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Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ofZiziphus jujubaMills. Phytother Res 2017; 31:347-365. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit; 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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Effect of Saw Palmetto Supplements on Androgen-Sensitive LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Number and Syrian Hamster Flank Organ Growth. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8135135. [PMID: 27272436 PMCID: PMC4870347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8135135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Saw palmetto supplements (SPS) are commonly consumed by men with prostate cancer. We investigated whether SPS fatty acids and phytosterols concentrations determine their growth-inhibitory action in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells and hamster flank organs. High long-chain fatty acids-low phytosterols (HLLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM with testosterone significantly increased and ≥500 nM with dihydrotestosterone significantly decreased LNCaP cell number. High long-chain fatty acids-high phytosterols (HLHP) SPS ≥ 500 nM with dihydrotestosterone and high medium-chain fatty acids-low phytosterols (HMLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM or with androgens significantly decreased LNCaP cell number (n = 3; p < 0.05). Five- to six-week-old, castrated male Syrian hamsters were randomized to control (n = 4), HLLP, HLHP, and HMLP SPS (n = 6) groups. Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone was applied topically daily for 21 days to the right flank organ; the left flank organ was treated with ethanol and served as the control. Thirty minutes later, SPS or ethanol was applied to each flank organ in treatment and control groups, respectively. SPS treatments caused a notable but nonsignificant reduction in the difference between left and right flank organ growth in testosterone-treated SPS groups compared to the control. The same level of inhibition was not seen in dihydrotestosterone-treated SPS groups (p < 0.05). Results may suggest that SPS inhibit 5α-reductase thereby preventing hamster flank organ growth.
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Fatty acid and phytosterol content of commercial saw palmetto supplements. Nutrients 2013; 5:3617-33. [PMID: 24067389 PMCID: PMC3798925 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Saw palmetto supplements are one of the most commonly consumed supplements by men with prostate cancer and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Some studies have found significant improvements in BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with saw palmetto supplementation, whereas others found no benefits. The variation in the efficacy in these trials may be a result of differences in the putative active components, fatty acids and phytosterols, of the saw palmetto supplements. To this end, we quantified the major fatty acids (laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate) and phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol) in 20 commercially available saw palmetto supplements using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Samples were classified into liquids, powders, dried berries, and tinctures. Liquid saw palmetto supplements contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total fatty acids (908.5 mg/g), individual fatty acids, total phytosterols (2.04 mg/g), and individual phytosterols, than the other supplement categories. Powders contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total fatty acids than tinctures, which contain negligible amounts of fatty acids (46.3 mg/g) and phytosterols (0.10 mg/g). Our findings suggest that liquid saw palmetto supplements may be the best choice for individuals who want to take a saw palmetto supplement with the highest concentrations of both fatty acids and phytosterols.
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Derouiche A, Jafri A, Driouch I, Khasmi ME, Adlouni A, Benajiba N, Bamou Y, Saile R, Benouhoud M. Effect of Argan and Olive Oil Consumption on the Hormonal Profile of Androgens Among Healthy Adult Moroccan Men. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of virgin argan oil (VAO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVO) on the hormonal profile of androgens and anthropometric parameters among healthy adult Moroccan men during a controlled nutritional intervention. The study was carried out on 60 young and healthy male volunteers aged between 23 and 40 years old. During a stabilization period of 2 weeks they consumed butter. The group was then randomized into two categories, the first one consuming VAO and the second EVO for 3 weeks. Testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) serum concentrations were measured at the beginning of the study and at the end of each period. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups (VAO and EVO) during each step of the study. Differences in androgens and anthropometric parameters between the baseline and after 3 weeks of the diet in the VAO and EVO groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. T and LH serum concentrations significantly increased after the intervention period. T levels increased by 19.9% and 17.4% (p < 0.0001), and LH levels by 18.5% (p < 0.007) and 42.6% ( p < 0.0001), respectively, for VAO and EVO ( p < 0.0001). However, DHEAS serum concentrations, body weight, body mass index, arterial pressure and daily energetic intake did not show any significant variation after the intervention with either argan or olive oils. The results suggest that consumption of AVO and EVO might be the origin of a positive action on the androgen hormonal profile of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfettah Derouiche
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ali Jafri
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Issam Driouch
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Khasmi
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Adlouni
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | - Rachid Saile
- Université Hassan II Mohammedia Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose (URAC 34), Casablanca, Morocco
