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Malatong Y, Intasuwan P, Palee P, Sinthubua A, Mahakkanukrauh P. Deep learning and morphometric approach for Sex determination of the lumbar vertebrae in a Thai population. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2023; 63:14-21. [PMID: 35306907 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221089073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination is a fundamental step in biological profile estimation from skeletal remains in forensic anthropology. This study proposes deep learning and morphometric technique to perform sex determination from lumbar vertebrae in a Thai population. A total of 1100 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) from 220 Thai individuals (110 males and 110 females) were obtained from the Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. In addition, two linear measurements of superior and inferior endplates from the digital caliper and image analysis were carried out for morphometric technique. Deep learning applied image classification to the superior and inferior endplates of the lumbar vertebral body. All lumbar vertebrae images are included in the dataset to increase the number of images per class. The accuracy determined the performance of each technique. The results showed the accuracies of 82.7%, 90.0%, and 92.5% for digital caliper, image analysis, and deep learning techniques, respectively. The lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 exhibit sexual dimorphism and can be used in sex estimation. Deep learning is more accurate in determining sex than the morphometric method. In addition, the subjectivity and errors in the measurement are decreased. Finally, this study presented an alternative approach to determining sex from lumbar vertebrae when the more traditionally used skeletal elements are incomplete or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanumart Malatong
- Program in Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pittayarat Intasuwan
- Program in Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patison Palee
- College of Arts, Media and Technology, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Sinthubua
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, 26682Chiang Mai University, Forensic Osteology Research Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Vora SR, Tam S, Katsube M, Pliska B, Heda K. Craniofacial form differences between obese and nonobese children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:744-752.e3. [PMID: 36216623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current evidence suggests that obesity is correlated with differences in craniofacial form in children and adolescents. Here, we sought to test this hypothesis by evaluating the craniofacial form of obese and nonobese preorthodontic patients, using 2D cephalometric data combined with cephalometric and geometric morphometric approaches. METHODS Height, weight, age, and lateral cephalometric radiographs were gathered from patients aged 7-16 years before beginning orthodontic treatment at the University of British Columbia. Based on their body mass index, 24 obese patients were age, sex, and Angle classification of malocclusion matched with nonobese controls. Cephalometric radiographs were annotated, and coordinates of landmarks were used to obtain linear and angular cephalometric measurements. Geometric morphometric analyses were performed to determine overall craniofacial form differences between cohorts. Dental maturation index scores and cervical vertebral maturation scores were recorded as an indicator of skeletal maturation. RESULTS Cephalometric analysis revealed that the maxillary length and gonial angle are the only marginally larger metrics in obese subjects than in control subjects. However, principal component and discriminant analyses (geometric morphometrics) confirmed that the overall craniofacial form of obese patients differs statistically from that of control patients. Obese patients tend to be slightly mandibular prognathic and brachycephalic. Dental maturation index scores were statistically higher in the obese group than in the control group, with no statistical difference in cervical vertebral maturation scores. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals a subtle but significant difference in cranial skeletal morphology between obese and nonobese children and adolescents, suggesting a correlation between craniofacial form and physiological/metabolic phenotypes of subjects. It is likely that with continued growth, these differences may increase. Recording body mass index as part of the orthodontic records for patients may help in supporting the assessment of craniofacial form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth R Vora
- Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Samuel Tam
- Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Motoki Katsube
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin Pliska
- Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kiran Heda
- Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Cox SL. A geometric morphometric assessment of shape variation in adult pelvic morphology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:652-671. [PMID: 34528241 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In humans, the pelvis is the most sexually dimorphic skeletal element and is often utilized in aging and sexing remains. The pelvis has become greatly relied upon in anthropological research (e.g., forensics, demographics, obstetrics, evolutionary history); however, pelvis morphology is highly variable, and very little is known about the nature, sources, patterning, and interpretation of this variation. This study aims to quantify pelvis shape variation, document sexual shape variation, and estimate the plasticity of morphology. This will ultimately give greater ability to interpret modern, archaeological, and evolutionary patterns to gain deeper insight into processes which shape human anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a sample of 129 Medieval Danish skeletons, shape variation is documented in the greater sciatic notch (GSN), iliac crest (IC), arcuate line (AL), and sub-pubic angle (SPA) using 3D geometric morphometrics. The landmarking method applied here has the advantage of being applicable to fragmentary