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Vanden Oever M, Muldoon D, Mathews W, Tolar J. Fludarabine modulates expression of type VII collagen during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2020; 185:380-390. [PMID: 33368156 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe, complicated inherited blistering skin disease with few treatment options currently available. Recently, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has been used as an alternative therapy that can improve skin integrity, but it is not known if the preparative HCT regimen also contributes to the therapeutic response. OBJECTIVES To determine whether chemotherapy drugs used in the HCT preparative regimen influence type VII collagen (C7) expression, which is inherently reduced or absent in RDEB skin, and to explore the pathomechanisms of such responses, if present. METHODS Drugs from the HCT preparative regimen (busulfan, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin A, fludarabine and mycophenolate) with inhibitors (PD98059, U0126, LY294002, SR11302, SIS3 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine) were added to normal human dermal and human RDEB fibroblasts. C7 expression was measured using reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. RESULTS We uncovered a previously unknown consequence of fludarabine whereby dermal fibroblasts exposed to fludarabine upregulate C7. This effect is mediated, in part, through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor-β pathways. Activation of these pathways leads to activation of downstream transcription factors, including activator protein 1 (AP-1) and SMAD. Subsequently, both AP-1 and SMAD bind the COL7A1 promoter and increase COL7A1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Fludarabine influences the production of type VII collagen in RDEB fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanden Oever
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D Muldoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - W Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Takashima S, Shinkuma S, Fujita Y, Nomura T, Ujiie H, Natsuga K, Iwata H, Nakamura H, Vorobyev A, Abe R, Shimizu H. Efficient Gene Reframing Therapy for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with CRISPR/Cas9. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1711-1721.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Nakyai W, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Viennet C, Humbert P, Viyoch J. An In Vitro
Model for Fibroblast Photoaging Comparing Single and Repeated UVA Irradiations. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1462-1471. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Aurasorn Saraphanchotiwitthaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory; INSERM UMR 1098; University of Franche-Comte; Besancon France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory; INSERM UMR 1098; University of Franche-Comte; Besancon France
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; Besancon France
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
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Hill DS, Robinson NDP, Caley MP, Chen M, O'Toole EA, Armstrong JL, Przyborski S, Lovat PE. A Novel Fully Humanized 3D Skin Equivalent to Model Early Melanoma Invasion. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2665-73. [PMID: 26330548 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains incurable, emphasizing the acute need for improved research models to investigate the underlying biologic mechanisms mediating tumor invasion and metastasis, and to develop more effective targeted therapies to improve clinical outcome. Available animal models of melanoma do not accurately reflect human disease and current in vitro human skin equivalent models incorporating melanoma cells are not fully representative of the human skin microenvironment. We have developed a robust and reproducible, fully humanized three-dimensional (3D) skin equivalent comprising a stratified, terminally differentiated epidermis and a dermal compartment consisting of fibroblast-generated extracellular matrix. Melanoma cells incorporated into the epidermis were able to invade through the basement membrane and into the dermis, mirroring early tumor invasion in vivo. Comparison of our novel 3D melanoma skin equivalent with melanoma in situ and metastatic melanoma indicates that this model accurately recreates features of disease pathology, making it a physiologically representative model of early radial and vertical growth-phase melanoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hill
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D P Robinson
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London SMD, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Chen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London SMD, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane L Armstrong
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
| | - Penny E Lovat
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
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5
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Hou Y, Guey LT, Wu T, Gao R, Cogan J, Wang X, Hong E, Vivian Ning W, Keene D, Liu N, Huang Y, Kaftan C, Tangarone B, Quinones-Garcia I, Uitto J, Francone OL, Woodley DT, Chen M. Intravenously Administered Recombinant Human Type VII Collagen Derived from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Reverses the Disease Phenotype in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2015. [PMID: 26203639 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an inherited disorder characterized by skin fragility, blistering, and multiple skin wounds with no currently approved or consistently effective treatment. It is due to mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7). Using recombinant human C7 (rhC7) purified from human dermal fibroblasts (FB-rhC7), we showed previously that intravenously injected rhC7 distributed to engrafted RDEB skin, incorporated into its dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), and reversed the RDEB disease phenotype. Human dermal fibroblasts, however, are not used for commercial