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Jiménez A, Rufo M, Paniagua JM, González-Mohino A, Olegario LS. Authentication of pure and adulterated edible oils using non-destructive ultrasound. Food Chem 2023; 429:136820. [PMID: 37531872 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
At present, the quality of edible oil is evaluated using traditional analysis techniques that are generally destructive. Therefore, efforts are being made to find alternative methods with non-destructive techniques such as Ultrasound. This work aims to confirm the feasibility of non-destructive ultrasonic inspection to characterise and detect fraudulent practices in olive oil due to adulteration with two other edible vegetable oils (sunflower and corn). For this purpose, pulsed ultrasonic signals with a frequency of 2.25 MHz have been used. The samples of pure olive oil were adulterated with the other two in variable percentages between 20% and 80%. Moreover, the viscosity and density values were measured. Both these physicochemical and acoustic parameters were obtained at 24 °C and 30 °C and linearly correlated with each other. The results indicate the sensitivity of the method at all levels of adulteration studied. The responses obtained through the parameters related to the components of velocity, attenuation, and frequency of the ultrasonic waves are complementary to each other. This allows concluding that the classification of pure and adulterated oil samples is possible through non-destructive ultrasonic inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiménez
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Rufo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Paniagua
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - A González-Mohino
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - L S Olegario
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Meat and Meat Products, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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2
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Sheu SC, Wang YJ, Huang PC, Lien YY, Lee MS. Authentication of olive oil in commercial products using specific, sensitive, and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1834-1840. [PMID: 37187977 PMCID: PMC10169996 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is an important and popularly used plant oil in the daily diet or chemical industry. Due to its biological benefits on human health and higher selling prices, adulteration of olive oil for commercial fraud by other plant oils is becoming a serious issue. In this study, a specific, sensitive and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was first developed for the detection of Olea europaea DNA for olive oil authentication. The oleosin gene was used for the primer design of the LAMP assay. After primer validation, the results showed that the LAMP primers were specific and rapid to isothermally authenticate the oleosin gene of Olea europaea within 1 h at 62 °C and had no cross-reaction with other DNA of plant oils. The sensitivity of LAMP was 1 ng of genomic DNA in olive oil, and only 1% olive oil in the sample was requisite during DNA amplification. Additionally, positive detection by LAMP in all the collected commercial olive oil products was practically performed but not in PCR assays. In conclusion, herein, the established LAMP assay with specificity could not only be capable for rapid identification but also applicable for olive oil authentication for precluding adulteration in plant oil products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05726-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyang-Chwen Sheu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Pao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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3
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Shotgun Lipidomic Analysis for Differentiation of Niche Cold Pressed Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061848. [PMID: 35335212 PMCID: PMC8949066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-growing food industry is bringing significant number of new products to the market. To protect consumers’ health and rights, it is crucial that food control laboratories are able to ensure reliable quality testing, including product authentication and detection of adulterations. In our study, we applied a fast and eco-friendly method based on shotgun-lipidomic mass spectrometry for the authentication of niche edible oils. Comprehensive lipid profiles of camelina (CA), flax (FL) and hemp (HP) seed oils were obtained. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), it was possible to detect and distinguish each of them based on their lipid profiles. Lipidomic markers characteristic ofthe oils were also identified, which can be used as targets and expedite development of new multiplexed testing methods.
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4
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New findings of edible oil characterization by ultrasonic parameters. Food Chem 2021; 374:131721. [PMID: 34871849 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The basic objective of the study was to confirm the usefulness of non-destructive ultrasonic testing in evaluating different edible oil samples. The experimental study was carried out for three types of edible oils (olive, sunflower, and corn) in which a 1.0 MHz ultrasound transducer was immersed. Density and viscosity values of the samples were determined simultaneously with the ultrasound tests. By themselves, ultrasound inspection, density, and viscosity, were able to characterize and distinguish each type from the others, but only the ultrasound inspection has a non-destructive nature. Moreover, significant correlations among density and viscosity with the acoustic parameters were found. The results postulate that ultrasound inspection is a fast and non-destructive tool to characterize and discriminate different types of edible oils.