remains, rather than requiring whole bones. This allows it to be easily applied to archaeological samples and for the interpretation of separate bone features. Differences in shape were statistically analyzed by principle component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, and morphological disparity. Relationships between maximum femur length, body mass, and shape centroid size were also test by allometric regression. RESULTS Results quantify the sexual dimorphism and shape variation present in these features. The GSN shape is the most variable, while the AL is the least. Similarly, the IC is the only feature which shows almost no dimorphism in shape, and instead best reflects lifestyle/activity patterns. Evidence of dimorphism in the IC is likely a result of cultural labor patterns rather than genetic and hormonal influence. Finally, the shapes of the GSN, AL, and SPA are more related to body mass than to femur length, such that individuals with increased mass exhibit more classically "male" shapes and those with less mass have more "female" shapes. DISCUSSION The results have important implications for the evolution of pelvic anatomy, and sexual dimorphism, but also highlight the plasticity inherent in pelvic morphology. Analyzing pelvis features separately in a clearly defined, relatively genetically homogenous population gives insight into the determinants of bone morphology, which are not readily observable by other means. The relationship between body mass and shape suggests dimorphism in body size and composition may affect bone shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Cox
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Physical Anthropology, Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of Cambridge, Department of Archaeology, Cambridge, UK
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Garvin HM, Stock MK, Marciniec KA, Mohamed MM, Ternent E, Cirillo LE, Stull KE. Sex estimation of the subadult ilium prior to acetabular fusion. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2113-2125. [PMID: 34355806 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating sexual dimorphism in subadult pelvic features present variable, and at times conflicting, conclusions. As a result, there is yet to be a consensus on whether the subadult pelvis can be used in sex estimation methods. This study aims to assess the forensic utility of ilium shape and greater sciatic notch morphology in sexing subadult pelves prior to acetabular fusion. A sample of 397 modern U.S. individuals with unfused acetabula (i.e., tri-radiate cartilages) aged birth to 14 years was queried from a larger sample of postmortem computed tomography scans. Elliptical Fourier analyses were performed on ilium and greater sciatic notch outlines and resultant PCs were evaluated for significant effects of sex and age. Greater sciatic notch metrics were also collected. Stepwise linear discriminant function analyses with leave-one-out cross-validation were performed on the PCs and metric variables. Analyses were performed on pooled samples, on age-specific cohort samples, and on samples that iteratively removed the youngest one-year cohort. Cross-validated correct classification rates ranged from 57% to 65% and no patterns were observed to support an appearance and/or consistent expression of sexually diagnostic traits. Based on the results, sex estimation using these features is not recommended in pelvic remains prior to acetabular fusion, although the sample sizes of individuals over 5 years of age were limited in this study. Future studies should focus on the sexually diagnostic ability of pelvic traits in subadult samples post-fusion of the acetabulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Garvin
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Michala K Stock
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Merna M Mohamed
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ternent
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Laura E Cirillo
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kyra E Stull
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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Corron LK, Santos F, Adalian P, Chaumoitre K, Guyomarc'h P, Marchal F, Brůžek J. How low can we go? A skeletal maturity threshold for probabilistic visual sex estimation from immature human os coxae. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 325:110854. [PMID: 34091409 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The appearance of sexually dimorphic traits varies depending on the type of bone, age, environmental and genetic factors and is closely linked to skeletal maturation sequence. Subadult sex estimation currently shows inconsistent accuracy and methods do not incorporate indicators of maturation. The goal of this study is to apply the Santos et al. (2019) adult sex estimation method on virtually reconstructed subadult os coxae and account for pelvic maturation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The right os coxae of 194 female and male individuals aged 11-30 years from Marseille, France were virtually reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) scans. Santos et al.'s (2019) 11 traits were scored as female, male, or indeterminate. Maturation of 10 pelvic epiphyseal sites was scored using a four-stage system (0-3) to obtain a composite maturity score from 1 to 30. RESULTS Three maturity groups were identified based on composite maturity scores ranging from 0 to 30. Individuals with a composite maturity score of 15 or higher showed 98 % sex estimation accuracy and a 6 % indeterminate rate. Scores of 2 for the ischiatic tuberosity or 1 for the anterior superior iliac spine can be used as proxies for a composite maturity score of 15 and application on incomplete bones. DISCUSSION Sexual dimorphism was observed in the epiphyseal maturation sequence and the development of sexually dimorphic pelvic traits. The Santos et al. (2019) method is applicable on immature individuals who meet a maturation threshold with comparable accuracy to adults, without relying on known or estimated age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Corron
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
| | - Frédéric Santos
- PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, CS 50023, Pessac 33615, France.
