1
|
Zheng S, Wang J, Luo K, Gu X, Yuan G, Wei M, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Dai J, Zhang K. Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5103-5116. [PMID: 38445973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting materials (OLEMs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been detected in various environment samples. However, limited information is available regarding their contamination within the human body. Here, we developed a novel QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method coupled with triple quadrupole/high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine OLEMs in breast milk samples, employing both target and suspect screening strategies. Our analysis uncovered the presence of seven out of the 39 targeted OLEMs in breast milk samples, comprising five liquid crystal monomers and two OLEMs commonly used in organic light-emitting diode displays. The cumulative concentrations of the seven OLEMs in each breast milk sample ranged from ND to 1.67 × 103 ng/g lipid weight, with a mean and median concentration of 78.76 and 0.71 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, which were higher compared to that of typical organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) rates of OLEMs for infants aged 0-12 months, and the mean EDI rates during lactation were estimated to range from 30.37 to 54.89 ng/kg bw/day. Employing a suspect screening approach, we additionally identified 66 potential OLEMs, and two of them, cholesteryl hydrogen phthalate and cholesteryl benzoate, were further confirmed using pure reference standards. These two substances belong to cholesteric liquid crystal materials and raise concerns about potential endocrine-disrupting effects, as indicated by in silico predictive models. Overall, our present study established a robust method for the identification of OLEMs in breast milk samples, shedding light on their presence in the human body. These findings indicate human exposure to OLEMs that should be further investigated, including their health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingsheng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guanxiang Yuan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meiting Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vali Mohammadi F, Qajarbeygi P, Shariatifar N, Mahmoudi R, Arabameri M. Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls in different high consumption canned foods, using the QuEChERS/GC-MS method. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100957. [PMID: 38144719 PMCID: PMC10740129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic pollutants containing chlorine, which can be carcinogenic to humans. The current research focused on the heart risk and determination of PCBs levels in canned foods using the modified QuEChERS (fast, easy, cheap, effective, resistant and safe) method and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. In this study, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification), and recovery ranged from 0.06 to 0.32, 0.18 to 1.07 ng/g, and 97.05 to 102.5 %, respectively. In canned foods, the highest median of PCBs was PCB 52 (0.27 ± 0.20 ng/g fat) and the lowest median were PCB 28 and 138 (not detected in samples). Also, the maximum median of PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180 were detected in eggplant samples (0.06 ng/g), haricot samples (0.49 ng/g), eggplant samples (0.36 ng/g), eggplant samples (0.19 ng/g), eggplant samples (0.11 ng/g) and lentiform samples (0.66 ng/g), respectively. The median PCBs levels of oral exposure were estimated to be in the range of 9.80E-07to 4.30E-05 ng/g.d for all population groups, which were meaningfully lesser than the Tolerable daily intake value. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) outcomes indicated that the rank order of PCBs in adults based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was Lentiform (7.05E-8) > canned fish (5.73E-8) > Eggplant (5.38E-8) > Haricot (4.33E-8) > pasta source (2.06E-8); and in children was Lentiform (3.40E-7) > canned fish (2.72E-7) > Eggplant (2.44E-7) > Haricot (2.06E-7) > pasta source (9.83E-8). The median values of the ILCR induced oral exposure for all groups were within safe limits (lower than 10-6). The heat map and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different contributions of PCBs profile in samples as the PCA axis scores were correlated with the type of cans. Based on the obtained outcomes, it can be concluded that the PCBs of canned food do not potential health risks to Iranian consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vali Mohammadi
- Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Peyman Qajarbeygi
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharifiarab G, Ahmadi M, Shariatifar N, Ariaii P. Investigating the effect of type of fish and different cooking methods on the residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Iranian fish: A health risk assessment. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100789. [PMID: 37780318 PMCID: PMC10534125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the level of PAHs and associated health risks in different types of fish cooked with different methods, using the MSPE-GC/MS technique (magnetic solid phase extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs) and recovery percentages ranged from 0.1 to 0.63 μg/kg, 0.3-1.89 μg/kg, and 93.7 to 102.6%, respectively. The results showed that the mean of ƩPAHs in all samples was 20.31 ± 6.60 µg/kg. Additionally, PAH4 and BaP levels in all samples were 4.58 ± 1.40 and 1.08 ± 0.36 µg/kg, respectively, which were below the European Union (EU) standard level (12 and 2 µg/kg, respectively). The results showed that among 5 types of fish, starry sturgeon had highest average total PAHs (13.24 ± 1.84 µg/kg), while Caspian Sea sprat had the lowest average total PAHs (1.24 ± 0.8 µg/kg). In terms of cooking methods (charcoal-grilled fish, fried fish and oven-grilled fish), charcoal-grilled fish had the highest average total PAH level at 25.41 ± 7.31 µg/kg, while the lowest average total PAH was found in the raw fish sample at 16.44 ± 4.63 µg/kg. The Monte Carlo Simulation was used to determine the 95% ILCRs (Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk) due to ingestion of fish. The results showed that the ILCR for adults was 2.85E-9, while for children it was 1.32E-8. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that the consumption of fish cooked with different methods does not pose a risk to human health in terms of the amount of PAHs (ILCR < 1 × 10-4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamali Sharifiarab