production of therapeutic proteins. Therefore, we generated rhC7 from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The CHO-derived recombinant type VII collagen (CHO-rhC7), similar to FB-rhC7, was secreted as a correctly folded, disulfide-bonded, helical trimer resistant to protease degradation. CHO-rhC7 bound to fibronectin and promoted human keratinocyte migration in vitro. A single dose of CHO-rhC7, administered intravenously into new-born C7-null RDEB mice, incorporated into the DEJ of multiple skin sites, tongue and esophagus, restored anchoring fibrils, improved dermal-epidermal adherence, and increased the animals' life span. Furthermore, no circulating or tissue-bound anti-C7 antibodies were observed in the mice. These data demonstrate the efficacy of CHO-rhC7 in a preclinical murine model of RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Timothy Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Gao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Weihuang Vivian Ning
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas Keene
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Shire, Lexington, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Shire, Lexington, Massachussetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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6
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A dietary supplement improves facial photoaging and skin sebum, hydration and tonicity modulating serum fibronectin, neutrophil elastase 2, hyaluronic acid and carbonylated proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 144:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Woodley DT, Cogan J, Wang X, Hou Y, Haghighian C, Kudo G, Keene DR, Chen M. De novo anti-type VII collagen antibodies in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1138-1140. [PMID: 24213372 PMCID: PMC3961494 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yingping Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cyrus Haghighian
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gail Kudo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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8
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Wang X, Ghasri P, Amir M, Hwang B, Hou Y, Khilili M, Lin A, Keene D, Uitto J, Woodley DT, Chen M. Topical application of recombinant type VII collagen incorporates into the dermal-epidermal junction and promotes wound closure. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1335-44. [PMID: 23670575 PMCID: PMC3704128 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) have incurable skin fragility, blistering, and skin wounds due to mutations in the gene that codes for type VII collagen (C7) that mediates dermal-epidermal adherence in human skin. In this study, we evaluated if topically applied human recombinant C7 (rC7) could restore C7 at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) and enhance wound healing. We found that rC7 applied topically onto murine skin wounds stably incorporated into the newly formed DEJ of healed wounds and accelerated wound closure by increasing re-epithelialization. Topical rC7 decreased the expression of fibrogenic transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and increased the expression of anti-fibrogenic TGF-β3. These were accompanied by the reduced expression of connective tissue growth factor, fewer α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts, and less deposition of collagen in the healed neodermis, consistent with less scar formation. In addition, using a mouse model in which skin from C7 knock out mice was grafted onto immunodeficient mice, we showed that applying rC7 onto RDEB grafts with wounds restored C7 and anchoring fibrils (AFs) at the DEJ of the grafts and corrected the dermal-epidermal separation. The topical application of rC7 may be useful for treating patients with RDEB and patients who have chronic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Pedram Ghasri
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Mahsa Amir
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Brian Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Yingpin Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Michael Khilili
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Andrew Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Douglas Keene
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics,
Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, Oregon,
USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous
Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
USA
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9
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Knott A, Drenckhan A, Denckhan A, Reuschlein K, Lucius R, Döring O, Böttger M, Stäb F, Wenck H, Gallinat S. Decreased fibroblast contractile activity and reduced fibronectin expression are involved in skin photoaging. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 58:75-7. [PMID: 20219324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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TANGO1 facilitates cargo loading at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Cell 2009; 136:891-902. [PMID: 19269366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide screen revealed previously unidentified components required for transport and Golgi organization (TANGO). We now provide evidence that one of these proteins, TANGO1, is an integral membrane protein localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites, with a luminal SH3 domain and a cytoplasmic proline-rich domain (PRD). Knockdown of TANGO1 inhibits export of bulky collagen VII from the ER. The SH3 domain of TANGO1 binds to collagen VII; the PRD binds to the COPII coat subunits, Sec23/24. In this scenario, PRD binding to Sec23/24 subunits could stall COPII carrier biogenesis to permit the luminal domain of TANGO1 to guide SH3-bound cargo into a growing carrier. All cells except those of hematopoietic origin express TANGO1. We propose that TANGO1 exports other cargoes in cells that do not secrete collagen VII. However, TANGO1 does not enter the budding carrier, which represents a unique mechanism to load cargo into COPII carriers.