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5
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Yadav S, Carvalho J, Trujillo I, Prado M. Microsatellite Markers in Olives ( Olea europaea L.): Utility in the Cataloging of Germplasm, Food Authenticity and Traceability Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081907. [PMID: 34441688 PMCID: PMC8394707 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive fruit, a symbol of Mediterranean diets, is a rich source of antioxidants and oleic acid (55–83%). Olive genetic resources, including cultivated olives (cultivars), wild olives as well as related subspecies, are distributed widely across the Mediterranean region and other countries. Certain cultivars have a high commercial demand and economical value due to the differentiating organoleptic characteristics. This might result in economically motivated fraudulent practices and adulteration. Hence, tools to ensure the authenticity of constituent olive cultivars are crucial, and this can be achieved accurately through DNA-based methods. The present review outlines the applications of microsatellite markers, one of the most extensively used types of molecular markers in olive species, particularly referring to the use of these DNA-based markers in cataloging the vast olive germplasm, leading to identification and authentication of the cultivars. Emphasis has been given on the need to adopt a uniform platform where global molecular information pertaining to the details of available markers, cultivar-specific genotyping profiles (their synonyms or homonyms) and the comparative profiles of oil and reference leaf samples is accessible to researchers. The challenges of working with microsatellite markers and efforts underway, mainly advancements in genotyping methods which can be effectively incorporated in olive oil varietal testing, are also provided. Such efforts will pave the way for the development of more robust microsatellite marker-based olive agri-food authentication platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Yadav
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun 248001, India
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.); (M.P.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Campus Vida, College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Trujillo
- Excellence Unit of Maria de Maeztu, Department of Agronomy, Rabanales Campus, International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.); (M.P.)
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Abstract
The world population is expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050, which will require an increase in agricultural and food production by 70% to fit the need, a serious challenge for the agri-food industry. Such requirement, in a context of resources scarcity, climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, and very harsh socioeconomic conjecture, is difficult to fulfill without the intervention of computational tools and forecasting strategy. Hereby, we report the importance of artificial intelligence and machine learning as a predictive multidisciplinary approach integration to improve the food and agriculture sector, yet with some limitations that should be considered by stakeholders.
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7
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Comprehensive Review on Application of FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics for Authentication Analysis of Fats and Oils in the Food Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225485. [PMID: 33238638 PMCID: PMC7700317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the authentication analysis of edible fats and oils is an emerging issue not only by producers but also by food industries, regulators, and consumers. The adulteration of high quality and expensive edible fats and oils as well as food products containing fats and oils with lower ones are typically motivated by economic reasons. Some analytical methods have been used for authentication analysis of food products, but some of them are complex in sampling preparation and involving sophisticated instruments. Therefore, simple and reliable methods are proposed and developed for these authentication purposes. This review highlighted the comprehensive reports on the application of infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for authentication of fats and oils. New findings of this review included (1) FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which has been used to authenticate fats and oils; (2) due to as fingerprint analytical tools, FTIR spectra have emerged as the most reported analytical techniques applied for authentication analysis of fats and oils; (3) the use of chemometrics as analytical data treatment is a must to extract the information from FTIR spectra to be understandable data. Next, the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics must be proposed, developed, and standardized for authentication and assuring the quality of fats and oils.
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8
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Batrinou A, Strati IF, Houhoula D, Tsaknis J, Sinanoglou VJ. Authentication of olive oil based on DNA analysis. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0682191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil, which has been produced mainly in the Mediterranean area since the ancient times, has a high nutritional value linked to many health benefits. Extra virgin, which is the purest form of olive oil, has excellent quality and premium prices. Many cases of adulteration and fraud necessitate the development of reliable and accurate methods for olive oil authentication. DNA-based methods analyze the residual DNA extracted from olive oil and use molecular markers for genetic identification of different species, subspecies or cultivars because these markers act as signs which reflect distinct genetic profiles. This study reviews the process by which DNA from olive oil is extracted and analyzed by the most recently used markers in the authentication of olive oil, such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) or microsatellites and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods of analysis such as qPCR and digital PCR are also discussed with a special emphasis placed on the method of High-Resolution Melting (HRM), a post-polymerase chain reaction method, which enables rapid, high performing identification of genetic variants in the DNA regions of interest without sequencing, and may differentiate very similar cultivars which differ in only one nucleotide in a specific locus.