| | - Pascal Adalian
- ADES - Anthropologie bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, Faculté de Médecine - secteur Nord, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13 344 Marseille cedex 15, France.
| | - Kathia Chaumoitre
- ADES - Anthropologie bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, Faculté de Médecine - secteur Nord, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13 344 Marseille cedex 15, France; Department of Radiology and medical imaging, CHU Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, F-13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Pierre Guyomarc'h
- ADES - Anthropologie bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, Faculté de Médecine - secteur Nord, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13 344 Marseille cedex 15, France.
| | - François Marchal
- ADES - Anthropologie bioculturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, Faculté de Médecine - secteur Nord, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13 344 Marseille cedex 15, France.
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, CS 50023, Pessac 33615, France; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 1200, Czech Republic.
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6
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Miller CA, Hwang SJ, Cotter MM, Vorperian HK. Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1692-1708. [PMID: 33119940 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cervical vertebral bodies undergo substantial morphological development during the first two decades of life that are used clinically to visually determine skeletal maturation with the cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). CVMI defines six stages that capture the morphological transformations from 6 years to 18 years. However, CVMI has poor reproducibility given its qualitative nature and does not account for sexual dimorphism. This study aims to quantify the morphological development of the cervical vertebral bodies C2-C7 in size (height and depth) and shape and examine the emergence of sexual dimorphism. Using 115 (70 M;45F) computed tomography studies from typically developing individuals ages 6 months to 20 years, landmarks were placed at the margins of the C2-C7 cervical vertebral bodies in the midsagittal plane for size and shape analysis. Findings revealed a dichotomy in the growth trends of height versus depth. The C2-C7 growth in depth gained the majority of the adult size by age 5 years, while the C3-C7 growth in height displayed two periods of accelerated growth during early childhood and puberty. Significant sex differences were found in height and depth growth trends and the form-space ontogenetic trajectories during puberty, with minor but evident differences emerging at age 3 years. Female C2-C7 depth measures were smaller than males at all ages. However, sex differences in height became evident due to males continuing to grow after females reach maturity. Findings quantify the morphological developmental stages of CVMI and emphasize the need to account for sex differences when assessing skeletal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Miller
- Vocal Tract Development Lab, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seong Jae Hwang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan M Cotter
- Gross Anatomy Teaching Group, Medical Education Office, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Academic Affairs, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Houri K Vorperian
- Vocal Tract Development Lab, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Gillet C, Costa-Mendes L, Rérolle C, Telmon N, Maret D, Savall F. Sex estimation in the cranium and mandible: a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) study using anthropometric and geometric morphometry methods. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:823-832. [PMID: 31897666 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze the respective contribution of the skull and mandible to sex estimation in an entire cranium using metric and geometric morphometric methods and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) analysis. MATERIALS The study sample comprised 120 individuals aged 23 to 84 years and divided into three groups (whole sample and over or under 40 years of age). METHODS Forty-eight osteometric landmarks were positioned using Osirix®, 34 for the cranium and 14 for the mandible. The data were analyzed using univariate analyses and logistic regression using backward stepwise selection with cross-validation of the classification results. Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) was used, and Goodall's F test and Mahalanobis D2 matrices allowed an assessment of statistical significance. RESULTS The classification accuracy of cranium models ranged from 87% to 88.3%, and from 68% to 81.4% for the mandibular models. With geometric morphometry, accuracy was of 94-100% for the cranium and 84.2% for the mandible. DISCUSSION We conclude that the mandible had a higher accuracy rate for individuals over 40 years than individuals under 40 years of age, although the accuracy of geometric morphometry did not differ significantly between the age groups. The cranium, however, presented greater predictability for all the parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gillet
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonor Costa-Mendes
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UFR Odontologie de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Rérolle
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau, Avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-, Tours, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Maret
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,UFR Odontologie de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Savall
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Service de Médecine Légale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse, France.