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Suphrom N, Pumthong G, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Limpeanchob N, Ingkaninan K. Anti-androgenic effect of sesquiterpenes isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:864-71. [PMID: 22465508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six sesquiterpenes: germacrone (1), zederone (2), dehydrocurdione (3), curcumenol (4), zedoarondiol (5) and isocurcumenol (6) were isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae). They inhibited 5α-reductase which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Germacrone (1) was the most potent (IC(50)=0.42±0.05 mg/mL). Compound 1 was anti-androgenic in LNCaP cells when proliferation was testosterone-induced. The growth of flank gland of male Syrian hamsters is dependent on circulating androgen and when maintained with testosterone, 1 (3, 30, 100μg) inhibited growth but was ineffective against DHT. The similar activity profile was observed on the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride (100 μg) treatment group. The androgen receptor binding assay showed that 1 did not bind to the androgen receptor. In conclusion, 1 showed anti-androgenic effect on in vitro and in vivo assays. One of the possible mechanisms was inhibition 5α-reductase activity. Thus, 1 is a potential lead compound for treatment of androgen-dependent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Yoon JI, Al-Reza SM, Kang SC. Hair growth promoting effect of Zizyphus jujuba essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1350-4. [PMID: 20206225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of essential oil from seeds of Zizyphus jujuba for its potential role on hair growth by in vivo method. Essential oil was applied at different concentrations (0.1%, 1% and 10%) over the shaved skin onto the backs of BALB/c mice and monitored for 21 days. After 21 days, mice treated with 1% and 10% of oil produced a greater effect on the length of hair which were measured to be 9.96 and 10.02 mm, respectively, as compared to the control (8.94 mm). We measured the weight of hair/cm(2) area of dorsal skin and also evaluated hair thickness and hair follicles microscopically after plucking the hair immediately from the shaved area of mice and found the best results for 1% of essential oil-treated mice. From this study, it is concluded that Z. jujuba essential oil possesses hair growth promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung In Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Some botanical compounds are considered useful to reduce sebum production. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of a sebum control cream containing polyphenol-rich extract from saw palmetto, sesame seeds, and argan oil in subjects with oily facial skin. METHODS The study was carried out during the winter months (January and February). A total of 20 healthy volunteers (9 male and 11 female, aged 17-50 years, 16 with oily skin and 4 with combined skin) were studied. The test product was applied twice daily to the face for a period of 4 weeks. A clinical assessment and instrumental measurements were done before and after the treatment period. Casual sebum level on the forehead and both cheeks was determined with a photometric device (Sebumeter). The quantity of sebum on the midforehead was determined using sebum collector foils (Sebufix), which were then evaluated with skin camera Visioscope and software SELS (Surface Evaluation of the Living Skin). A subjective evaluation questionnaire regarding the cosmetic characteristics, tolerance, and efficacy of the product was filled out by the volunteers at the end of study. RESULTS The product was very well accepted by all the volunteers. A visible sebum-regulating efficacy was reported in 95% of them. After 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical assessment scores decreased by 33%. There was a significant reduction in the casual sebum level by 20% and area covered with oily spots by 42%. The number of active sebaceous glands remained unaltered. CONCLUSION These results objectively and quantitatively show the efficacy of the sebum control cream tested to reduce the greasiness and improve the appearance of oily facial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Dobrev
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Pham H, Banerjee T, Nalbandian GM, Ziboh VA. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma by 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid parallels growth suppression of androgen-dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2003; 189:17-25. [PMID: 12445673 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and its 15-lipoxygenase metabolite, 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE), have been reported to exert antiproliferative activities in other systems, their role in prostatic carcinogenesis is unknown. To evolve a possible mechanism for the suppressive effect on growth of prostatic cells, we incubated GLA and 15S-HETrE with androgen-dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. 15S-HETrE but not GLA markedly inhibited [(3)H]thymidine uptake in parallel with the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression (a growth modulating nuclear receptor). The data, taken together, suggest that dietary GLA via its in vivo metabolite 15S-HETrE could serve as an endogenous adjunct to attenuate prostatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pham
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California--Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Chen W, Thiboutot D, Zouboulis CC. Cutaneous androgen metabolism: basic research and clinical perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119:992-1007. [PMID: 12445184 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin, especially the pilosebaceous unit composed of sebaceous glands and hair follicles, can synthesize androgens de novo from cholesterol or by locally converting circulating weaker androgens to more potent ones. As in other classical steroidogenic organs, the same six major enzyme systems are involved in cutaneous androgen metabolism, namely steroid sulfatase, 3beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroid 5alpha-reductase, 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase. Steroid sulfatase, together with P450 side chain cleavage enzyme and P450 17-hydroxylase, was found to reside in the cytoplasm of sebocytes and keratinocytes. Strong steroid sulfatase immunoreactivity was observed in the lesional skin but not in unaffected skin of acne patients. 