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9
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Chedid E, Rizou M, Kalaitzis P. Application of high resolution melting combined with DNA-based markers for quantitative analysis of olive oil authenticity and adulteration. Food Chem X 2020; 6:100082. [PMID: 32154510 PMCID: PMC7058896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2020.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of biotechnological methodologies is used to authenticate quality olive oils. Among the DNA-based approaches, SNPs and SSRs combined with high resolution melting (HRM) provide certain advantages such as speed, simplicity and reliability. SNP-HRM and SSR-HRM were used for the authentication of monovarietal olive oils as well as the quantification of varietal composition in olive oil DNA admixtures and olive oil blends of two different cultivars. The SSR-HRM was more efficient in distinguishing monovarietal olive oils while the SNP-HRM assay was more reliable in discriminating olive oil blends. HRM was also used for the detection of adulteration of olive oil with oils of different plant origin by using plastid trnL indels and SNPs. The trnL-indels-HRM showed higher discrimination power than the trnL-SNP-HRM in determining adulteration in olive oil. These results indicate that traceability of adulteration might be more reliable than authentication of the varietal origin in olive oil blends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics & Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Crete, Greece
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10
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Uncu O, Ozen B. Importance of some minor compounds in olive oil authenticity and quality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Crawford LM, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Cook D, Wang SC. Analysis of Microsatellites (SSRs) in Processed Olives as a Means of Cultivar Traceability and Authentication. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1110-1117. [PMID: 31891498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Select cultivars of table olives have more desirable traits and a higher economic value. There are suspected issues with cultivar mislabeling and traceability in the supply chain. Here, we describe a method to identify cultivars by genotyping of processed olives. DNA was extracted from leaves and California-style olives of seven commonly packed cultivars. Processed olive fruits yielded relatively low DNA concentrations (0.04-0.86 μg/g), and extracts had more impurities compared with leaves. From 15 candidate SSRs, five markers showing the highest number of unique allele combinations and discriminatory power were selected. These SSRs were successfully amplified and analyzed in all cultivars of olives except one. When directly comparing any two cultivars, different allele combinations were typically present for at least four of the five SSRs. Microsatellite analysis shows potential as a simple yet robust diagnostic tool. The method can be expanded to include other cultivars, styles of table olives, and potentially other processed plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Crawford
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Doug Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Selina C Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Olive Center, Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Science , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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12
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Gertz C, Gertz A, Matthäus B, Willenberg I. A Systematic Chemometric Approach to Identify the Geographical Origin of Olive Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Max Rubner‐Institut (MRI)Department of Safety and Quality of CerealsWorking Group for Lipid Research Schützenberg 12 32756 Detmold Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Max Rubner‐Institut (MRI)Department of Safety and Quality of CerealsWorking Group for Lipid Research Schützenberg 12 32756 Detmold Germany
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13
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Meenu M, Cai Q, Xu B. A critical review on analytical techniques to detect adulteration of extra virgin olive oil. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Arslan D, Ok S. Characterization of Turkish Olive Oils in Details. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1630637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Arslan
- Division of Food Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Salim Ok
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
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15
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Authenticity and Concentration Analysis of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with cheaper edible oils is of considerable concern in the olive oil industry. The potential of Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics has been investigated for evaluating the authenticity (or purity) and concentration of EVOO irrespective of it being adulterated with one or more adulterants. The adulterated oil samples were prepared by blending different concentrations of EVOO (10–100% v/v) randomly with cheaper edible oils such as corn, soybean and rapeseed oil. As a result, a Raman spectral database of oil samples (n = 214 spectra) was obtained from 11 binary mixtures (EVOO and rapeseed oil), 16 ternary mixtures (EVOO, rapeseed and corn oil) and 44 quaternary mixtures (EVOO, rapeseed, corn and soybean oil). Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models with 10-fold cross validation were constructed for binary, ternary and quaternary oil mixtures to determine the purity of spiked EVOO. The PLS model on the complex dataset (binary + ternary + quaternary) where the spectra obtained with different measurement parameters and sample conditions can able to determine the purity of spiked EVOO inspite of being blended with one or more cheaper oils. As a proof of concept, in this study, we used single batch of commercial oil bottles for estimating the purity of EVOO. The developed method is not only limited to EVOO, but can be applied to clean EVOO obtained from the production site and other types of food.
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16
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Tunisian Table Olive Oil Traceability and Quality Using SNP Genotyping and Bioinformatics Tools. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8291341. [PMID: 30881998 PMCID: PMC6381586 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8291341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To enhance and highlight the authentication and traceability of table olive oil, we considered the analysis of 11 Tunisian table olive cultivars based on seven SNP molecular markers (SOD, CALC, FAD2.1, FAD2.3, PAL70, ANTHO3, and SAD.1) localized in six different genes. Accordingly, we assessed the potential genotype-phenotypes links between the seven SNPs, on the one hand, and the quantitative and qualitative parameters, on the other. The obtained genotypes were analyzed with computational biology tools based on bivariate analysis, multinomial logistic regression, and the Bayesian networks modeling. Obtained results showed that PAL70 SNP marker was negatively influenced by the phenol rate (r = -0.886; p <0.001), the oxidative stability (r = -0.884; p <0.001), traducing a direct effect of the PAL70 genotype deviations on the proportion of total phenol for each variety. Additionally, we revealed a significant association of SAD.1 marker with the content of the linolenic unsaturated fatty acids (C18:3; p=0.046). Moreover, SAD.1 was positively correlated with the saturated stearic acid C18:0 (r = 0.644; p = 0.032) based on multinomial logistic regression and Bayesian networks modeling, respectively. This research work provides better understanding and characterization of the quality of Tunisian table olive and supplies a significant knowledge and data information for table olive traceability and breeding.