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Engelkes K, Helfsgott J, Hammel JU, Büsse S, Kleinteich T, Beerlink A, Gorb SN, Haas A. Measurement error in μCT-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics introduced by surface generation and landmark data acquisition. J Anat 2019; 235:357-378. [PMID: 31062345 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed-tomography-derived (CT-derived) polymesh surfaces are widely used in geometric morphometric studies. This approach is inevitably associated with decisions on scanning parameters, resolution, and segmentation strategies. Although the underlying processing steps have been shown to potentially contribute artefactual variance to three-dimensional landmark coordinates, their effects on measurement error have rarely been assessed systematically in CT-based geometric morphometric studies. The present study systematically assessed artefactual variance in landmark data introduced by the use of different voxel sizes, segmentation strategies, surface simplification degrees, and by inter- and intra-observer differences, and compared their magnitude to true biological variation. Multiple CT-derived surface variants of the anuran (Amphibia: Anura) pectoral girdle were generated by systematic changes in the factors that potentially influence the surface geometries. Twenty-four landmarks were repeatedly acquired by different observers. The contribution of all factors to the total variance in the landmark data was assessed using random-factor nested permanovas. Selected sets of Euclidean distances between landmark sets served further to compare the variance among factor levels. Landmark precision was assessed by landmark standard deviation and compared among observers and days. Results showed that all factors, except for voxel size, significantly contributed to measurement error in at least some of the analyses performed. In total, 6.75% of the variance in landmark data that mimicked a realistic biological study was caused by measurement error. In this landmark dataset, intra-observer error was the major source of artefactual variance followed by inter-observer error; the factor segmentation contributed < 1% and slight surface simplification had no significant effect. Inter-observer error clearly exceeded intra-observer error in a different landmark dataset acquired by six partly inexperienced observers. The results suggest that intra-observer error can potentially be reduced by including a training period prior to the actual landmark acquisition task and by acquiring landmarks in as few sessions as possible. Additionally, the application of moderate and careful surface simplification and, potentially, also the use of case-specific optimal combinations of automatic local thresholding algorithms and parameters for segmentation can help reduce intra-observer error. If landmark data are to be acquired by several observers, it is important to ensure that all observers are consistent in landmark identification. Despite the significant amount of artefactual variance, we have shown that landmark data acquired from microCT-derived surfaces are precise enough to study the shape of anuran pectoral girdles. Yet, a systematic assessment of measurement error is advisable for all geometric morphometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Engelkes
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennice Helfsgott
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany.,Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung mit Phyletischem Museum, Ernst-Hackel-Haus und Biologiedidaktik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Büsse
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Haas
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Young M, Selleri L, Capellini TD. Genetics of scapula and pelvis development: An evolutionary perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:311-349. [PMID: 30797513 PMCID: PMC6430119 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In tetrapods, the scapular and pelvic girdles perform the important function of anchoring the limbs to the trunk of the body and facilitating the movement of each appendage. This shared function, however, is one of relatively few similarities between the scapula and pelvis, which have significantly different morphologies, evolutionary histories, embryonic origins, and underlying genetic pathways. The scapula evolved in jawless fish prior to the pelvis, and its embryonic development is unique among bones in that it is derived from multiple progenitor cell populations, including the dermomyotome, somatopleure, and neural crest. Conversely, the pelvis evolved several million years later in jawed fish, and it develops from an embryonic somatopleuric cell population. The genetic networks controlling the formation of the pelvis and scapula also share similarities and differences, with a number of genes shaping only one or the other, while other gene products such as PBX transcription factors act as hierarchical developmental regulators of both girdle structures. Here, we provide a detailed review of the cellular processes and genetic networks underlying pelvis and scapula formation in tetrapods, while also highlighting unanswered questions about girdle evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Young
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Institute of Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, United States; Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Anatomy, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Institute of Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Villotte S. Unexpected Discovery of More Elements from the Prehistoric Immature Skeleton from Baousso da Torre (Bausu da Ture) (Liguria, Italy). Inventory, Age-at-Death Estimation, and Probable Sex Assessment of BT3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/bmsap-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This note presents the unexpected discovery of human remains belonging to the immature skeleton from Baousso da Torre (BT3), considered to date from the Gravettian period. These remains were explicitly described as missing by Rivière who undertook the study of this skeleton and was supposedly present at the time of the discovery. These remains, some of them indisputably refitting with the partial skeleton of BT3, permit a better estimation of the age-at-death and a probable assessment of the sex of this individual.
