk for spread of Lso in crops and suggest a pattern between infection with Lso and Wolbachia in potato psyllid.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rodney Cooper
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA, U.S.A
| | | | - Gina M Angelella
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA, U.S.A
| | - Tariq Mustafa
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub Campus Depalpur, Okara, Pakistan
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Cooper WR, Walker WB, Angelella GM, Swisher Grimm KD, Foutz JJ, Harper SJ, Nottingham LB, Northfield TD, Wohleb CH, Strausbaugh CA. Bacterial Endosymbionts Identified From Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Vectors of Phytoplasmas. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:243-253. [PMID: 36869841 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects often harbor bacterial endosymbionts that provide them with nutritional benefit or with protection against natural enemies, plant defenses, insecticides, and abiotic stresses. Certain endosymbionts may also alter acquisition and transmission of plant pathogens by insect vectors. We identified bacterial endosymbionts from four leafhopper vectors (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species by direct sequencing 16S rDNA and confirmed endosymbiont presence and identity by species-specific conventional PCR. We examined three vectors of Ca. Phytoplasma pruni, causal agent of cherry X-disease [Colladonus geminatus (Van Duzee), Colladonus montanus reductus (Van Duzee), Euscelidius variegatus (Kirschbaum)] - and a vector of Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii, the causal agent of potato purple top disease [Circulifer tenellus (Baker)]. Direct sequencing of 16S identified the two obligate endosymbionts of leafhoppers, 'Ca. Sulcia' and 'Ca. Nasuia', which are known to produce essential amino acids lacking in the leafhoppers' phloem sap diet. About 57% of C. geminatus also harbored endosymbiotic Rickettsia. We identified 'Ca. Yamatotoia cicadellidicola' in Euscelidius variegatus, providing just the second host record for this endosymbiont. Circulifer tenellus harbored the facultative endosymbiont Wolbachia, although the average infection rate was only 13% and all males were Wolbachia-uninfected. A significantly greater percentage of Wolbachia-infected Ci. tenellus adults than uninfected adults carried Ca. P. trifolii, suggesting that Wolbachia may increase this insect's ability to tolerate or acquire this pathogen. Results of our study provide a foundation for continued work on interactions between leafhoppers, bacterial endosymbionts, and phytoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rodney Cooper
- USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - William B Walker
- USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - Gina M Angelella
- USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - Kylie D Swisher Grimm
- USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
| | - Jillian J Foutz
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN Building, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Scott J Harper
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Education Center, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Louis B Nottingham
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Tobin D Northfield
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Carrie H Wohleb
- Washington State University Extension, 1525 E. Wheeler Road, Moses Lake, WA 98837, USA
| | - Carl A Strausbaugh
- USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA
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Štarhová Serbina L, Gajski D, Pafčo B, Zurek L, Malenovský I, Nováková E, Schuler H, Dittmer J. Microbiome of pear psyllids: A tale about closely related species sharing their endosymbionts. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5788-5808. [PMID: 36054322 PMCID: PMC10086859 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psyllids are phloem-feeding insects that can transmit plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas, intracellular bacteria causing numerous plant diseases worldwide. Their microbiomes are essential for insect physiology and may also influence the capacity of vectors to transmit pathogens. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we compared the microbiomes of three sympatric psyllid species associated with pear trees in Central Europe. All three species are able to transmit 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', albeit with different efficiencies. Our results revealed potential relationships between insect biology and microbiome composition that varied during psyllid ontogeny and between generations in Cacopsylla pyri and C. pyricola, as well as between localities in C. pyri. In contrast, no variations related to psyllid life cycle and geography were detected in C. pyrisuga. In addition to the primary endosymbiont Carsonella ruddii, we detected another highly abundant endosymbiont (unclassified Enterobacteriaceae). C. pyri and C. pyricola shared the same taxon of Enterobacteriaceae which is related to endosymbionts harboured by other psyllid species from various families. In contrast, C. pyrisuga carried a different Enterobacteriaceae taxon related to the genus Sodalis. Our study provides new insights into host-symbiont interactions in psyllids and highlights the importance of host biology and geography in shaping microbiome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Štarhová Serbina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Domagoj Gajski
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics/CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Nováková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Schuler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Université d'Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR Quasav, Angers, France
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