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11
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Remington J, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhou H, Burnett J, Muirhead T, Uitto J, Keene DR, Woodley DT, Chen M. Injection of recombinant human type VII collagen corrects the disease phenotype in a murine model of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Mol Ther 2009; 17:26-33. [PMID: 19018253 PMCID: PMC2834970 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) have incurable skin fragility, blistering, and scarring due to mutations in the gene that encodes for type VII collagen (C7) that mediates dermal-epidermal adherence in human skin. We showed previously that intradermal injection of recombinant C7 into transplanted human DEB skin equivalents stably restored C7 expression at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and reversed the RDEB disease features. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of protein therapy in a C7 null mouse (Col7a1(-/-)) which recapitulates the features of human RDEB. We intradermally injected purified human C7 into DEB mice and found that the injected human C7 stably incorporated into the mouse BMZ, formed anchoring fibrils, and corrected the DEB murine phenotype, as demonstrated by decreased skin fragility, reduced new blister formation, and markedly prolonged survival. After 4 weeks, treated DEB mice developed circulating anti-human C7 antibodies. Most surprisingly, these anti-C7 antibodies neither bound directly to the mouse's BMZ nor prevented the incorporation of newly injected human C7 into the BMZ. Anti-C7 antibody production was prevented by treating the mice with an anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody, MR1. We conclude that protein therapy may be feasible for the treatment of human patients with RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Remington
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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CRAVEN N, WATSON R, JONES C, SHUTTLEWORTH C, KIELTY C, GRIFFITHS C. Clinical features of photodamaged human skin are associated with a reduction in collagen VII. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18471955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Woodley DT, Hou Y, Martin S, Li W, Chen M. Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa using site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17838-45. [PMID: 18450758 PMCID: PMC2440610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709452200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VII collagen (C7) is a major component of anchoring fibrils, structures that mediate epidermal-dermal adherence. Mutations in gene COL7A1 encoding for C7 cause dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a genetic mechano-bullous disease. The biological consequences of specific COL7A1 mutations and the molecular mechanisms leading to DEB clinical phenotypes are unknown. In an attempt to establish genotype-phenotype relationships, we generated four individual substitution mutations that have been associated with recessive DEB, G2049E, R2063W, G2569R, and G2575R, and purified the recombinant mutant proteins. All mutant proteins were synthesized and secreted as a 290-kDa mutant C7 alpha chain at levels similar to wild type C7. The G2569R and G2575R glycine substitution mutations resulted in mutant C7 with increased sensitivity to protease degradation and decreased ability to form trimers. Limited proteolytic digestion of mutant G2049E and R2063W proteins yielded aberrant fragments and a triple helix with reduced stability. These two mutations next to the 39-amino acid helical interruption hinge region caused local destabilization of the triple-helix that exposed an additional highly sensitive proteolytic site within the region of the mutation. Our functional studies demonstrated that C7 is a potent pro-motility matrix for skin human keratinocyte migration and that this activity resides within the triple helical domain. Furthermore, G2049E and R2063W mutations reduced the ability of C7 to support fibroblast adhesion and keratinocyte migration. We conclude that known recessive DEB C7 mutations perturb critical functions of the C7 molecule and likely contribute to the clinical phenotypes of DEB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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14
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Hanamura T, Aoki H, Uchida E, Hagiwara T. Effects of Acerola Beverage Intake on Skin Conditions. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.55.