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17
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Girelli CR, Coco LD, Zelasco S, Salimonti A, Conforti FL, Biagianti A, Barbini D, Fanizzi FP. Traceability of "Tuscan PGI" Extra Virgin Olive Oils by ¹H NMR Metabolic Profiles Collection and Analysis. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040060. [PMID: 30274398 PMCID: PMC6316653 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Coldiretti, Italy still continues to hold the European Quality record in extra virgin olive oils with origin designation and protected geographical indication (PDO and PGI). To date, 46 Italian brands are recognized by the European Union: 42 PDO and 4 PGI (Tuscan PGI, Calabria PGI; Tuscia PGI and PGI Sicily). Specific regulations, introduced for these quality marks, include the designation of both the geographical areas and the plant varieties contributing to the composition of the olive oil. However, the PDO and PGI assessment procedures are currently based essentially on farmer declarations. Tuscan PGI extra virgin olive oil is one of the best known Italian trademarks around the world. Tuscan PGI varietal platform is rather wide including 31 specific olive cultivars which should account for at least 95% of the product. On the other hand, while the characteristics of other popular Italian extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) cultivars from specific geographical areas have been extensively studied (such as those of Coratina based blends from Apulia), little is still known about Tuscan PGI EVOO constituents. In this work, we performed, for the first time, a large-scale analysis of Tuscan PGI monocultivar olive oils by 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses (MVA). After genetic characterization of 217 leaf samples from 24 selected geographical areas, distributed all over the Tuscany, a number of 202 micro-milled oil samples including 10 PGI cultivars, was studied. The results of the present work confirmed the need of monocultivar genetically certified EVOO samples for the construction of 1H-NMR-metabolic profiles databases suitable for cultivar and/or geographical origin assessment. Such specific PGI EVOOs databases could be profitably used to justify the high added value of the product and the sustainability of the related supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Samanta Zelasco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics⁻Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit C. da Rocchi, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Amelia Salimonti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics⁻Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit C. da Rocchi, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Biagianti
- Certified Origins Italia srl, Località il Madonnino, 58100 Grosseto, Italy.
| | - Daniele Barbini
- Certified Origins Italia srl, Località il Madonnino, 58100 Grosseto, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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18
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Gomes S, Breia R, Carvalho T, Carnide V, Martins-Lopes P. Microsatellite High-Resolution Melting (SSR-HRM) to Track Olive Genotypes: From Field to Olive Oil. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2415-2423. [PMID: 30350554 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need to support food labelling has driven to the development of PCR-based techniques suitable for food analysis. DNA-based markers have been successfully employed for varietal tracing in Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) olive oils. In this study, we report a fast, sensitive, and easy-to-use strategy for PDO olive varietal identification. To achieve this aim four different DNA extraction methods were tested and compared, based on initial volume, extraction time, the gDNA concentration, and quality ratios. The optimized DNA extraction protocol from extra virgin olive oils, based on CTAB-hexane-chloroform extraction, proved to be the most effective. High-resolution melting (HRM) DNA assay was developed based on nuclear microsatellites (gSSR) and plastid DNA (cpDNA) aiming an accurate identification of the olive varieties present in the olive oil samples. After PCR reproducibility evaluation, six molecular markers: three SSRs and three cpDNA loci were chosen based on their discrimination power. The SSR-HRM strategy assays were designed to target UDO99-011, UDO99-039, UDO99-024, and ssrOeUA-DCA16 loci. All SSR-PCR products generated from these primers were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) for HRM data validation. The SSR coupled with HRM melting curve analysis generated 14 HRM profiles sufficient to genotype all varieties, highlighting their potential use for varietal discrimination. The locus ssrOeUA-DCA16 generated a specific melting curve that allow a high-throughput discrimination of the Picual and Cobrançosa varieties in olive oil samples. Further, the UDO99-024 was also tested by SSR-HRM assay in commercial olive oil samples with promising results. Considering time, cost, and performance SSR-HRM proved to be a reliable method suitable for varietal tracing of olive oils. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Olive oil authenticity is a form of protecting producers and consumers against fraudulent practices. Herein, we present a DNA barcode suitable for the identification of olive varieties, allowing an accurate identification of the olive varieties in olive oil samples using SSR-HRM assay. Its applicability in commercial olive oil samples is viable. This methodology can be used as a tool for Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) adulterations detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Gomes
- School of Life Science and Environment, Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology, Blocos Laboratoriais bdg, Univ. of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Inst. Campo Grande, Univ. of Lisboa, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Richard Breia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Carvalho
- Natl. Inst. for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), P.O. Box 6, 7350-951, Elvas, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Carnide
- School of Life Science and Environment, Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology, Blocos Laboratoriais bdg, Univ. of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Martins-Lopes