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has been mainly immunolocalized to sebaceous glands, with the type 1 being the key cutaneous isoenzyme. The type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme predominates in sebaceous glands and exhibits greater reductive activity in glands from facial areas compared with acne nonprone areas. In hair follicles, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was identified mainly in outer root sheath cells. The type 1 5alpha-reductase mainly occurs in the sebaceous glands, whereby the type II isoenzyme seems to be localized in the hair follicles. 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase converts dihydrotestosterone to 3alpha-androstanediol, and the use of 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide serum level to reflect the hyperandrogenic state in hirsute women may be a reliable parameter, especially for idiopathic hirsutism. In acne patients it is still controversial if 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide or androsterone glucuronide could serve as suitable serum markers for measuring androgenicity. Aromatase, localized to sebaceous glands and to both outer as well as inner root sheath cells of anagen terminal hair follicles, may play a "detoxifying" role by removing excess androgens. Pharmacologic development of more potent specific isoenzyme antagonists may lead to better clinical treatment or even prevention of androgen-dependent dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenChieh Chen
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Matsuda H, Yamazaki M, Naruo S, Asanuma Y, Kubo M. Anti-androgenic and hair growth promoting activities of Lygodii spora (spore of Lygodium japonicum) I. Active constituents inhibiting testosterone 5alpha-reductase. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:622-6. [PMID: 12033503 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous ethanol extract of Lygodii Spora (spore of Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.) showed in vitro testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-androgenic activity using growth of flank organ in castrated Syrian hamsters and hair regrowth after shaving in testosterone-treated C57Black/6CrSlc mice. From the lipophilic constituents of Lygodii Spora, oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were identified as the main active principles inhibiting testosterone 5alpha-reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Liao S, Kao YH, Hiipakka RA. Green tea: biochemical and biological basis for health benefits. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2001; 62:1-94. [PMID: 11345896 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(01)62001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liao
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Matsuda H, Yamazaki M, Matsuo K, Asanuma Y, Kubo M. Anti-androgenic activity of Myricae Cortex--isolation of active constituents from bark of Myrica rubra. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:259-63. [PMID: 11256481 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous ethanol extract of Myricae Cortex (bark of Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Myricaceae) showed in vitro testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-androgenic activity using growth of flank organ in castrated Syrian hamsters and/or hair regrowth after shaving in testosterone-treated C57Black/6CrSlc mice. Three constituents, myricanone, myricanol, and myricetin were identified as the main active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Burkhart CG, Butcher C, Burkhart CN, Lehmann P. Effects of benzoyl peroxide on lipogenesis in sebaceous glands using an animal model. J Cutan Med Surg 2000; 4:138-41. [PMID: 11003718 DOI: 10.1177/120347540000400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzoyl peroxide is the most widely used topical agent for acne since the 1960s. Concomitant treatment of benzoyl peroxide with oral, or topical antibiotics diminishes the multiplication of antibiotic-resistant strains of Propionibacteria acnes. Besides being antibacterial, the chemical also functions as a peeling agent, has comedolytic activity, reduces free fatty acid levels, and is touted to be sebosuppressive. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the ability of topically applied benzoyl peroxide to suppress lipogenesis of the sebaceous glands. METHODS The data were obtained employing an animal model for human sebaceous glands, namely, the flank organs of female golden Syrian hamsters. RESULTS Our results reveal no inhibition of lipogenesis in sebaceous glands by topical application of benzoyl peroxide. CONCLUSION Despite many functions beneficial in acne therapy, benzoyl peroxide does not possess sebosuppressive capabilities. With the advent of water-soluble organic peroxides revealing similar antimicrobial activity to benzoyl peroxide, all therapeutic parameters (save for sebosuppression) will need to be assessed to weigh the benefits of these second-generation acne-fighting peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Burkhart
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio at Toledo, OH, USA
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Kokontis JM, Liao S. Molecular action of androgen in the normal and neoplastic prostate. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1999; 55:219-307. [PMID: 9949683 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Kokontis
- Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abstract
Androgens affect the growth and development of a wide variety of cell types in both males and females and produce their effects by binding to androgen receptors, which modulate the transcription of specific genes. Testosterone is the major active androgen circulating in blood, but in many tissues it is metabolized by 5alpha-reductase to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, which binds to and activates the androgen receptor. Androgen receptors are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, and these nuclear receptors control transcription by recruitment of a variety of co-activators and co-repressors. Mutations in the androgen receptor and 5alpha-reductase can affect male sexual development. 5alpha-Reductase is also critical for parturition and fetal survival in mice. Inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase are being used increasingly to treat some androgen-dependent disorders. Because androgens also suppress the growth of certain cancer cells, they might also have a role in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hiipakka
- Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, MC6027, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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