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Wang Y, Huang Z, Hu K, Peng J, Yao W, Deng W, Zuo J, Zhang Y, Yin D. A convenient method for distinguishing human and mouse cells in situ. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:124-127. [PMID: 33206157 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zixian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weicheng Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weixi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jiyuan Zuo
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Kambiz S, Duraku LS, Baas M, Nijhuis THJ, Cosgun SG, Hovius SER, Ruigrok TJH, Walbeehm ET. Long-term follow-up of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic reinnervation of the epidermis following sciatic nerve reconstruction in rats. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:254-69. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns141075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT
Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in long-term functional deficits. The current gold standard for transected nerves is an end-to-end reconstruction, which results in the intermittent appearance of neuropathic pain.
METHODS
To improve our understanding of the relation between this type of reconstruction and neuropathic pain, the authors transected and immediately end-to-end reconstructed the sciatic nerve in rats. The effect of this procedure on neuropathic pain, as measured by thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity at 4 different time points (5, 10, 20, and 30 weeks), was related to the density of peptidergic and nonpeptidergic fiber innervation in the glabrous skin of rats' hind paws.
RESULTS
Thermal hypersensitivity occurring 20 weeks after reconstruction was accompanied by a significant increase in peptidergic epidermal fibers. However, the lesion-induced reduction in the density of nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers remained decreased at all experimental time points. Moreover, temporal collateral sprouting by undamaged saphenous nerve was visualized using the recently revised Evans blue extravasation technique. Strikingly, as the sciatic nerve repopulated rats' hind paw, the saphenous nerve withdrew to its original territory.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors conclude that the transient thermal hypersensitivity is related to increased density of epidermal peptidergic fibers, which mainly originate from regenerating fibers. Furthermore, a changed composition in the peptidergic and nonpeptidergic epidermal fibers is demonstrated following end-to-end reconstruction of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoista Kambiz
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Liron S. Duraku
- Departments of 1Neuroscience and
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Martijn Baas
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tim H. J. Nijhuis
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Saniye G. Cosgun
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | - Steven E. R. Hovius
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Erik T. Walbeehm
- 2Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands; and
- 3Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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Guo S, Israel AL, Basu G, Donate A, Heller R. Topical gene electrotransfer to the epidermis of hairless guinea pig by non-invasive multielectrode array. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73423. [PMID: 24015305 PMCID: PMC3756005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical gene delivery to the epidermis has the potential to be an effective therapy for skin disorders, cutaneous cancers, vaccinations and systemic metabolic diseases. Previously, we reported on a non-invasive multielectrode array (MEA) that efficiently delivered plasmid DNA and enhanced expression to the skin of several animal models by in vivo gene electrotransfer. Here, we characterized plasmid DNA delivery with the MEA in a hairless guinea pig model, which has a similar histology and structure to human skin. Significant elevation of gene expression up to 4 logs was achieved with intradermal DNA administration followed by topical non-invasive skin gene electrotransfer. This delivery produced gene expression in the skin of hairless guinea pig up to 12 to 15 days. Gene expression was observed exclusively in the epidermis. Skin gene electrotransfer with the MEA resulted in only minimal and mild skin changes. A low level of human Factor IX was detected in the plasma of hairless guinea pig after gene electrotransfer with the MEA, although a significant increase of Factor IX was obtained in the skin of animals. These results suggest gene electrotransfer with the MEA can be a safe, efficient, non-invasive skin delivery method for skin disorders, vaccinations and potential systemic diseases where low levels of gene products are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Annelise L. Israel
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Basu
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amy Donate
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Chang-Rodriguez S, Hoetzenecker W, Schwärzler C, Biedermann T, Saeland S, Elbe-Bürger A. Fetal and neonatal murine skin harbors Langerhans cell precursors. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 77:352-60. [PMID: 15590753 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1004584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) in adult mice express ADPase, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and CD205 and CD207 molecules, while the first dendritic leukocytes that colonize the fetal and newborn epidermis are only ADPase(+). In this study, we tested whether dendritic epidermal leukocytes (DEL) are end-stage cells or represent LC precursors. In epidermal sheets of fetal and neonatal mice, we found no apoptotic leukocytes, suggesting that these cells do not die in situ. To address whether DEL can give rise to LC, sorted DEL from murine newborn skin were cultured with cytokines used to generate LC from human CD34(+) precursors. After 7-14 days, DEL proliferated and acquired the morphology and phenotype of cells reminiscent of LC. In concordance with this finding, we show that neonatal epidermis harbors 10-20 times the number of cycling MHC class II(+) leukocytes as adult tissue. To test whether LC can differentiate from skin precursors in vivo, we developed a transplantation model. As it was impossible to transplant fetal epidermis, whole fetal skin was grafted onto adult severe combined immunodeficient mice. As opposed to the uniform absence of donor LC at the time of transplantation, examination of the epidermis from the grafts after 2-4 weeks revealed MHC class II(+) donor cells, which had acquired CD205 and CD207, thus qualifying them as LC. Finally, we present evidence that endogenous LC persist in skin grafts for the observation period of 45 days. These studies show that hematopoietic precursors seed the skin during embryonic life and can give rise to LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chang-Rodriguez