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Nakano H, Gasparro FP, Uitto J. UVA-340 as Energy Source, Mimicking Natural Sunlight, Activates the Transcription Factor AP-1 in Cultured Fibroblasts: Evidence for Involvement of Protein Kinase-C¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740274uaesmn2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Woodley DT, Remington J, Huang Y, Hou Y, Li W, Keene DR, Chen M. Intravenously Injected Human Fibroblasts Home to Skin Wounds, Deliver Type VII Collagen, and Promote Wound Healing. Mol Ther 2007; 15:628-35. [PMID: 17245357 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) have incurable skin fragility, blistering, and multiple skin wounds because of mutations in the gene that encodes for type VII collagen (C7), which holds together the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin. The intradermal injection of gene-corrected DEB fibroblasts, recombinant C7 protein, or lentiviral vectors expressing C7 is a potential therapy for DEB. Nevertheless, severe DEB causes widespread wounds and treatment would require multiple injections. An alternative strategy might be to inject genetically engineered cells into the patient's circulation that home to the skin wounds and deposit the transgene product. In this study, we demonstrated that intravenously (IV) injected, molecularly engineered DEB fibroblasts (overexpressing human C7) homed to murine skin wounds and continuously delivered C7 at the wound site, where it incorporated into the skin's basement membrane zone and formed anchoring fibril structures. Wounds made on murine or grafted human skin demonstrated accelerated healing when the animals were IV injected with gene-corrected DEB fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate that abundant C7 promotes wound healing. This is also the first evidence that IV injected, molecularly engineered skin fibroblasts can deliver C7 to skin wounds. This strategy could be useful for treating DEB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Takeda H, Kon A, Ito N, Sawamura D, Takagaki K, Hashimoto I, Hanada K. Keratinocyte-specific modulation of type VII collagen gene expression by pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta). Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:289-94. [PMID: 15810887 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta up-regulate type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) expression in cultured dermal fibroblasts. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta on COL7A1 expression in epidermal keratinocytes. We demonstrated that both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta reduced COL7A1 expression in epidermal keratinocytes in an additive manner, whereas they increased COL7A1 expression in dermal fibroblasts. Thus, regulation of COL7A1 by pro-inflammatory cytokines is cell type specific. In particular, the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta occurred, at least in part, at the transcriptional level. Finally, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha and IL-1beta enhanced the TGF-beta-mediated up-regulation of COL7A1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes, suggesting that the combination of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha or IL-1beta induces a signaling pathway that is completely different from that induced by either pro-inflammatory cytokine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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18
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Woodley DT, Keene DR, Atha T, Huang Y, Ram R, Kasahara N, Chen M. Intradermal injection of lentiviral vectors corrects regenerated human dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin tissue in vivo. Mol Ther 2005; 10:318-26. [PMID: 15294178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a family of inherited mechanobullous disorders caused by mutations in the gene, COL7A1, that codes for type VII, (anchoring fibril), collagen, which is critical for epidermal-dermal adherence. Most gene therapy approaches have been ex vivo, involving cell culture and culture graft transplantation, which is logistically difficult. To develop a more simplified approach, we engineered a self-inactivating lentiviral vector expressing human type VII collagen and injected this vector intradermally into hairless, immunodeficient mice and into a human DEB composite skin equivalent grafted onto immunodeficient mice. In both situations, the vector transduced dermal cells, which in turn synthesized and exported type VII collagen into the extracellular space. Remarkably, the type VII collagen selectively adhered to and incorporated into the basement membrane zone (BMZ) between the dermis and the epidermis, where it formed anchoring fibril structures. In the case of the DEB skin equivalent, the newly expressed type VII collagen reversed the DEB phenotype characterized by poor epidermal-dermal adherence and anchoring fibril defects. A single lentiviral vector injection provided stable type VII collagen at the BMZ for at least 3 months. These data demonstrate efficient and long-term type VII collagen gene transfer in vivo using direct intradermal injection of an engineered lentiviral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Woodley