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11
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A critical review of sub-adult age estimation in biological anthropology: Do methods comply with published recommendations? Forensic Sci Int 2018; 288:328.e1-328.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Corron L, Marchal F, Condemi S, Telmon N, Chaumoitre K, Adalian P. Integrating Growth Variability of the Ilium, Fifth Lumbar Vertebra, and Clavicle with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Models for Subadult Age Estimation. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:34-51. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Corron
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Secteur Nord UMR 7268 ADES – Aix‐Marseille Université – EFS – CNRS 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille Cedex 15 France
- Department of Anthropology University of Nevada Reno NV
| | - François Marchal
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Secteur Nord UMR 7268 ADES – Aix‐Marseille Université – EFS – CNRS 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille Cedex 15 France
| | - Silvana Condemi
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Secteur Nord UMR 7268 ADES – Aix‐Marseille Université – EFS – CNRS 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille Cedex 15 France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Service de Médecine Légale CHU Rangueil Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès 31043 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse AMIS UMR 5288 CNRS 37 Allées Jules Guesde 31073 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Kathia Chaumoitre
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Secteur Nord UMR 7268 ADES – Aix‐Marseille Université – EFS – CNRS 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille Cedex 15 France
- Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale Hôpital Nord CHU Marseille Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille Chemin des Bourrely 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Pascal Adalian
- Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Secteur Nord UMR 7268 ADES – Aix‐Marseille Université – EFS – CNRS 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard 13344 Marseille Cedex 15 France
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Specific-age group sex estimation of infants through geometric morphometrics analysis of pubis and ischium. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 286:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Li K, Cavaignac E, Xu W, Cheng Q, Telmon N, Huang W. Morphometric evaluation of the knee in Chinese population reveals sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:2349-2356. [PMID: 29464370 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morphologic data of the knee is very important in the design of total knee prostheses. Generally, the designs of the total knee prostheses are based on the knee anatomy of Caucasian population. Moreover, in forensic medicine, a person's age and sex might be estimated by the shape of their knees. The aim of this study is to utilize three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the knee in Chinese population to reveal sexual dimorphism and age-related differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually dimorphic differences and age-related differences of the distal femur were studied by using geometric morphometric analysis of ten osteometric landmarks on three-dimensional reconstructions of 259 knees in Chinese population. General Procrustes analysis, PCA, and other discriminant analysis such as Mahalanobis and Goodall's F test were conducted for the knee to identify sexually dimorphism and age-related differences of the knee. RESULTS The shape of distal femur between the male and female is significantly different. A difference between males and females in distal femur shape was identified by PCA; PC1 and PC2 accounted for 61.63% of the variance measured. The correct sex was assigned in 84.9% of cases by CVA, and the cross-validation revealed a 81.1% rate of correct sex estimation. The osteometric analysis also showed significant differences between the three age-related subgroups (< 40, 40-60, > 60 years, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION This study showed both sex-related difference and age-related difference in the distal femur in Chinese population by 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Our bone measurements and geometric morphometric analysis suggest that population characteristics should be taken into account and may provide references for design of total knee prostheses in a Chinese population. Moreover, this reliable, accurate method could be used to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Etienne Cavaignac
