|
1
|
Achigar R, Scarrone M, Rousseau GM, Philippe C, Machado F, Duvós V, Campot MP, Dion MB, Shao Y, Pianzzola MJ, Moineau S. Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR3 Array. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030512. [PMID: 33804420 PMCID: PMC7999890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus relies heavily on two type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR1 and CRISPR3, to resist siphophage infections. One hallmark of these systems is the integration of a new spacer at the 5' end of the CRISPR arrays following phage infection. However, we have previously shown that ectopic acquisition of spacers can occur within the CRISPR1 array. Here, we present evidence of the acquisition of new spacers within the array of CRISPR3 of S. thermophilus. The analysis of randomly selected bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of the strain Uy01 obtained after phage infection, as well as the comparison with other S. thermophilus strains with similar CRISPR3 content, showed that a specific spacer within the array could be responsible for misguiding the adaptation complex. These results also indicate that while the vast majority of new spacers are added at the 5' end of the CRISPR array, ectopic spacer acquisition is a common feature of both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems in S. thermophilus, and it can still provide phage resistance. Ectopic spacer acquisition also appears to have occurred naturally in some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, suggesting that it is a general phenomenon, at least in type II-A systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Achigar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay; (R.A.); (F.M.); (V.D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Martina Scarrone
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
| | - Geneviève M. Rousseau
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Felipe Machado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay; (R.A.); (F.M.); (V.D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Valentina Duvós
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay; (R.A.); (F.M.); (V.D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - María Pía Campot
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay; (R.A.); (F.M.); (V.D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Moïra B. Dion
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yuyu Shao
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - María Julia Pianzzola
- Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (C.P.); (M.B.D.); (Y.S.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-656-3712
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Ban O, Oh S, Park C, Bang WY, Lee BS, Yang S, Chae SA, Jung YH, Yang J. Safety assessment of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 used for product manufacturing in Korea. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6269-6274. [PMID: 33282276 PMCID: PMC7684611 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety evaluation of probiotics has become increasingly important for human consumption in food industry. The aims of this study were to assess safety of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 through in vitro and in vivo tests. In results, this strain was found to be negative for hemolytic and β-glucuronidase activity. In addition, thermophilus IDCC 2201 was susceptible to nine antibiotics suggested by EFSA. In accordance with MIC tests, whole-genome analysis indicated that S. thermophilus IDCC 2201 neither harbors antibiotic resistance nor toxigenic genes. Furthermore, none of the biogenic amines including tyramine and histamine was produced and negligible amounts of D-lactate were produced by S. thermophilus IDCC 2201. Finally, it was confirmed that there was no mortality and toxicity throughout single-dose oral toxicity tests in rats. Therefore, we report that S. thermophilus IDCC 2201 is considered to be safe for human consumption as probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangki Oh
- Ildong BioscienceGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | | | - Won Yeong Bang
- School of Food Science and BiotechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Bo Som Lee
- School of Food Science and BiotechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and BiotechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
- Institute of Fermentation BiotechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|