- School of Life Science and Environment, Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology, Blocos Laboratoriais bdg, Univ. of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Inst. Campo Grande, Univ. of Lisboa, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pereira L, Gomes S, Barrias S, Fernandes JR, Martins-Lopes P. Applying high-resolution melting (HRM) technology to olive oil and wine authenticity. Food Res Int 2018; 103:170-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bajoub A, Medina-Rodríguez S, Ajal EA, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Monasterio RP, Vercammen J, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. A metabolic fingerprinting approach based on selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and chemometrics: A reliable tool for Mediterranean origin-labeled olive oils authentication. Food Res Int 2017; 106:233-242. [PMID: 29579923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Selected Ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) in combination with chemometrics was used to authenticate the geographical origin of Mediterranean virgin olive oils (VOOs) produced under geographical origin labels. In particular, 130 oil samples from six different Mediterranean regions (Kalamata (Greece); Toscana (Italy); Meknès and Tyout (Morocco); and Priego de Córdoba and Baena (Spain)) were considered. The headspace volatile fingerprints were measured by SIFT-MS in full scan with H3O+, NO+ and O2+ as precursor ions and the results were subjected to chemometric treatments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for preliminary multivariate data analysis and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to build different models (considering the three reagent ions) to classify samples according to the country of origin and regions (within the same country). The multi-class PLS-DA models showed very good performance in terms of fitting accuracy (98.90-100%) and prediction accuracy (96.70-100% accuracy for cross validation and 97.30-100% accuracy for external validation (test set)). Considering the two-class PLS-DA models, the one for the Spanish samples showed 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in calibration, cross validation and external validation; the model for Moroccan oils also showed very satisfactory results (with perfect scores for almost every parameter in all the cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Bajoub
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Medina-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - El Amine Ajal
- Provincial Department of Agriculture of Azilal, PO Box 13, 22000 Azilal, Morocco
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Romina Paula Monasterio
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), CONICET, Alt. Brown 500, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Joeri Vercammen
- Interscience, Avenue J.E. Lenoir 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Bajoub A, Bendini A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Olive oil authentication: A comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks with especial emphasis on quality and authenticity indices, and recent analytical techniques developed for their assessment. A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:832-857. [PMID: 27657556 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1225666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, olive oil quality and authenticity control has become an issue of great importance to consumers, suppliers, retailers, and regulators in both traditional and emerging olive oil producing countries, mainly due to the increasing worldwide popularity and the trade globalization of this product. Thus, in order to ensure olive oil authentication, various national and international laws and regulations have been adopted, although some of them are actually causing an enormous debate about the risk that they can represent for the harmonization of international olive oil trade standards. Within this context, this review was designed to provide a critical overview and comparative analysis of selected regulatory frameworks for olive oil authentication, with special emphasis on the quality and purity criteria considered by these regulation systems, their thresholds and the analytical methods employed for monitoring them. To complete the general overview, recent analytical advances to overcome drawbacks and limitations of the official methods to evaluate olive oil quality and to determine possible adulterations were reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trends on analytical approaches to assess the olive oil geographical and varietal origin traceability were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Bajoub
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- b Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC) , Italy
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Ben Ayed R, Ennouri K, Ben Amar F, Moreau F, Triki MA, Rebai A. Bayesian and Phylogenic Approaches for Studying Relationships among Table Olive Cultivars. Biochem Genet 2017; 55:300-313. [PMID: 28466379 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To enhance table olive tree authentication, relationship, and productivity, we consider the analysis of 18 worldwide table olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) based on morphological, biological, and physicochemical markers analyzed by bioinformatic and biostatistic tools. Accordingly, we assess the relationships between the studied varieties, on the one hand, and the potential productivity-quantitative parameter links on the other hand. The bioinformatic analysis based on the graphical representation of the matrix of Euclidean distances, the principal components analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed three major clusters which were not correlated with the geographic origin. The statistical analysis based on Kendall's and Spearman correlation coefficients suggests two highly significant associations with both fruit color and pollinization and the productivity character. These results are confirmed by the multiple linear regression prediction models. In fact, based on the coefficient of determination (R 2) value, the best model demonstrated the power of the pollinization on the tree productivity (R 2 = 0.846). Moreover, the derived directed acyclic graph showed that only two direct influences are detected: effect of tolerance on fruit and stone symmetry on side and effect of tolerance on stone form and oil content on the other side. This work provides better understanding of the diversity available in worldwide table olive cultivars and supplies an important contribution for olive breeding and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Ben Amar