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nobert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Verbruggen SW, Nowlan NC. Ontogeny of the Human Pelvis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:643-652. [PMID: 28297183 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs, while also facilitating bipedal movement. The pelvic girdle is composed of two hip bones, os coxae, themselves each formed from the gradual fusion of the ischium, ilium and pubis bones. Unlike the development of the classical long bones, a complex timeline of events must occur in order for the pelvis to arise from the embryonic limb buds. An initial blastemal structure forms from the mesenchyme, with chondrification of this mass leading to the first recognisable elements of the pelvis. Primary ossification centres initiate in utero, followed post-natally by secondary ossification at a range of locations, with these processes not complete until adulthood. This cascade of events can vary between individuals, with recent evidence suggesting that fetal activity can affect the normal development of the pelvis. This review surveys the current literature on the ontogeny of the human pelvis. Anat Rec, 300:643-652, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niamh C Nowlan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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16
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Best KC, Garvin HM, Cabo LL. An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:990-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh C. Best
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; 1000 Faner Drive Carbondale IL 62901
| | - Heather M. Garvin
- Department of Applied Forensic Sciences; Mercyhurst University; 501 E 38th Street Erie PA 16546
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; 3200 Grand Avenue Des Moines IA 50312
| | - Luis L. Cabo
- Department of Applied Forensic Sciences; Mercyhurst University; 501 E 38th Street Erie PA 16546
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17
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Uldin T. Virtual anthropology - a brief review of the literature and history of computed tomography. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:165-173. [PMID: 30483637 PMCID: PMC6197098 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1369621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has influenced numerous fields since its inception in the 1970s. The field of palaeoanthropology significantly benefited from this efficient and non-invasive medium in terms of the conservation, reconstruction and analysis of fossil human remains. Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of forensic anthropological studies incorporating virtual osteological analyses. Because of the increasing importance of these modern cross-sectional imaging techniques and the requirement for standardized parameters in forensic science, we deemed it important to outline the history and development of CT applications in these related academic areas. The present paper outlines the history of “virtual anthropology” and osteological multi-detector CT in the context of palaeoanthropology and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Uldin
- Department of Medicine and Community Health, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Wilson L, Humphrey L. Voyaging into the third dimension: A perspective on virtual methods and their application to studies of juvenile sex estimation and the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 278:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Chantalat E, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals age-related differences in the distal femur of Europeans. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:21. [PMID: 28608283 PMCID: PMC5468359 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have looked into age-related variations in femur shape. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis of the distal femur would reveal age-related differences. The purpose of this study was to show that differences in distal femur shape related to age could be identified, visualized, and quantified using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis. Methods Geometric morphometric analysis was carried out on CT scans of the distal femur of 256 subjects living in the south of France. Ten landmarks were defined on 3D reconstructions of the distal femur. Both traditional metric and geometric morphometric analyses were carried out on these bone reconstructions. These analyses were used to identify trends in bone shape in various age-based subgroups (<40, 40–60, >60). Results Only the average bone shape of the < 40-year subgroup was statistically different from that of the other two groups. When the population was divided into two subgroups using 40 years of age as a threshold, the subject's age was correctly assigned 80% of the time. Discussion Age-related differences are present in this bone segment. This reliable, accurate method could be used for virtual autopsy and to perform diachronic and interethnic comparisons. Moreover, this study provides updated morphometric data for a modern population in the south of France. Conclusion Manufacturers of knee replacement implants will have to adapt their prosthesis models as the population evolves over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavaignac
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France.