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nicolaidou E, Okada Y, Zuo XJ, Toyoda M, Marchevsky A, Matloff J, Jordan SC. Prolongation of skin allograft survival is associated with reduced Th1 cytokine responses in the WKY-->F344 rat model. Transplantation 1999; 68:1393-401. [PMID: 10573081 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199911150-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported previously that F344 rats develop a spontaneous tolerance to WKY lung allografts and show long-term retention of donor-specific skin grafts placed 35 days after lung transplantation. In this study, we investigated the immunologic mechanisms that may be responsible for the prolonged skin graft survival in animals tolerized with lung allografts. METHODS In the rejection group, WKY skin grafts were placed on normal F344 rats, whereas, in the tolerance group, the skin grafts were placed on F344 rats that had received a WKY lung transplant 35 days before skin grafting. Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine as well as transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression in skin grafts and in draining lymph nodes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in skin grafts and the number of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets of the grafts were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression was significantly decreased in both the skin grafts and the draining lymph nodes of the tolerance group, compared to the rejection group, whereas IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression was similar in both groups and IL-4 mRNA was rarely detected. Decreased and delayed CD8+, macrophage, and natural killer cell infiltration in the skin grafts from the tolerance group was also detected. Similar reduction in the number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of the grafts from both groups was seen on day 1 after skin grafting, and thereafter the number remained stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of Th1 cytokines and decreased infiltration of CD8+ cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the skin grafts may be responsible for prolongation of skin graft survival in the tolerance group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicolaidou
- Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Ghaznawie M, Papadimitriou JM, Heenan PJ. The repopulation of murine Langerhans cells after depletion by mild heat injury. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141:206-10. [PMID: 10468789 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a model of focal Langerhans cell depletion by mild heat injury and used it to investigate the mechanisms of Langerhans cell repopulation in the injured epidermis. The possibility whether repopulation occurred by recruitment of precursor cells from the circulation or dermis or, alternatively, by migration from the surrounding normal epidermis into the injured area was considered. Repopulation was studied by evaluating the pattern of Langerhans cell reappearance and calculating the rate of change in the density. Heat injury followed by whole-body irradiation with shielding of the injured skin was used to assess repopulation in the absence of bone marrow precursors. Using tritiated thymidine autoradiography, we also investigated whether the newly arrived Langerhans cells (be they from circulating precursors or surrounding normal epidermis) actually divide. The results showed that heat injury completely eliminated the Langerhans cells within the area delineated by the injury. Two hours after injury, the Langerhans cells were fragmented and 2 days later, they could not be detected. Regeneration of the epidermis occurred 2 days after injury and Langerhans cells reappeared scattered somewhat sparsely in the centre of the lesion on day 3. These cells were small and slender, bearing one or two short dendrites. As the dendrites increased in number and in length, the cells became similar morphologically and phenotypically to normal Langerhans cells. The rate of repopulation increased dramatically between days 5 and 7 and reached normal density on day 11. The pattern of Langerhans cell repopulation in the injured area and the lack of repopulation in the irradiated animals indicated that repopulation occurs by immigration of precursors from the circulation or dermis. There was no indication of migration of Langerhans cells from surrounding normal epidermis. Lastly, the newly arrived Langerhans cells failed to divide at the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaznawie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang, Indonesia
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7
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Juhász I, Simon M, Herlyn M, Hunyadi J. Repopulation of Langerhans cells during wound healing in an experimental human skin/SCID mouse model. Immunol Lett 1996; 52:125-8. [PMID: 8905406 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(96)02596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal repopulation of Langerhans cells (LCs) during wound healing was examined using a human skin severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model. The experiments, were carried out after proving the human origin of keratinocytes repopulating the wound beds using the W6/32 monoclonal antibody. It was shown that CD1a- and HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells (mostly LCs) are already detectable 2 days after injury within the newly formed epithelium. In the excisional wounds investigated, neither HLA-DR nor ICAM-1 expression of human keratinocytes was observed. Our present data suggest that LC repopulation is an early event in the process of re-epithelization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Juhász
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical School Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Barrett AW, Cruchley AT, Williams DM. Oral mucosal Langerhans' cells. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1996; 7:36-58. [PMID: 8727106 DOI: 10.1177/10454411960070010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans' cells (LC) are dendritic, antigen-presenting cells present within the epithelium of skin and mucosa, including that of the oral cavity. This article reviews the literature on the phenotypic and functional features of oral mucosal Langerhans' cells, and speculates on other aspects by extrapolating from data on their epidermal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Barrett
- Department of Oral Pathology, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, London, U.K
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Kaufmann R, Mielke V, Reimann J, Klein CE, Sterry W. Cellular and molecular composition of human skin in long-term xenografts on SCID mice. Exp Dermatol 1993; 2:209-16. [PMID: 8162341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1993.tb00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the immunophenotypical characterization of adult human skin transplanted onto severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Thirty animals were followed for up to 12 months after receiving split-thickness xenografts, of which 28 were tolerated for the whole test period. Antigen mapping revealed an almost complete preservation of human cellular and extracellular tissue components in long-term transplants including skin immune cells (Langerhans-cells, macrophages, lymphocytes) and also parts of the engrafted endothelium. Hence, xenografts on SCID mice offer a versatile experimental tool for the in vivo study of both human skin immune cell function and endothelial cell-mediated interactions in an environment completely devoid of interferences by adoptive host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany
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