- LR: Amélioration et Protection des Ressources Génétiques de l'Olivier - Institut de l'Olivier, Route de l'aéroport km 1.5, BP 1087, 3003, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fabienne Moreau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Triki
- LR: Amélioration et Protection des Ressources Génétiques de l'Olivier - Institut de l'Olivier, Route de l'aéroport km 1.5, BP 1087, 3003, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Chtourou F, Jabeur H, Lazzez A, Bouaziz M. Characterization and Discrimination of Oueslati Virgin Olive Oils from Adult and Young Trees in Different Ripening Stages Using Sterols, Pigments, and Alcohols in Tandem with Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3512-3522. [PMID: 28301152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of squalene, sterol, aliphatic alcohol, pigment, and triterpenic diol accumulations in olive oils from adult and young trees of the Oueslati cultivar were studied for two consecutive years, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Data were compared statistically for differences by age of trees, maturation of olive, and year of harvesting. Results showed that the mean campesterol content in olive oil from adult trees at the green stage of maturation was significantly (p < 0.02) above the limit established by IOC legislation. However, the mean values of campesterol and Δ-7-stigmastenol were significantly (p < 0.01) above the limits in oils from young trees at the black stage of ripening. Principal component analysis was applied to alcohols, squalene, pigments, and sterols having noncompliance with the legislation. Then, data of 36 samples were subjected to a discriminant analysis with "maturation" as grouping variable and principal components as input variables. The model revealed clear discrimination of each tree age/maturation stage group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Chtourou
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole National d'Ingénieur de Sfax, Université de Sfax , B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Institut de l'olivier à Sfax, Unité Technologie et Qualité de l'huile d'olive , 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hazem Jabeur
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole National d'Ingénieur de Sfax, Université de Sfax , B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ayda Lazzez
- Institut de l'olivier à Sfax, Unité Technologie et Qualité de l'huile d'olive , 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole National d'Ingénieur de Sfax, Université de Sfax , B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax , B.P. 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Alonso-Rebollo A, Ramos-Gómez S, Busto MD, Ortega N. Development and optimization of an efficient qPCR system for olive authentication in edible oils. Food Chem 2017; 232:827-835. [PMID: 28490146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of qPCR in olive-oil authentication depends on the DNA obtained from the oils and the amplification primers. Therefore, four olive-specific amplification systems based on the trnL gene were designed (A-, B-, C- and D-trnL systems). The qPCR conditions, primer concentration and annealing temperature, were optimized. The systems were tested for efficiency and sensitivity to select the most suitable for olive oil authentication. The selected system (D-trnL) demonstrated specificity toward olive in contrast to other oleaginous species (canola, soybean, sunflower, maize, peanut and coconut) and showed high sensitivity in a broad linear dynamic range (LOD and LOQ: 500ng - 0.0625pg). This qPCR system enabled detection, with high sensitivity and specificity, of olive DNA isolated from oils processed in different ways, establishing it as an efficient method for the authentication of olive oil regardless of its category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alonso-Rebollo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos-Gómez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - María D Busto
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Natividad Ortega
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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Ben Ayed R, Ben Hassen H, Ennouri K, Rebai A. Genetic Markers Analyses and Bioinformatic Approaches to Distinguish Between Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 8:366-373. [PMID: 26923146 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of 22 olive tree cultivars (Olea europaea L.) sampled from different Mediterranean countries was assessed using 5 SNP markers (FAD2.1; FAD2.3; CALC; SOD and ANTHO3) located in four different genes. The genotyping analysis of the 22 cultivars with 5 SNP loci revealed 11 alleles (average 2.2 per allele). The dendrogram based on cultivar genotypes revealed three clusters consistent with the cultivars classification. Besides, the results obtained with the five SNPs were compared to those obtained with the SSR markers using bioinformatic analyses and by computing a cophenetic correlation coefficient, indicating the usefulness of the UPGMA method for clustering plant genotypes. Based on principal coordinate analysis using a similarity matrix, the first two coordinates, revealed 54.94 % of the total variance. This work provides a more comprehensive explanation of the diversity available in Tunisia olive cultivars, and an important contribution for olive breeding and olive oil authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Ben Ayed
- Molecular and Cellular Screening Process Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road, BP '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hanen Ben Hassen
- Laboratory of Physics, Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Molecular and Cellular Screening Process Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road, BP '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Molecular and Cellular Screening Process Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road, BP '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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27