- Department of Food Hygiene, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Ariaii
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad Uneversity, Amol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peivasteh-roudsari L, Barzegar-bafrouei R, Sharifi KA, Azimisalim S, Karami M, Abedinzadeh S, Asadinezhad S, Tajdar-oranj B, Mahdavi V, Alizadeh AM, Sadighara P, Ferrante M, Conti GO, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18140. [PMID: 37539203 PMCID: PMC10395372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shamimeh Azimisalim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Karami
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Abedinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asadinezhad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-oranj
- Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Determination of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) along with probabilistic health risk assessment in fruit juice samples in Tehran, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44833-44844. [PMID: 36701052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique were used to measure 6 PAE in fruit juice samples. The mean of total phthalic acid esters (ƩPAEs) in all samples was 3.55 ± 0.66 µg/L. The mean concentration of DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in samples was 0.82 ± 0.31 µg/L, which was lower than the mentioned United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level in drinking water (6 μg/L for DEHP). The pineapple juice samples (4.44 ± 0.57 µg/L) and mango juice samples (2.77 ± 0. 1 µg/L) had maximum and minimum mean levels of ƩPAEs, respectively. Also, results showed that brand B (3.76 ± 0.87 µg/L) and samples in the time of expiration date (3.64 ± 0.72 µg/L) had the highest PAE levels. The rank order Chronic Daily Intake (95%) values for adults were DEHP ([Formula: see text]) > butylbenzyl phthalates (BBP) ([Formula: see text]) > diethyl phthalate (DEP) ([Formula: see text]) and for children were DEHP ([Formula: see text]) > BBP (9.07E-04) > DEP ([Formula: see text]), which were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. The noncancer risk of PAEs based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) was acceptable (< 1). The results exhibited that the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was below the permissible limit (< [Formula: see text]). Therefore, the risk of carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity of PAEs in juices does not have adverse effects on human health.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shariatifar N, Maftahi M, Tooryan F, Arabameri M. Concentration and probabilistic health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls in cheese samples collected from Tehran, Iran. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahtab Maftahi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran
| | - Fahimeh Tooryan
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Amol University of Special Modern Technologies Amol Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt) Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shahsavari S, Shariatifar N, Arabameri M, Mahmoudi R, Moazzen M, Ghajarbeygi P. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in cream and ice cream using modified QuEChERS extraction and GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shahsavari
- Health Products Safety Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences QazvinIran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistical, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education TehranIran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences QazvinIran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Peyman Ghajarbeygi
- Health Products Safety Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moazzen M, Shariatifar N, Arabameri M, Hosseini H, Ahmadloo M. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:833158. [PMID: 35252309 PMCID: PMC8891379 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.833158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Baby food is one of the most sensitive foods available, which is closely monitored for carcinogens. In this study, 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were evaluated by using the method of magnetic-solid-phase-extraction and gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (MSPE/GC-MS). The recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of PAH compounds were 93.4–101.6%, 0.06–1.12, and 0.18–3.38 μg/kg, respectively. The results indicated the mean of total PAHs in all samples was 3.73 ± 0.8 μg/kg, and the mean of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was 0.29 ± 0.14 μg/kg that were lower than the USA-Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level (1 μg/kg, BaP in baby foods). In addition, our results showed that mixed five cereal-based baby food had a maximum mean of ΣPAHs (5.06 ± 0.68 μg/kg) and mixed wheat and date-based baby food had a minimum mean of ΣPAHs (3.03 ± 0.41 μg/kg). The carcinogenic risk due to PAH in the tested baby foods sold in Iran was adequately low, and all examined products were safe for consumers. Therefore, it can be said that the consumption of baby foods does not pose a threat to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Food Technology Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Nabi Shariatifar
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahmadloo
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|