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Kefalides NA, Borel JP. Minor Proteins of Basement Membranes, Minor Collagens of the Basement Membrane Zone. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(05)56007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Woodley DT, Krueger GG, Jorgensen CM, Fairley JA, Atha T, Huang Y, Chan L, Keene DR, Chen M. Normal and Gene-Corrected Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Fibroblasts Alone Can Produce Type VII Collagen at the Basement Membrane Zone. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:1021-8. [PMID: 14708601 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type VII collagen is synthesized and secreted by both human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Although both cell types can secrete type VII collagen, it is thought that keratinocytes account for type VII collagen at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). In this study, we examined if type VII collagen secreted solely by dermal fibroblasts could be transported to the DEJ. We established organotypic, skin-equivalent cultures composed of keratinocytes from patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and normal dermal fibroblasts. Immuno-labeling of skin equivalent sections with the anti-type VII collagen antibody revealed tight linear staining at the DEJ. RDEB fibroblasts, were gene-corrected to make type VII collagen and used to regenerate human skin on immune-deficient mice. The human skin generated by gene-corrected RDEB fibroblasts or normal human fibroblasts combined with RDEB keratinocytes restored type VII collagen expression at the DEJ in vivo. Further, intradermal injection of normal human or gene-corrected RDEB fibroblasts into mouse skin resulted in the stable expression of human type VII collagen at the mouse DEJ. These data demonstrate that human dermal fibroblasts alone are capable of producing type VII collagen at the DEJ, and it is possible to restore type VII collagen gene expression in RDEB skin in vivo by direct intradermal injection of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Woodley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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21
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Sawamura D, Goto M, Yasukawa K, Kon A, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. Identification of COL7A1 alternative splicing inserting 9 amino acid residues into the fibronectin type III linker domain. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:942-8. [PMID: 12787118 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type VII collagen is the major component of anchoring fibrils within the cutaneous basement membrane zone. The large amino-terminal noncollagenous domain of type VII collagen interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins and contributes to the dermal-epidermal attachment. The purpose of this study was to detect alternative splicing of COL7A1 transcript encoding the noncollagenous 1 domain. The alternative splicing in this region may affect interactions of the noncollagenous 1 domain with extracellular matrix proteins and also dermal-epidermal adhesion. Thus we examined expression of the alternative splicing in situations relating to wound healing and skin remodeling that required dermal-epidermal binding and detachment. Amplification of overlapping cDNA from keratinocytes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified alternative splicing, which was generated by a different exon 18 acceptor site 27 bp upstream from the common acceptor site. Expression of this alternatively spliced transcript differed among several cell types. The nine amino acid residues GPLTLPLSP from the 27 bp nucleotides were inserted into the linker of fibronectin type III domains. This insertion was suggested to contribute to flexibility of the linker of fibronectin type III domains and may affect the interactions between the noncollagenous 1 domain and extracellular matrix proteins. Treatment with transforming growth factor-beta 1, which is known to promote wound healing and skin remodeling, enhanced the expression of this 27 bp transcript. Furthermore, keratinocyte biopsies from the wound edge of patients with epithelizing skin ulcers showed a significant increase in the 27 bp transcript expression compared with normal keratinocytes from steady-state body sites. These results suggest that amino acid variation of this alternative splicing may have some role in dermal-epidermal adhesion, wound healing, and skin remodeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of alternative splice insertion of a small peptide into the linker region of the fibronectin type III domains, a common motif within modular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Chen M, O'Toole EA, Sanghavi J, Mahmud N, Kelleher D, Weir D, Fairley JA, Woodley DT. The epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen (type VII collagen) is present in human colon and patients with crohn's disease have autoantibodies to type VII collagen. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:1059-64. [PMID: 12060403 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin characterized by IgG autoantibodies against type VII collagen. Systemic diseases are often associated with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, Crohn's disease being the most frequent. This study sought to determine if type VII collagen, the epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autoantigen, was present in normal human colon by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The 290 kDa type VII collagen alpha chain was demonstrated by western blotting in four normal intraoperative colon specimens. Antibodies to type VII collagen labeled the junction between the intestinal epithelium and the lamina propria. We also used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test