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Ben Ayed R, Ben Hassen H, Ennouri K, Ben Marzoug R, Rebai A. OGDD (Olive Genetic Diversity Database): a microsatellite markers' genotypes database of worldwide olive trees for cultivar identification and virgin olive oil traceability. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:bav090. [PMID: 26827236 PMCID: PMC4733328 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea), whose importance is mainly due to nutritional and health features, is one of the most economically significant oil-producing trees in the Mediterranean region. Unfortunately, the increasing market demand towards virgin olive oil could often result in its adulteration with less expensive oils, which is a serious problem for the public and quality control evaluators of virgin olive oil. Therefore, to avoid frauds, olive cultivar identification and virgin olive oil authentication have become a major issue for the producers and consumers of quality control in the olive chain. Presently, genetic traceability using SSR is the cost effective and powerful marker technique that can be employed to resolve such problems. However, to identify an unknown monovarietal virgin olive oil cultivar, a reference system has become necessary. Thus, an Olive Genetic Diversity Database (OGDD) (http://www.bioinfo-cbs.org/ogdd/) is presented in this work. It is a genetic, morphologic and chemical database of worldwide olive tree and oil having a double function. In fact, besides being a reference system generated for the identification of unkown olive or virgin olive oil cultivars based on their microsatellite allele size(s), it provides users additional morphological and chemical information for each identified cultivar. Currently, OGDD is designed to enable users to easily retrieve and visualize biologically important information (SSR markers, and olive tree and oil characteristics of about 200 cultivars worldwide) using a set of efficient query interfaces and analysis tools. It can be accessed through a web service from any modern programming language using a simple hypertext transfer protocol call. The web site is implemented in java, JavaScript, PHP, HTML and Apache with all major browsers supported. Database URL: http://www.bioinfo-cbs.org/ogdd/
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Ben Ayed
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia and
| | - Hanen Ben Hassen
- Laboratory of Physics Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia and
| | | | - Ahmed Rebai
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia and
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Essid F, Sifi S, Beltrán G, Sánchez S, Raïes A. Sensory and Volatile Profiles of Monovarietal North Tunisian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from ‘Chétoui’ Cultivar. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:533-42. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faten Essid
- Laboratory of Tunisian Board of Olive Oil (ONH)
- Research Group “Bioprocesses (TEP-138, ‘Junta de Andalucía’) Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Jaén University
- Laboratory of Micro-organisms and Active Bio-molecules (LR03ES03) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University
| | - Samira Sifi
- Laboratory of Tunisian Board of Olive Oil (ONH)
| | | | - Sebastián Sánchez
- Research Group “Bioprocesses (TEP-138, ‘Junta de Andalucía’) Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Jaén University
| | - Aly Raïes
- Laboratory of Micro-organisms and Active Bio-molecules (LR03ES03) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University
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Quality and chemical profiles of monovarietal north Moroccan olive oils from “Picholine Marocaine” cultivar: Registration database development and geographical discrimination. Food Chem 2015; 179:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Alonso-Salces RM, Segebarth N, Garmón-Lobato S, Holland MV, Moreno-Rojas JM, Fernández-Pierna JA, Baeten V, Fuselli SR, Gallo B, Berrueta LA, Reniero F, Guillou C, Héberger K. 1H-NMR and isotopic fingerprinting of olive oil and its unsaponifiable fraction: Geographical origin of virgin olive oils by pattern recognition. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Alonso-Salces
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Nicolas Segebarth
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
| | - Sergio Garmón-Lobato
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; Leioa Spain
| | - Margaret V. Holland
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
| | - Jose M. Moreno-Rojas
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
| | - Juan A. Fernández-Pierna
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department; Walloon Agricultural Research Centre; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Sandra R. Fuselli
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Mar del Plata Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; La Plata Argentina
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; Leioa Spain
| | - Luis Angel Berrueta
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; Leioa Spain
| | - Fabiano Reniero
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
| | - Claude Guillou
- Institute of Health and Consumer Protection; DG-Joint Research Centre, European Commission; Ispra Italy
| | - Károly Héberger
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
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Poiana MA, Alexa E, Munteanu MF, Gligor R, Moigradean D, Mateescu C. Use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to detect the changes in extra virgin olive oil by adulteration with soybean oil and high temperature heat treatment. OPEN CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe structural changes induced in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by adulteration with soybean oil (SBO) and heat treatment at 185°C for 4 and 8 h were investigated using Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Our results revealed that the band around 3006 cm–1 recorded shifts versus the percentage of adulterant. The changes in the absorbance at 3006 cm