| | - Frederic Savall
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- Laboratoire d'anatomie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Faruch
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Reina
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Chiron
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France
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20
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Cardoso HFV, Spake L, Humphrey LT. Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the dimensions of the girdle bones in the postnatal period. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:772-783. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F. V. Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology and Centre for Forensic Research; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Laure Spake
- Department of Archaeology and Centre for Forensic Research; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Louise T. Humphrey
- Human Origins Group; Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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21
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Cavaignac E, Li K, Faruch M, Savall F, Chiron P, Huang W, Telmon N. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis reveals ethnic dimorphism in the shape of the femur. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:13. [PMID: 28466436 PMCID: PMC5413466 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnic dimorphism in the distal femur has never been studied in a three-dimensional analysis focused on shape instead of size. Yet, this dimorphism has direct implications in orthopedic surgery and in anthropology. The goal of this study was to show that differences in distal femur shape related to ethnic dimorphism could be identified, visualized, and quantified using 3D geometric morphometric analysis. Methods CT scans of the distal femur were taken from 482 patients who were free of any bone-related pathology: 240 patients were European (E) and 242 were Asian (A). Ten osteometric landmarks based on standard bone landmarks used in anthropometry were placed on these scans. Geometric morphometric analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variates analysis (CVA), and other discriminant analyses (Goodall’s F-test and Mahalanobis distance) were performed. A cross-validation analysis was carried out to determine the percentage of cases in which the ethnicity was correctly estimated. Results The shape of the E and A distal femur differed significantly (Goodall’s F = 94.43, P < 0.001 and Mahalanobis D2 distance = 1.85, P < 0.001). PCA identified a difference in distal femur shape between A and E. The CVA revealed that correct ethnicity was assigned in 82% of cases and the cross-validation revealed a 75% rate of correct ethnic group estimation. Conclusion The distal femur exhibits ethnic dimorphism. 3D geometric morphometric analysis made it possible to demonstrate these differences. The large number of subjects studied has helped modernize the references for certain bone measurements, with direct implication for orthopedic surgery and anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavaignac
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France. .,Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, CHU, France.
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie Faruch
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Savall
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Chiron
- Institut de l'appareil locomoteur, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse, CHU, France
| | - W Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allée Jules Guesdes, 31000, Toulouse, France
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22
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Rmoutilová R, Dupej J, Velemínská J, Brůžek J. Geometric morphometric and traditional methods for sex assessment using the posterior ilium. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2017; 26:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Stull KE, L'Abbé EN, Ousley SD. Subadult sex estimation from diaphyseal dimensions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:64-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra E. Stull
- Department of Anthropology; University of Nevada; Reno, Reno NV
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria; South Africa
| | - Ericka N. L'Abbé
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria; South Africa
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24
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Quantification of 3D curvature in the iliac crest: Ontogeny and implications for sex determination in juveniles. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:255-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Villa C, Buckberry J, Lynnerup N. Evaluating osteological ageing from digital data. J Anat 2016; 235:386-395. [PMID: 27620700 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at death estimation of human skeletal remains is one of the key issues in constructing a biological profile both in forensic and archaeological contexts. The traditional adult osteological methods evaluate macroscopically the morphological changes that occur with increasing age of specific skeletal indicators, such as the cranial sutures, the pubic bone, the auricular surface of the ilium and the sternal end of the ribs. Technologies such as computed tomography and laser scanning are becoming more widely used in anthropology, and several new methods have been developed. This review focuses on how the osteological age-related changes have been evaluated in digital data. First, the 3D virtual copies of the bones have been used to mimic the appearance of the dry bones and the application of the traditional methods. Secondly, the information directly extrapolated from CT scans has been used to assess qualitatively or quantitatively the changes of the trabecular bones, the thickness of the cortical bones, and to perform morphometric analyses. Lastly, the most innovative approach has been the mathematical quantification of the changes of the pelvic joints, calculating the complexity of the surface. The importance of new updated reference datasets, created thanks to the use of CT scanning in forensic settings, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jo Buckberry
- Biological Anthropology Research Centre, Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Cavaignac E, Savall F, Faruch M, Reina N, Chiron P, Telmon N. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals sexual dimorphism in the distal femur. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:246.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Bilfeld MF, Dedouit F, Sans N, Rousseau H, Rougé D, Telmon N. Ontogeny of Size and Shape Sexual Dimorphism in the Pubis: A Multislice Computed Tomography Study by Geometric Morphometry. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:1121-8. [PMID: 25782723 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted to determine sex differences in the immature coxal bone and the results were often contradictory. The authors studied sexual dimorphic differences of the pubis using geometric morphometric analysis of five osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), based on three-dimensional reconstructions of 188 children (95 boys, 93 girls) living in the region of Toulouse, southwestern France, ranging in age from 1 to 18 years old. They used geometric morphometric methodology first to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals) and second to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). Based on statistical significance test results, the pubic shape became sexually dimorphic at 13 years old, although visible shape differences were observed as early as 9 years old. This work showed that the trajectories of pubis shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Faruch Bilfeld