sera from patients with Crohn's disease (n = 19), ulcerative colitis (n = 31), celiac disease (n = 17), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 15), and normal controls (n = 16). It was found that 13 of 19 patients with Crohn's disease and four of 31 patients with ulcerative colitis demonstrated reactivity to type VII collagen. Sera from control subjects, patients with celiac disease or rheumatoid arthritis were negative. The sera from Crohn's disease patients also reacted with type VII collagen by immunoblot analysis. It was concluded that patients with inflammatory bowel disease may have IgG autoantibodies to type VII collagen, which exists in both the skin and the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Chen M, Costa FK, Lindvay CR, Han YP, Woodley DT. The recombinant expression of full-length type VII collagen and characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:2118-24. [PMID: 11698408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108779200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VII collagen is a major component of anchoring fibrils, attachment structures that mediate dermal-epidermal adherence in human skin. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited mechano-bullous disorder caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene and perturbations in anchoring fibrils. In this study, we produced recombinant human type VII collagen in stably transfected human 293 cell clones and purified large quantities of the recombinant protein from culture media. The recombinant type VII collagen was secreted as a correctly folded, disulfide-bonded, helical trimer resistant to protease degradation. Purified type VII collagen bound to fibronectin, laminin-5, type I collagen, and type IV collagen and also supported human dermal fibroblast adhesion. In an attempt to establish genotype-phenotype relationships, we generated two individual substitution mutations that have been associated with recessive DEB, R2008G and G2749R, and purified the recombinant mutant proteins. The G2749R mutation resulted in mutant type VII collagen with increased sensitivity to protease degradation and decreased ability to form trimers. The R2008G mutation caused the intracellular accumulation of type VII collagen. We conclude that structural and functional studies of in vitro generated type VII collagen mutant proteins will aid in correlating genetic mutations with the clinical phenotypes of DEB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Nakano H, Gasparro FP, Uitto J. UVA-340 as energy source, mimicking natural sunlight, activates the transcription factor AP-1 in cultured fibroblasts: evidence for involvement of protein kinase-C. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:274-82. [PMID: 11547566 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0274:uaesmn>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to affect a variety of cellular functions, including gene expression. A number of signaling pathways have been suggested to mediate these effects, including the participation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), activator protein-2 (AP-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). The divergent results from previous studies could be explained, at least in part, by the source of UVR with different spectral characteristics as well as the type of cells employed as targets. In this study we have utilized UVA-340 as an energy source with output which closely matches the spectrum of natural sunlight over the range of 295-350 nm for irradiation of cultured fibroblasts. Combination of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Northern analyses revealed activation of AP-1 but not NF-kappa B or AP-2. Inhibition studies further suggested the participation of protein kinase-C, but not protein kinase-A, and that an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK-1/2) did not alter the AP-1 activation. Free radical quenchers, sodium azide and N-acetylcysteine, did not affect the AP-1 binding activity. Finally, UVA-340 was shown to enhance transcriptional expression of the type-VII collagen gene (COL7A1), which is endogenously expressed in dermal fibroblast in an AP-1 dependent manner. Introduction of a mutation into the AP-1 site of the COL7A1 promoter abolished this activation. Thus, our results obtained by utilizing a novel energy source, UVA-340, mimicking natural sunlight at UVB and lower UVA range indicate a role for AP-1 in mediating the enhanced gene expression by UVR. Collectively, these results suggest that AP-1 is an important mediator of UVR action in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakano