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Bajoub A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Ajal EA, Beltrán Maza G, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Ouazzani N. Contribution to the establishment of a protected designation of origin for Meknès virgin olive oil: A 4-years study of its typicality. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A likelihood ratio model for the determination of the geographical origin of olive oil. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 853:187-199. [PMID: 25467458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food fraud or food adulteration may be of forensic interest for instance in the case of suspected deliberate mislabeling. On account of its potential health benefits and nutritional qualities, geographical origin determination of olive oil might be of special interest. The use of a likelihood ratio (LR) model has certain advantages in contrast to typical chemometric methods because the LR model takes into account the information about the sample rarity in a relevant population. Such properties are of particular interest to forensic scientists and therefore it has been the aim of this study to examine the issue of olive oil classification with the use of different LR models and their pertinence under selected data pre-processing methods (logarithm based data transformations) and feature selection technique. This was carried out on data describing 572 Italian olive oil samples characterised by the content of 8 fatty acids in the lipid fraction. Three classification problems related to three regions of Italy (South, North and Sardinia) have been considered with the use of LR models. The correct classification rate and empirical cross entropy were taken into account as a measure of performance of each model. The application of LR models in determining the geographical origin of olive oil has proven to be satisfactorily useful for the considered issues analysed in terms of many variants of data pre-processing since the rates of correct classifications were close to 100% and considerable reduction of information loss was observed. The work also presents a comparative study of the performance of the linear discriminant analysis in considered classification problems. An approach to the choice of the value of the smoothing parameter is highlighted for the kernel density estimation based LR models as well.
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Faberi A, Marianella RM, Fuselli F, La Mantia A, Ciardiello F, Montesano C, Mascini M, Sergi M, Compagnone D. Fatty acid composition and δ13 C of bulk and individual fatty acids as marker for authenticating Italian PDO/PGI extra virgin olive oils by means of isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:840-849. [PMID: 25230181 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
European Regulation (EEC) 2568/91 has been setting the minimum requirements in order to allow labeling of oil as extra virgin. These general requirements, are based on physical-chemical and organoleptic parameters directly linked to the freshness and quality of the product. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was demonstrated to be a useful tool for the discrimination of the origin of unknown samples, because the obtained data are practically independent of the cultivar employed and the production technique. In this work, the evaluation of the composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) alongside with the determination of stable isotope ratio of C in bulk oils and in main FAME constituents have been investigated as a tool to improve geographical discrimination of Italian Protected Designation of Origin/Protected Geographical Indication (PDO/PGI) samples. For this purpose, authentic PDO/PGI extra virgin olive oils were sampled at oil mills and grouped into different sets according to their areas of provenience. The use of principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis multivariate analysis techniques demonstrated that discrimination of olive oil samples can be done using geographical and pedoclimatic parameters predominantly by using δ(13) C results of bulk and individual fatty acids. Results showed that δ(13) C values are a more reliable marker of origin with respect to fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Faberi
- MiPAAF, Dipartimento dell'Ispettorato Centrale della tutela della Qualità e Repressione Frodi dei Prodotti Agro-alimentari, Laboratorio Centrale di Roma, 00149, Rome, Italy
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Aparicio R, Morales MT, Aparicio-Ruiz R, Tena N, García-González DL. Authenticity of olive oil: Mapping and comparing official methods and promising alternatives. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Besnard G, Dorado G, Hernandez P. Varietal tracing of virgin olive oils based on plastid DNA variation profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70507. [PMID: 23950947 PMCID: PMC3737381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil traceability remains a challenge nowadays. DNA analysis is the preferred approach to an effective varietal identification, without any environmental influence. Specifically, olive organelle genomics is the most promising approach for setting up a suitable set of markers as they would not interfere with the pollinator variety DNA traces. Unfortunately, plastid DNA (cpDNA) variation of the cultivated olive has been reported to be low. This feature could be a limitation for the use of cpDNA polymorphisms in forensic analyses or oil traceability, but rare cpDNA haplotypes may be useful as they can help to efficiently discriminate some varieties. Recently, the sequencing of olive plastid genomes has allowed the generation of novel markers. In this study, the performance of cpDNA markers on olive oil matrices, and their applicability on commercial Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) oils were assessed. By using a combination of nine plastid loci (including multi-state microsatellites and short indels), it is possible to fingerprint six haplotypes (in 17 Spanish olive varieties), which can discriminate high-value commercialized cultivars with PDO. In particular, a rare haplotype was detected in genotypes used to produce a regional high-value commercial oil. We conclude that plastid haplotypes can help oil traceability in commercial PDO oils and set up an experimental methodology suitable for organelle polymorphism detection in the complex olive oil matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB), CNRS-UPS-ENFA, UMR 5174, Bâtiment 4R1b2, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Córdoba, Spain
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