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,Service de Radiologie, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Dedouit
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,Service de Radiologie, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Sans
- Service de Radiologie, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Hervé Rousseau
- Service de Radiologie, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Daniel Rougé
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie AMIS, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1 Avenue Professeur Jean Poulhès, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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28
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Dedouit F, Savall F, Mokrane FZ, Rousseau H, Crubézy E, Rougé D, Telmon N. Virtual anthropology and forensic identification using multidetector CT. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130468. [PMID: 24234584 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual anthropology is made possible by modern cross-sectional imaging. Multislice CT (MSCT) can be used for comparative bone and dental identification, reconstructive identification and lesion identification. Comparative identification, the comparison of ante- and post-mortem imaging data, can be performed on both teeth and bones. Reconstructive identification, a considerable challenge for the radiologist, identifies the deceased by determining sex, geographical origin, stature and age at death. Lesion identification combines virtual autopsy and virtual anthropology. MSCT can be useful in palaeopathology, seeking arthropathy, infection, oral pathology, trauma, tumours, haematological disorders, stress indicators or occupational stress in bones and teeth. We examine some of the possibilities offered by this new radiological subspeciality that adds a new dimension to the work of the forensic radiologist. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial and involves communication and data exchange between radiologists, forensic pathologists, anthropologists and radiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dedouit
- Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, Toulouse Cedex, France
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29
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Wilson LA, Ives R, Cardoso HF, Humphrey LT. Shape, size, and maturity trajectories of the human ilium. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:19-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A.B. Wilson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rachel Ives
- AOC Archaeology Group; St Margaret's Business Centre; Twickenham TW1 1JS UK
| | - Hugo F.V. Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology and Centre for Forensic Research; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Louise T. Humphrey
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
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30
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Chapman T, Lefevre P, Semal P, Moiseev F, Sholukha V, Louryan S, Rooze M, Van Sint Jan S. Sex determination using the Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis (DSP: Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste) tool in a virtual environment. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 234:189.e1-8. [PMID: 24290894 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hip bone is one of the most reliable indicators of sex in the human body due to the fact it is the most dimorphic bone. Probabilistic Sex Diagnosis (DSP: Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste) developed by Murail et al., in 2005, is a sex determination method based on a worldwide hip bone metrical database. Sex is determined by comparing specific measurements taken from each specimen using sliding callipers and computing the probability of specimens being female or male. In forensic science it is sometimes not possible to sex a body due to corpse decay or injury. Skeletalization and dissection of a body is a laborious process and desecrates the body. There were two aims to this study. The first aim was to examine the accuracy of the DSP method in comparison with a current visual sexing method on sex determination. A further aim was to see if it was possible to virtually utilise the DSP method on both the hip bone and the pelvic girdle in order to utilise this method for forensic sciences. For the first part of the study, forty-nine dry hip bones of unknown sex were obtained from the Body Donation Programme of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). A comparison was made between DSP analysis and visual sexing on dry bone by two researchers. CT scans of bones were then analysed to obtain three-dimensional (3D) virtual models and the method of DSP was analysed virtually by importing the models into a customised software programme called lhpFusionBox which was developed at ULB. The software enables DSP distances to be measured via virtually-palpated bony landmarks. There was found to be 100% agreement of sex between the manual and virtual DSP method. The second part of the study aimed to further validate the method by analysing thirty-nine supplementary pelvic girdles of known sex blind. There was found to be a 100% accuracy rate further demonstrating that the virtual DSP method is robust. Statistically significant differences were found in the identification of sex between researchers in the visual sexing method although both researchers identified the same sex in all cases in the manual and virtual DSP methods for both the hip bones and pelvic girdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Chapman
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Anthropology and Prehistory, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Lefevre
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Semal
- Laboratory of Anthropology and Prehistory, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fedor Moiseev
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Victor Sholukha
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Louryan
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, ULB Erasme Hospital, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Rooze
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Serge Van Sint Jan
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Campus, Building G2.4.101, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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