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Jefferson Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chen M, O'Toole EA, Muellenhoff M, Medina E, Kasahara N, Woodley DT. Development and characterization of a recombinant truncated type VII collagen "minigene". Implication for gene therapy of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24429-35. [PMID: 10821839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003440200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited mechano-bullous disorder of skin caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene. The lack of therapy for DEB provides an impetus to develop gene therapy strategies. However, the full-length 9-kilobase type VII collagen cDNA exceeds the cloning capacity of current viral delivery vectors. In this study, we produced a recombinant type VII minicollagen containing the intact noncollagenous domains, NC1 and NC2, and part of the central collagenous domain using stably transfected human 293 cell clones and purified large quantities of the recombinant minicollagen VII from culture media. Minicollagen VII was secreted as correctly-folded, disulfide-bonded, helical trimers resistant to protease degradation. Purified minicollagen VII bound to fibronectin, laminin-5, type I collagen, and type IV collagen. Furthermore, retroviral-mediated transduction of the minigene construct into DEB keratinocytes (in which type VII collagen was absent) resulted in persistent synthesis and secretion of a 230-kDa recombinant minicollagen VII. In comparison with parent DEB keratinocytes, the gene-corrected DEB keratinocytes demonstrated enhanced cell-substratum adhesion, increased proliferative potential, and reduced cell motility, features that reversed the DEB phenotype toward normal. We conclude that the use of the minicollagen VII may provide a strategy to correct the cellular manifestations of gene defects in DEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, and Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Chen M, O'Toole EA, Li YY, Woodley DT. Alpha 2 beta 1 integrin mediates dermal fibroblast attachment to type VII collagen via a 158-amino-acid segment of the NC1 domain. Exp Cell Res 1999; 249:231-9. [PMID: 10366422 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are in apposition to type VII (anchoring fibril) collagen in both unwounded and wounded skin. The NC1 domain of type VII collagen contains multiple submodules with homology to known adhesive molecules, including fibronectin type III-like repeats and a potential RGD cell attachment site. We previously reported the structure and matrix binding properties of authentic and recombinant NC1. In this study, we examined the interaction between dermal fibroblasts and the NC1 domain of type VII collagen. We found that both recombinant and authentic NC1 vigorously promoted human fibroblast attachment. Adhesion of fibroblasts to NC1 was dose dependent, saturable, and abolished by both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to NC1. Cell adhesion to NC1 was divalent cation dependent and specifically inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha2 or beta1 integrin subunits, but not by the presence of RGD peptides. Furthermore, the cell-binding activity of NC1 was not conformation dependent, since heat-denatured NC1 still promoted cell adhesion. Using a series of recombinant NC1 deletion mutant proteins, the cell binding site of NC1 was mapped to a 158-aa (residues 202-360) subdomain. We conclude that human dermal fibroblasts interact with the NC1 domain of type VII collagen and this cell-matrix interaction is mediated by the alpha2beta1 integrin and is RGD independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Departments of Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
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Contet-Audonneau JL, Jeanmaire C, Pauly G. A histological study of human wrinkle structures: comparison between sun-exposed areas of the face, with or without wrinkles, and sun-protected areas. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:1038-47. [PMID: 10354068 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wrinkles are a major topic in dermocosmetology; the purpose of this work has been to go deeper into the knowledge of cutaneous damage underlying these modifications of skin surface. Up to now, the number of published works about the histological structure of wrinkles is not very large. Therefore to complete the findings, we studied 46 subjects of both sexes, between 57 and 98-year-old, enabling us to obtain 157 skin biopsies of wrinkles (face) and sun-protected areas (abdomen). We used different histological techniques involving histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and quantification by image analysis in addition to classic standard techniques. This study has allowed us to confirm published structural modifications of wrinkles, but also to display many other original alterations. The increased thinning of the epidermis atrophied with age is confirmed by the study of desmoplakins outlining the cellular contours of keratinocytes. Such a thinning is accompanied by a decrease in several markers of epidermal differentiation at the bottom of the wrinkles: filaggrin, keratohyalin granules and transglutaminase I, disturbing desquamation and the capacity of the horny layer to retain water. The dermoepidermal junction is modified by a decrease of collagen IV and VII, which, combined with fewer and fewer oxytalan fibres under wrinkles, weakens this interface. The deposition of abnormal elastotic tissue in the dermis, with an interruption of these deposits under wrinkles and an atrophy of dermal collagen more pronounced under wrinkles, boosts the magnitude and depth of wrinkles. The composition of the other dermal constituents is also altered with, more particularly, a marked decrease of chondroitin sulphates in the papillary dermis under wrinkles, combined with an asymmetrical variation of glycosaminoglycans on both edges of wrinkles. The atrophy of the hypodermis, also more marked under wrinkles, with a thickening of fibrous lines, also makes the depth of wrinkles more pronounced. Wrinkle formation appears at the same time as numerous modifications in different cutaneous structures, which may be mutually amplified. Such a study by pointing out altered elements in skin physiology, makes the development of specific treatments possible in order to mitigate this unwelcome cutaneous deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Contet-Audonneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie et Dermatologie, 5-7 rue de Seichamps, 54425 Pulnoy, France
