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Kember AJ, Elangainesan P, Ferraro ZM, Jones C, Hobson SR. Common sleep disorders in pregnancy: a review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1235252. [PMID: 37671402 PMCID: PMC10475609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1235252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of common sleep disorders during pregnancy, including their characterization, prevalence, risk factors, and possible contribution to maternal and fetal outcomes. We conducted a quasi-systematic literature search of the MEDLINE database and identified 744 studies from 1991 through 2021, inclusive, that met our inclusion criteria. We synthesized the existing literature on sleep disorders during pregnancy and highlighted controversies, research gaps, and needed clinical developments. Our review covers a range of sleep disorders, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and circadian rhythm disorders. We discuss the prevalence of these disorders in pregnancy and their potential impact on maternal and fetal health outcomes. We also explore the relationship between sleep disorders, pre-pregnancy comorbidities such as obesity, and pregnancy-related conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. In addition to summarizing the existing literature on sleep disorders during pregnancy, we also highlight opportunities for further research in this area. We suggest that future studies should strive to employ validated and objective measurement tools for sleep disorders and prioritize utilization of longitudinal methods with participant follow-up through postpartum, mid-life, menopause, and beyond. We also put forward investigation into the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on reproductive physiology and early pregnancy outcomes as an area of important work. Overall, our review provides valuable insights on sleep and reproduction and into common sleep disorders during pregnancy and their potential impact on maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J. Kember
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Shiphrah Biomedical Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Praniya Elangainesan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Ferraro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian R. Hobson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Akbaş P, Yaman Sözbir Ş. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on the intensity of symptoms and quality of sleep and quality of life in pregnant women with restless leg syndrome. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 113:107768. [PMID: 37146530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study, accordingly, was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on the intensity of restless leg syndrome (RLS) and RLS-related quality of life and sleep in pregnant women with RLS. METHODS This one-centered, parallel randomized controlled study was conducted with 52 pregnant women. 27-28th of pregnancy, progressive muscle relaxation exercises training was shown and they were asked to practice them 3 times a week for 8 weeks. RESULTS It was found that the RLS Intensity Scale and PSQI posttest mean scores of the women in experiment group are lower on a statically significant level than the mean scores of the women in control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001). It was detected that the RLS-Qol posttest mean scores of the women in the experiment group are higher than the mean scores in the control group on a statistically significant level (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS It was seen that progressive muscle relaxation exercises alleviate RLS intensity and symptoms and improve RLS-related quality of life and sleep in pregnant women. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Progressive muscle relaxation exercises are beneficial for pregnant women and can be easily integrated into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Akbaş
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey.
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Jurjević LČ, Telarović S. Relationship of restless legs syndrome with number of pregnancies, duration of pregnancy and positive family history. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221109371. [PMID: 35791495 PMCID: PMC9272156 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the correlation between gestational age and number of previous pregnancies in group of pregnant women with restless legs syndrome and the connection of restless legs syndrome with family history positive versus family history negative group of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods: Four hundred and sixty-two women were involved in this study: 231 pregnant women and the same number of non-pregnant women of compatible age as a control group. We defined restless legs syndrome as presence of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. During the face-to-face interview with the researcher, respondents answered questions about duration of pregnancy, number of previous pregnancies and family history of restless legs syndrome. Results: Before the 16th week of pregnancy, restless legs syndrome appeared in 7.1% of pregnant women and after 16 weeks of pregnancy in 22.6% of them (t = 2.07, p = 0.039). Restless legs syndrome appeared in 11.4% of pregnant women without restless legs syndrome in the family and in 74.2% of pregnant women who did have restless legs syndrome in the family (t = 7.67, p < 0.001). It was also found that among non-pregnant women with a family history of restless legs syndrome, 42.9% had restless legs syndrome, and among those without a family history of restless legs syndrome, only 4.9% had restless legs syndrome (t = 3.49, p = 0.001). No statistically significant correlation between restless legs syndrome and number of previous pregnancies in pregnant women has been found. Conclusion: Our study confirmed a higher frequency of restless legs syndrome in women pregnant for 17 or more weeks and in both pregnant and non-pregnant women with a positive family history of this syndrome. We have not proven a connection between restless legs syndrome and multiparity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srđana Telarović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Maheswari U, Devaraj D, Devaraj U, Bothello M, Ramachandran P, D\'Souza GA. Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome in Pregnancy— A Follow-up Study (PEARLS Study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances and disorders are common during pregnancy, and they can be risk factors for a number of serious pregnancy-related sleep disorders. These include postpartum depression, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, certain chronic sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, are quite challenging to manage in the context of pregnancy and during lactation, particularly with medications that can be teratogenic. This review discusses 4 common sleep disorders and their impacts on pregnancy, and suggests ways to deal with these disorders that improves maternal and fetal outcomes safely. The review discusses diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, and narcolepsy in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kay-Stacey
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hrayr P. Attarian
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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