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Bruckner-Tuderman L, Höpfner B, Hammami-Hauasli N. Biology of anchoring fibrils: lessons from dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol 1999; 18:43-54. [PMID: 10367730 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(98)00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anchoring fibrils are adhesive suprastructures that ensure the connection of the epidermal basement membrane with the dermal extracellular matrix. The fibrils represent polymers of collagen VII, the major structural fibril component, but may also contain other proteins. Remarkable progress has been made in the last few years in understanding the functions of skin basement membrane components including the anchoring fibrils. Novel insights into the biology of the anchoring fibrils have been gained from experimental studies on dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a group of inherited blistering disorders caused by mutations in the gene for collagen VII, COL7A1. Mutation analyses of DEB families have disclosed more than 100 COL7A1 gene defects so far, but the unusual complexity of the mutation constellations and their biological consequences are only beginning to emerge. In analogy to heritable disorders of other collagen genes, predictable phenotypes of COL7A1 mutations causing premature termination codons or dominant negative interference have been observed. However, collagen VII seems to represent a remarkable exception among collagens in that many mutations, including heterozygous glycine substitutions and deletions, lead to minimal phenotypes, or to no phenotype at all. In contrast to fibrillar collagens, structural abnormalities of collagen VII molecules in anchoring fibrils appear to be tolerated to a certain extent. However, the mild DEB phenotypes can be severely modulated by a second aberration in individuals compound heterozygous for two different COL7A1 mutations. Therefore, not only definition of mutation(s) but also cell biological, protein chemical and suprastructural studies of the mutated molecules yield novel insight into the molecular pathomechanisms underlying disease.
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Vindevoghel L, Kon A, Lechleider RJ, Uitto J, Roberts AB, Mauviel A. Smad-dependent transcriptional activation of human type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) promoter by transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:13053-7. [PMID: 9582342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increases type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) expression in human dermal fibroblasts in culture (Mauviel, A., Lapière, J.-C., Halcin, C., Evans, C. H., and Uitto, J. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25-28). To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of COL7A1 by this growth factor, we performed transient cell transfections with a series of 5'-deletion promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs. We identified a 68-base pair region between nucleotides -524 and -456, relative to the transcription start site, as critical for TGF-beta response. Using electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with an oligonucleotide spanning the region from -524 to -444, we discovered that a TGF-beta-specific protein-DNA complex was formed as early as 11 min after TGF-beta stimulation and persisted for 1 h after addition of the growth factor. Deletion analysis of the TGF-betaresponsive region of the COL7A1 promoter by EMSA identified segment -496/-444 as the minimal fragment capable of binding the TGF-beta-induced complex. Furthermore, two distinct segments, -496/-490 and -453/-444, appeared to be necessary for TGF-beta-induced DNA binding activity, suggesting a bipartite element. Supershift experiments with a pan-Smad antibody unambiguously identified the TGF-beta-induced complex as containing a Smad member. This is the first direct identification of binding of endogenous Smad proteins to regulatory sequences of a human gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vindevoghel
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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CRAVEN N, WATSON R, JONES C, SHUTTLEWORTH C, KIELTY C, GRIFFITHS C. Clinical features of photodamaged human skin are associated with a reduction in collagen VII. Br J Dermatol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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